不同叶面肥及水稻品种对水稻糙米重金属累积的影响

潘荣庆; 何卿姮; 韦昌江; 黄智刚

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.06.004

不同叶面肥及水稻品种对水稻糙米重金属累积的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.06.004

广西大学农学院/广西农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室，广西　南宁　530004

基金项目: 广西创新驱动发展专项（桂科AA17204078）

详细信息

作者简介:
潘荣庆（1997−），男，硕士，研究方向：农业面源污染与生态治理（E-mail：1524395275@qq.com）

通讯作者:
黄智刚（1971−），男，博士，副教授，研究方向：农业资源利用（E-mail：19950048@gxu.edu.cn）

中图分类号: S 511
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-08
- 修回日期: 2022-03-05
- 网络出版日期: 2022-08-07
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-28

Heavy Metal Accumulation in Husk-removed Grains as Affected by Foliar Fertilizer Application and Rice Variety

Agriculture College, Guangxi University/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi　530004, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究不同水稻品种和叶面肥对水稻糙米富集多种重金属的影响。方法采用田间试验的方法，选用10个广西当地主要种植的晚稻品种，每个品种设置喷施硒肥（Se）、硅肥（Si）和CK施肥处理。测定和分析水稻糙米重金属As、Cd、Pb、Cr含量差异，比较不同晚稻品种As、Cd、Pb、Cr累积特性，筛选出适合广西当地种植的重金属低累积晚稻品种，同时分析出两种叶面肥对水稻糙米累积重金属的影响。结果不同水稻品种糙米对As、Cd、Pb、Cr的累积存在明显差异。其中桂育12糙米Cd含量最低，裕丰优158糙米As含量最低，荃香优822糙米Cr含量最低；10个水稻品种中，仅有华浙优1号检测出Pb含量。4种重金属在水稻糙米中富集能力大小依次为：Cd＞As＞Cr＞Pb。喷洒硒肥（Se）和硅肥（Si）后水稻糙米Cd含量分别下降了44.8%和44.2%。富集系数分别降低了47.2%和47.4%。喷洒硅肥（Si）后，水稻糙米As含量及富集系数相较于对照处理分别降低了30.0%和19.0%。喷洒叶面肥后对水稻糙米Pb含量影响较小。结论选用品种桂育12在广西当地种植可以很好地降低糙米重金属中Cd的累积，选用裕丰优158可以很好地降低糙米中重金属As的累积，施用硅肥（Si）可显著降低As在水稻糙米中的累积，叶面喷施硒肥（Se）和硅肥（Si）均可以很好地阻控在水稻糙米中Cd的富集。
- 晚稻品种 /
- 糙米 /
- 重金属 /
- 叶面肥
Abstract: Objective Effects of rice variety and applied foliar fertilizers on the accumulation of heavy metals in the husk-removed grains were studied. Method In a field experimentation, 10 major local late-season rice cultivars in Guangxi Province were sprayed with selenium (Se), silicon (Si), or water as CK. Contents of As, Cd, Pb, and Cr in the husk-removed grains were determined to identify the rice varieties with lower potential to retain heavy metals. Result Significant differences were found in the pollutants accumulation of rice grains. Among the 10 cultivars, Guiyu 12 was the lowest on Cd, Yufengyou 158 the lowest on As, Quanxiangyou 822 the lowest on Cr, and only Huazheyou No.1 detected with Pb. The greatest to the least heavy metal accumulated was in the order of Cd＞As＞Cr＞Pb. On average, the application of Se foliar fertilizer reduced the Cd accumulation in grains by 44.8%, and that of Si by 44.2% with the enrichment coefficients decreased by 47.2% and 47.4%, respectively. Si application lowered the As content by 30.0% with an enrichment coefficient by 19.0% over CK, but less effective on Pb reduction. Conclusion The accumulation of Cd in the grains of Guiyu 12 could be significantly minimized, and also that of As in Yufengyou 158 rice, for the cultivation in Guangxi. Application of Si fertilizer on the leaves of a rice plant could decrease As accumulation and that of either Se or Si reduce Cd in the grains.
- Late-season rice /
- husk-removed rice grains /
- heavy metals /
- foliar fertilizer

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图 1 不同品种水稻糙米重金属含量

不同小写字母表示不同品种处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。

Figure 1. Heavy metals in husk-removed grains of different rice varieties

Data with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different varieties (P＜0.05).

