叶面喷施不同钙源对辣椒生长及其果实品质的影响

丘智晃; 冯紫荟; 陈煜林; 杨依彬; 程凤娴; 邓兰生

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.012.007

叶面喷施不同钙源对辣椒生长及其果实品质的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.012.007

丘智晃^1,,
冯紫荟¹,
陈煜林¹,
杨依彬^{1, 2},
程凤娴²,
邓兰生^1, ,

1.
华南农业大学资源环境学院，广东　广州　510642
2.
东莞一翔液体肥料有限公司，广东　东莞　523135

基金项目: 广东省农村科技特派员项目（KTP20210159）

详细信息

作者简介:
丘智晃（1998−），男，硕士研究生，研究方向：植物营养（E-mail：2573128568@qq.com）

通讯作者:
邓兰生（1971−），男，副教授，研究方向：植物营养（E-mail：lshdeng@scau.edu.cn）

中图分类号: S 641
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-06
- 录用日期: 2022-07-06
- 修回日期: 2022-11-09
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-28
- 刊出日期: 2022-03-28

Agronomic Effects of Foliar Calcium Sprays on Chili Peppers

1.
College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong　510642, China
2.
Dongguan Yixiang Liquid Fertilizer Co., Ltd., Dongguan, Guangdong　523135, China

摘要

摘要: 目的通过叶面喷施不同钙源研究其对辣椒的农艺性状、果实钙含量的影响，为生产上辣椒果实钙含量的提升、产量增加和品质改善提供参考。方法以辣椒为试验材料，采用基质培养，设置CK（叶面喷施清水）、G1（叶面喷施氯化钙）、G2（叶面喷施糖醇钙）、G3（叶面喷施小分子肽钙）4个处理，测定辣椒的主要农艺性状、钙含量、产量和品质等指标。结果喷施3种不同的钙源均可加快辣椒果实的成熟，提高地上部钙素在果实的分配率。G3与CK相比，辣椒的地上部鲜重显著增加22.02%，单株产量为536.9 g，显著增产38.77%。果实钙含量与积累量分别达2.78 g·kg⁻¹和96.86 g·株⁻¹，较CK处理显著升高46.32%和78.25%。辣椒地上部中，果实的钙素分配率较CK处理显著提高58.58%，维生素C含量达0.6378 mg·g⁻¹，较CK处理显著增加17.29%；G3与G1相比，辣椒的单株产量、单果重和维生素C含量分别显著提高18.0%、33.8%、18.3%；G3与G2相比，辣椒的地上部鲜重、成熟果个数和单株产量均显著提高。地上部氮、钾、钙的积累量增加。结论与氯化钙和糖醇钙相比，小分子肽钙能更好地从辣椒的叶片转移到果实中，进而提高果实钙含量。供试条件下，在促进辣椒生长、提高产量和品质方面，叶面喷施小分子肽钙的处理效果最佳。
- 辣椒 /
- 小分子肽钙 /
- 钙含量 /
- 果实品质
Abstract: Objective Effects of foliar spraying different calcium solutions on the agronomic traits of chili pepper were studied for crop yield and quality improvements. Method Four foliar spraying treatments using water (CK) or solutions of calcium chloride (G1), calcium sugar alcohol (G2), and small molecular peptide calcium (G3) were performed on chili pepper plants. Major agronomic characteristics, calcium content, yield, and quality of the plants were determined. Result The various calcium sprays hastened the pepper ripening and increased the fruit calcium content. Compared with CK, the G3-treated peppers increased significantly by 22.02% on fresh weight and by 38.77% at 536.9 g on yield per plant. Meanwhile, the content and the accumulation of calcium in the fruit reached 2.78 g·kg⁻¹ and 96.86 g per plant, representing significant increases over CK by 46.32% and 78.25%, respectively. In the aboveground pepper plant, the fruits had a significantly increased share of calcium by 58.58% and Vitamin C (0.6378 mg·g⁻¹) by 17.29% over those of CK. The G3-treated peppers also had higher yield per plant, fruit weight, and Vitamin C by 18.0%, 33.8%, and 18.3%, respectively, than the G1-treated ones, and significantly higher fresh shoot weight, mature fruit count, and yield per plant than the G2 counterparts. The sprays also resulted in more accumulations of nitrogen, potassium, and calcium in the aboveground parts of the plants. Conclusion The small molecule peptide calcium used in the foliar spraying was more efficient than the other forms in transferring calcium from the leaves to the fruits of a chili pepper plant. It was recommended for promoting the plant growth as well as increasing the yield and nutritional quality of chili peppers.
- Chili pepper /
- small molecular peptide calcium /
- calcium content /
- fruit quality

