东星斑循环水养殖系统的水体营养盐及微生物群落结构特征

刘鑫; 康建平; 林岗; 缪凡; 叶翚; 饶小珍; 钟传明

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.06.010

东星斑循环水养殖系统的水体营养盐及微生物群落结构特征

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.06.010

刘鑫^1,,
康建平²,
林岗^{1, 3, ,},
缪凡¹,
叶翚²,
饶小珍^{1, 3},
钟传明²

1.
福建师范大学生命科学学院，福建　福州　350117
2.
福建省水产技术推广总站，福建　福州　350001
3.
福建省特色海洋生物资源可持续利用重点实验室，福建　福州　350117

基金项目: 福建省海洋与渔业保护及发展专项（022003）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘鑫（1997−），男，硕士研究生，主要从事水生生物学研究（E-mail：485137399@qq.com）

通讯作者:
林岗（1967−），男，教授，主要从事海洋养殖生物学研究（E-mail：lgffz@fjnu.edu.cn）

中图分类号: S 965
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- 文章访问数: 374
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-11
- 修回日期: 2022-04-21
- 网络出版日期: 2022-08-07
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-28

Nutrients and Microbial Community in Recirculating Aquaculture System for Plectropomus leopardus Aquaculture

LIU Xin^1
,,
KANG Jianping²,
LIN Gang^{1, 3
, ,},
MIAO Fan¹,
YE Hui²,
RAO Xiaozhen^{1, 3},
ZHONG Chuanming²

1.
College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350117, China
2.
Fujian Fishery Technology Extension Station, Fuzhou, Fujian　350001, China
3.
Fujian Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Special Marine Life Resources, Fuzhou, Fujian　350117, China

摘要

摘要: 目的明确循环水养殖系统（Recirculating aquaculture system，RAS）的营养盐及微生物组成特征，为东星斑循环水养殖系统的合理利用提供理论依据和技术参考。方法检测东星斑循环水养殖系统进水、养殖池、养殖池出水、生物滤池、紫外消毒池的水质指标、水体中弧菌数量，利用高通量测序技术对水体中微生物群落进行分析。结果氨氮、硝酸盐氮和磷酸盐的浓度从养殖环节至消毒环节呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势，亚硝酸盐氮则相反。外源海水样品中的弧菌数量小于循环水养殖系统中各个环节样品中的弧菌数量，弧菌数量经过养殖池后明显上升，经过生物滤池处理之后明显下降。在门分类水平上，循环水养殖系统中不同环节主要的微生物门类是变形菌门Proteobacteria、拟杆菌门Bacteroidota、厚壁菌门Firmicutes。在属分类水平上，主要为假交替单胞菌属Pseudoalteromonas、发光杆菌属Photobacterium、弧菌属Vibrio、乳杆菌属Lactobacillus，Vibrio中主要为Vibrio ponticus，占Vibrio总量的66.17%。结论循环水养殖系统的水处理环节可以有效降低养殖池出水中氨氮、硝酸盐氮以及磷酸盐的浓度和弧菌数量，同时揭示了循环水系统不同环节微生物组成特征。
- 东星斑 /
- 循环水养殖系统 /
- 高通量测序 /
- 微生物群落结构 /
- 弧菌
Abstract: Objective Nutrients content and microbial community in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for Plectropomus leopardus aquaculture were analyzed to provide theoretical and practical reference for the aquaculture operation. Method Indicators for the water quality of the influent, fish ponds, effluent, biological filter, and ultraviolet disinfection tank as well as the Vibrio count and microbial community at various stages of the RAS were determined based upon the high-throughput sequencing results. Result The concentrations of NH₄⁺-N, NO₃⁻-N and PO₄³⁻-P in the water increased at the stages where fish were present and declined where disinfection took place. It was the opposite on NO₂⁻-N. Vibrio count was fewer in the exogenous seawater than in any downstream points of RAS which rose significantly after flowing through the fish ponds and diminished after the biofiltration treatment. At phylum level, the dominant microbes in the system were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Firmicutes. At genus level, there are mainly Pseudoalteromonas, Photobacterium, Vibrio, and Lactobacillus. The main Vibrio species was V. ponticus, the ration of which was 66.17%. Conclusion The RAS system was effective in reducing the $ {\rm{NH}}_4^+ $-N, NO₃⁻-N, ${\rm{PO}}_4^{3-} $-P, and vibrio population in the water. The composition of the microbial community in the circulating water was unveiled.
- Plectropomus leopardus /
- recirculating aquaculture system /
- high-throughput sequencing /
- microbial community structure /
- vibrio

HTML全文

图 1 循环水养殖系统示意图（P1-P10为养殖池；箭头指水流方向）

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of RAS（P1-P10: aquaculture ponds with arrows showing direction of water flow）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 样品中微生物组成分布Veen图