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表 1 供试水稻品种

Table 1. Rice varieties under study

品种 Varieties	编号Number	来源Source
桂育12 Guiyu 12	D-1	当地农资店 Local agricultural materials store
华浙优1号 Huazheyou No.1	D-2	广西农科院提供 Provided by Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
68优金占 68 Youjinzhang	D-3
凯丰优158 Kaifengyou 158	D-4
裕丰优158 Yufengyou 158	D-5
y两优143 y Lliangyou 143	D-6
荃香优822 Quanxiangyou 822	D-7
又香优龙丝苗 Youxiang youlongsimiao	D-8
又香优雅丝苗 Youxiang youyasimiao	D-9
野香优明月丝苗 Yexiangyou mingyuesimiao	D-10

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表 2 不同处理水稻糙米Cd含量

Table 2. Cd content of brown rice under treatments

品种 Varieties	CK	处理A Treatment A		处理B Treatment B
品种 Varieties	含量 Content/（mg·kg⁻¹）	含量 Content/（mg·kg⁻¹）	降幅 Decline/%	含量 Content/（mg·kg⁻¹）	降幅 Decline/%
D-1	0.1350±0.0173 a	0.0900±0.0141 b	−33.3	0.0825±0.0150 b	−38.9
D-2	0.1500±0.0365 a	0.0950±0.0054 a	−36.7	0.0975±0.0450 a	−35.0
D-3	0.1675±0.005 a	0.0975±0.025 b	−41.8	0.0975±0.0125 b	−41.8
D-4	0.2350±0.0369 a	0.1025±0.0095 b	−56.4	0.1025±0.020 b	−56.4
D-5	0.1500±0.0141 a	0.0975±0.0325 b	−35.0	0.0950±0.0173 b	−36.7
D-6	0.1575±0.0411 a	0.1275±0.0530 a	−19.0	0.1400±0.0315 a	−11.1
D-7	0.1700±0.0336 a	0.1000±0.0291 b	−41.2	0.0850±0.0054 b	−50.0
D-8	0.1675±0.0221 a	0.1050±0.0253 b	−37.3	0.0975±0.0170 b	−41.8
D-9	0.2275±0.0403 a	0.0825±0.0093 b	−63.7	0.0950±0.0191 b	−58.2
D-10	0.2520±0.0346 a	0.1025±0.0184 b	−59.3	0.1175±0.0330 b	−53.4
平均值 Average	0.1812±0.047 a	0.1000±0.0254 b	−44.8	0.1010±0.0264 b	−44.3
同行数据后不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著（P＜0.05），下同。 Data with different letters on the same column indicate significant difference between different varieties (P＜0.05). Same for the following tables.

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表 3 不同处理水稻糙米As含量

Table 3. As content of brown rice from different treatment groups

品种 Varieties	CK	处理A Treatment A		处理B Treatment B
品种 Varieties	含量 Content/（mg·kg⁻¹）	含量 Content/（mg·kg⁻¹）	降幅 Decline/%	含量 Content/（mg·kg⁻¹）	降幅 Decline/%
D-1	0.3125±0.0298 a	0.2250±0.0443 b	−28.0	0.1425±0.0614 c	−54.4
D-2	0.2800±0.0182 a	0.2450±0.0732 a	−12.5	0.1950±0.0983 a	−30.4
D-3	0.2625±0.015 a	0.2025±0.0222 ab	−22.9	0.1725±0.0670 b	−34.3
D-4	0.2275±0.0394 a	0.1925±0.0355 a	−15.4	0.1675±0.1092 a	−26.4
D-5	0.2000±0.0483 a	0.2325±0.0386 a	16.3	0.1800±0.0680 a	−10.0
D-6	0.2375±0.1105 a	0.1900±0.0495 a	−20.0	0.1675±0.0570 a	−29.5
D-7	0.2200±0.0270 a	0.1950±0.0793 a	−11.4	0.1800±0.0742 a	−18.2
D-8	0.2625±0.0531 a	0.2250±0.0544 a	−14.3	0.1825±0.0680 a	−30.5
D-9	0.3950±0.0369 a	0.2850±0.0420 a	−27.8	0.2650±0.1283 a	−32.9
D−10	0.2450±0.0412 a	0.1975±0.0872 a	−19.4	0.1975±0.0580 a	−19.4
平均值 Average	0.2643±0.068 a	0.2195±0.0572 b	−17.1	0.1850±0.07845 c	−30.0