HTML全文

图 1 叶面喷施不同钙肥对辣椒相对叶绿素含量的影响

不同小写字母表示同一天数不同处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。

Figure 1. Effect of foliar calcium sprays on relative chlorophyll content of chili peppers

Different lowercase lettes indicate significant diffience among different treatments (P＜0.05).

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图 2 叶面喷施不同钙肥对辣椒各部位大量元素与钙素含量的影响

不同小写字母代表同一部位不同处理之间在5%水平差异显著，下同。

Figure 2. Effects of foliar calcium sprays on macroelements and calcium in aboveground chili pepper plant

The same lowercase letters represent significant differences of different treatments at the same pepper part at the 5% level, the same below.

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图 3 叶面喷施不同钙肥对辣椒地上部大量元素与钙素分配率的影响

Figure 3. Effects of foliar spraying of different calcium fertilizers on the distribution of macronutrients and calcium in the shoots of pepper

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图 4 叶面喷施不同钙肥对辣椒果实维生素C的影响

Figure 4. Effects of foliar calcium sprays on vitamin C in chili pepper fruits

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表 1 试验处理

Table 1. Experimental treatments

处理 Treatments	叶面喷施液成分 Foliar spray composition	肥料含量 Fertilizer content/(g·L⁻¹)	钙素浓度 Calcium concentration/(mol·L⁻¹)
CK	清水	—	0.00
G1	氯化钙	1.12	0.01
G2	糖醇钙	4.20	0.01
G3	小分子肽钙	5.20	0.01
每升体积肥料液配完后再加入表面活性剂2 mL（吐温20），方便肥液铺展在叶片上。 2 mL surfactant (Tween 20) were added in a liter of spraying solution to facilitate spreading on leaves.

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表 2 叶面喷施不同钙肥对辣椒生长指标与干物质的影响

Table 2. Effects of foliar calcium sprays on growth and dry matters of chili peppers

处理 Treatments	株高 Plant height/cm	茎粗 Stem diameter/mm	地上部鲜重 FW of above ground/(g·株⁻¹)	果干重 Friut DW/ (g·株⁻¹)	叶干重 Leaf DW/ (g·株⁻¹)	茎干重 Stem DW/ (g·株⁻¹)	地上部干重 DW of above ground/ (g·株⁻¹)
CK	83.4 ± 7.9a	11.4 ± 1.3a	604.8 ± 16.9b	28.4 ± 0.9b	18.4 ± 0.2a	14.4 ± 1.0a	61.2 ± 1.7a
G1	77.7 ± 5.2a	11.6 ± 0.1a	666.6 ± 12.1ab	33.3 ± 0.9ab	19.7 ± 0.9a	14.0 ± 1.3a	66.9 ± 2.1a
G2	75.8 ± 8.5a	11.9 ± 1.0a	604.8 ± 20.1b	28.1 ± 1.8b	18.2 ± 1.9a	13.1 ± 2.3a	59.4 ± 5.0a
G3	71.7 ± 3.6a	11.0 ± 0.1a	738.0 ± 37.9a	34.7 ± 2.4a	17.6 ± 0.5a	12.3 ± 1.8a	64.6 ± 4.2a
FW表示鲜重，DW表示干重t。表中数据为“平均值 ± 标准误”。同列数字后存在相同小写字母代表在5%水平上差异不显著，下同。 FW: fresh weight; DW: dry weight. Data are mean ± standard error; those with same lowercase letters on same column indicate no significant differences at 5% level. Same for below.