Figure 2. Veen diagram on distribution of microbial composition at sampling spots

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图 3 不同样本的NMDS排序图

Figure 3. NMDS ordination at sampling spots

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图 4 各样品中细菌群落结构组成（门水平）

Figure 4. Bacterial community composition of water samples at phylum level

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 各样品中细菌群落结构组成（属水平）

Figure 5. Bacterial community composition of water samples at genus level

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 各样品优势菌物种丰度热图（属水平）

图中不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。图7同。

Figure 6. Heatmap of dominant bacteria in water samples at genus level

Data with different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at P＜0.05. Same for Fig. 7.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 循环系统各环节样品中的弧菌数量

Figure 7. Vibrio count in water at functional points of RAS

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表 1 循环水养殖系统不同环节的水质指标

Table 1. Water quality indicators for functional stages of RAS

样品 Sample	盐度 Salinity	pH	氨氮 NH₄⁺-N/ (mg·L⁻¹)	亚硝酸盐氮 NO₂⁻-N /(mg·L⁻¹)	硝酸盐氮 NO₃⁻-N /(mg·L⁻¹)	磷酸盐 PO₄³⁻-P /(mg·L⁻¹)
PTA1（养殖池进水）	32.8	7.82	＜0.001	0.393	26.80	0.521
PTA2（养殖池池水）	33.0	7.42	0.198	0.372	38.50	0.784
PTA3（养殖池出水）	32.9	7.42	0.679	0.202	58.60	0.794
PTA4（生物滤池池水）	33.1	7.53	0.080	0.416	26.20	0.652
PTA5（紫外消毒池池水）	32.6	7.41	＜0.001	0.364	30.00	0.656
PTA6（外源海水）	32.6	8.00	＜0.001	0.012	3.97	0.023

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表 2 不同样品细菌群落的多样性

Table 2. Microbial community diversity at sampling spots

样品 Sample	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	覆盖度 Good’s coverage	Shannon指数 Shannon index	Simpson指数 Simpson index	有效序列数 Sequence number	OUT数目 OUT number
PTA1	2091.47	0.99	8.21	0.99	83738	1663
PTA2	1960.78	0.99	7.02	0.97	95738	1460
PTA3	1769.79	0.99	7.32	0.98	71625	1318
PTA4	1973.03	0.99	8.01	0.98	51304	1588
PTA5	2213.58	0.99	7.72	0.98	48207	1487
PTA6	1976.76	0.99	7.73	0.99	55228	1170

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表 3 循环水养殖系统不同环节中优势菌的分布情况（属水平）

Table 3. Distribution of dominant bacteria at stages of RAS at genus level

优势菌 Dominant bacteria	优势菌的占比 The proportion of dominant bacteria/%
优势菌 Dominant bacteria	PTA1	PTA2	PTA3	PTA4	PTA5
不动杆菌属 Acinetobacter					1.14
海边杆菌属 Actibacter	2.40	1.42	1.48
Allobaculum属 Allobaculum				1.22	1.48
海水杆菌属 Aquimarina	1.81
芽孢杆菌属 Bacillus					1.33
拟杆菌属 Bacteroides			1.28	5.89	4.73
双歧杆菌属 Bifidobacterium					4.13
鲸杆菌属 Cetobacterium			6.61
艰难梭菌属 Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1	1.45	5.22	7.20	2.47	1.07
粪杆菌属 Faecalibacterium				1.03	1.08
克雷伯菌属 Klebsiella					1.02
乳杆菌属 Lactobacillus			1.21	4.75	8.98
列文氏菌属 Lewinella	1.33	1.55
Nautell属 Nautella		1.56
Persicirhabdus属 Persicirhabdus	3.35		1.02
发光杆菌属 Photobacterium	5.05	9.07	7.20	4.75	5.84
极化杆菌属 Polaribacter	1.01	1.41	3.76
普雷沃氏菌属 Prevotella				3.30	2.91
假交替单胞菌属 Pseudoalteromonas	3.84	14.10	6.36	8.06	5.52
玫瑰变色菌属 Roseovarius		1.37
Rubidimonas属 Rubidimonas		1.12
Rubritalea属 Rubritalea		1.27	1.38
鲁杰氏菌属 Ruegeria	5.22	4.01	4.24	1.00	2.25
亚硫酸杆菌属 Sulfitobacter		1.19
Sva0996海洋古菌属 Sva0996_marine_group	1.77
黄杆菌属 Tenacibaculum		1.51	1.80
深海菌属 Thalassobius		2.93	1.18
深海杆菌属 Thalassotalea	1.64	3.11	1.30	2.15	1.60
弧菌属 Vibrio	3.20	4.02	5.30	4.15	2.88

下载: 导出CSV

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