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表 4 不同处理水稻糙米Pb含量

Table 4. Pb content of brown rice from different treatment groups

品种 Varieties	CK	处理A Treatment A		处理B Treatment B
品种 Varieties	含量 Content/（mg·kg⁻¹）	含量 Content/（mg·kg⁻¹）	降幅 Decline/%	含量 Content/（mg·kg⁻¹）	降幅 Decline/%
D-1	0.0010±0 a	0.0010±0 a	0	0.0168±0.031 a	1580.0
D-2	0.0268±0.0516 a	0.0010±0 a	−96.3	0.0010±0 a	−96.3
D-3	0.0010±0 a	0.0010±0 a	0	0.0010±0 a	0.0
D-4	0.0010±0 a	0.0010±0 a	0	0.0010±0 a	0.0
D-5	0.0010±0 a	0.0010±0 a	0	0.0010±0 a	0.0
D-6	0.0010±0 a	0.0010±0 a	0	0.0010±0 a	0.0
D-7	0.0010±0 a	0.0010±0 a	0	0.0010±0 a	0.0
D-8	0.0010±0 a	0.0010±0 a	0	0.0010±0 a	0.0
D-9	0.0010±0 a	0.0010±0 a	0	0.0010±0 a	0.0
D-10	0.0010±0 a	0.0010±0 a	0	0.0010±0 a	0.0
平均值 Average	0.0035±0.016 a	0.0010±0 a	−72.1	0.0025±0.010 a	−27.9

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表 5 不同处理水稻糙米Cr含量

Table 5. Cr content of brown rice from different treatment groups

品种 Varieties	CK	处理A Treatment A		处理B Treatment B
品种 Varieties	含量 Content/（mg·kg⁻¹）	含量 Content/（mg·kg⁻¹）	降幅 Decline/%	含量 Content/（mg·kg⁻¹）	降幅 Decline/%
D-1	0.0051±0.0082 a	0.0144±0.0149 a	182.4	0.0178±0.0217 a	249.0
D-2	0.0097±0.0120 a	0.0335±0.045 a	245.4	0.0070±0.0119 a	−27.8
D-3	0.0051±0.0081 a	0.0341±0.0421 a	568.6	0.0248±0.0307 a	386.3
D-4	0.0226±0.0284 a	0.0741±0.1362 a	227.9	0.0315±0.0523 a	39.4
D-5	0.0166±0.0109 a	0.0224±0.0078 a	34.9	0.0361±0.0512 a	117.5
D-6	0.0103±0.0127 a	0.0076±0.0082 a	−26.2	0.0173±0.0266 a	68.0
D-7	0.0046±0.0071 a	0.0201±0.0134 a	337.0	0.0049±0.0078 a	6.5
D-8	0.0521±0.0452 a	0.0123±0.0076 a	−76.4	0.0227±0.0375 a	−56.4
D-9	0.0339±0.0241 a	0.0102±0.0065 a	−69.9	0.0171±0.0207 a	−49.6
D-10	0.0253±0.0422 a	0.0291±0.0504 a	15.0	0.0039±0.0057 a	−84.6
平均值 Average	0.0185±0.025 a	0.0257±0.0481a	39.1	0.0183±0.0290a	−1.2

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表 6 不同品种水稻糙米重金属的富集系数

Table 6. Enrichment coefficients on heavy metals in brown rice of different varieties

品种 Varieties	Cd	As	Pb	Cr
D-1	0.0601	0.0229	0.00003	0.0001
D-2	0.0684	0.0205	0.00089	0.0001
D-3	0.0901	0.0187	0.00004	0.0001
D-4	0.1065	0.0163	0.00003	0.0003
D-5	0.0677	0.0151	0.00003	0.0002
D-6	0.0733	0.0169	0.00003	0.0001
D-7	0.0767	0.0164	0.00003	0.0001
D-8	0.0784	0.0208	0.00003	0.0007
D-9	0.1056	0.0286	0.00004	0.0005
D-10	0.1178	0.0190	0.00003	0.0003

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表 7 不同处理对水稻糙米重金属富集系数的影响

Table 7. Enrichment coefficients on heavy metals in brown rice from different treatment groups

处理 Treatment	富集系数BCF
处理 Treatment	Cd	As	Pb	Cr
CK	0.0844 a	0.0195 a	0.00012 a	0.0003 a
处理A Treatment A	0.0446 b	0.0186 a	0.00003 a	0.0004 a
处理B Treatment B	0.0444 b	0.0158 b	0.00009 a	0.0003 a
注：同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著（P＜0.05）。 Note: Data with different letters on same column indicate significant difference at P＜0.05.

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