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表 3 叶面喷施不同钙肥对辣椒农艺性状与坐果率的影响

Table 3. Effects of foliar calcium sprays on agronomic traits and fruit set rate of chili peppers

喷施完成后时间 Days after spraying/d	处理 Treatments	成熟果数 Ripe fruit per plant	结果数 Fruits per plant	开花数 Flowers per plant	坐果率 Fruit set rate/%
7	CK	—	7.0 ± 0.0b	13.3 ± 1.2a	—
	G1	—	8.7 ± 0.3b	16.7 ± 0.3a	—
	G2	—	6.0 ± 0.0b	16.0 ± 1.5a	—
	G3	—	11.7 ± 1.7a	16.7 ± 1.5a	—
14	CK	2.0 ± 0.6c	15.3 ± 3.4a	10.3 ± 1.7a	—
	G1	4.0 ± 0.6b	20.0 ± 3.1a	7.3 ± 0.9a	—
	G2	4.0 ± 0.6b	18.7 ± 5.4a	6.7 ± 2.9a	—
	G3	6.7 ± 0.3a	23.3 ± 4.6a	7.7 ± 2.3a	—
21	CK	2.7 ± 0.3c	20.0 ± 3.5a	6.7 ± 2.7a	47.7 ± 3.3a
	G1	5.7 ± 0.3ab	27.7 ± 4.8a	3.0 ± 1.0a	59.4 ± 2.9a
	G2	4.7 ± 0.9b	21.7 ± 6.4a	2.3 ± 0.3a	57.1 ± 6.4a
	G3	7.3 ± 0.7a	27.7 ± 4.5a	2.0 ± 0.6a	52.8 ± 4.5a

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表 4 叶面喷施不同钙肥对辣椒单株产量、单果质量和果实大小的影响

Table 4. Effects of foliar calcium sprays on yield per plant, single fruit weight, and fruit size of chili peppers

处理 Treatments	单株产量 Yield per plant/g	单果重 Single fruit weight/g	果长 Fruit length/cm	果横径 Fruit width/mm
CK	386.9±13.9c	47.8±2.6c	14.0±0.3b	35.7±0.8ab
G1	455.0±14.4b	54.5±3.7bc	16.9±0.6a	34.1±1.5b
G2	398.4±20.4bc	66.4±5.5ab	17.0±0.9a	37.4±2.6ab
G3	536.9±26.1a	72.9±4.9a	17.6±0.5a	41.1±0.7a

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表 5 叶面喷施不同钙肥对辣椒各部位大量元素与钙素积累量的影响

Table 5. Effects of foliar calcium sprays on macroelements and calcium accumulation in parts of chili pepper plant

部位 Part	处理 Treatments	氮积累量 N accumulation/(g·株⁻¹)	磷积累量 P accumulation/(g·株⁻¹)	钾积累量 K accumulation/(g·株⁻¹)	钙积累量 Ca accumulation/(g·株⁻¹)
果实 Fruit	CK	675.49±22.09 a	48.07±1.57 b	669.80±21.90 b	54.34±4.85 b
	G1	758.19±19.83 a	73.83±1.93 a	800.75±20.95 ab	75.94±5.76 ab
	G2	691.51±43.94 a	49.74±3.16 b	686.17±43.61 b	73.89±12.41 ab
	G3	786.89±54.23 a	51.07±3.52 b	838.66±57.80 a	96.86±9.10 a
叶片 Leaf	CK	601.77±7.96 b	37.83±0.50 b	533.27±7.05 a	505.64±23.53 b
	G1	702.03±31.62 ab	64.97±2.93 a	524.25±23.61 a	667.12±40.66 a
	G2	766.41±81.47 a	35.62±3.79 b	563.63±59.91 a	527.87±70.34 ab
	G3	745.18±22.35 ab	39.42±1.18 b	479.78±14.39 a	538.34±22.19 ab
茎秆 Stem	CK	283.18±19.75 a	19.67±1.37 a	452.48±31.55 a	115.52±6.72 a
	G1	229.71±21.52 a	27.28±2.55 a	419.84±39.33 a	115.00±13.88 a
	G2	241.52±42.88 a	21.41±3.80 a	370.23±65.73 a	123.74±18.06 a
	G3	216.11±31.53 a	18.70±2.73 a	326.93±47.71 a	124.49±18.14 a
地上部 Pepper shoots	CK	1 560.44±40.15 a	105.57±2.77 b	1 655.55±48.22 a	675.50±32.55 a
	G1	1 689.93±53.12 a	166.08±5.33 a	1 744.84±58.31 a	858.06±41.82 a
	G2	1 699.44±144.48 a	106.77±8.91 b	1 620.03±141.62 a	725.50±87.88 a
	G3	1 748.18±94.64 a	109.19±6.53 b	1 645.37±105.62 a	759.69±31.44 a

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