喷施不同叶面肥对枇杷果实品质的影响

蒲靖; 王巧梅; 金雪微; 王苗; 余国强; 孟银银; 王永清; 邓群仙; 张慧芬

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.06.012

喷施不同叶面肥对枇杷果实品质的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.06.012

四川农业大学园艺学院，四川　成都　611130

基金项目: 四川省科技支撑计划项目（2021YFYZ0023）；四川农业大学学科建设双支计划项目（035/2021993327）

详细信息

作者简介:
蒲靖（1997-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事热带和亚热带果树果实品质形成与调控研究（E-mail：pg7191127@163.com）

通讯作者:
张慧芬（1990-），女，博士，讲师，主要从事热带和亚热带果树果实品质形成与调控研究（E-mail：cheunghf@163.com）

中图分类号: S 663
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-12
- 录用日期: 2022-03-12
- 修回日期: 2022-04-25
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-20
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-28

Effect of Foliar Fertilizer Application on Loquat Fruit Quality

College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan　611130, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究喷施不同叶面肥对枇杷果实品质的影响，为生产栽培中改善果实品质提供技术支撑。方法以5-8-1枇杷为材料，在果实采前30d进行不同叶面肥（清水、氨基酸500倍液、微生物菌肥200倍液、0.6%磷酸二氢钾、0.1%钼酸铵和5 g·L⁻¹蔗糖）6种喷施处理，测定处理后枇杷果实色差、单果重、硬度、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、Vc、酚类物质、抗氧化活性等指标。结果与清水对照相比，5种叶面肥处理后均能提升枇杷的单果重、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、类胡萝卜素含量和糖酸比，同时降低可滴定酸的含量；除氨基酸处理外，对Vc含量也有显著性的提升；除磷酸二氢钾、钼酸铵处理外，果皮的a*、b*值也均有一定的提升。叶面肥喷施都显著性提升了枇杷果实总酚、总黄酮含量，其中以微生物菌肥提升的效果最明显；氨基酸、磷酸二氢钾、钼酸铵、微生物菌肥处理后的DPPH分别提高了20.92%、17.44%、17.10%、21.26%，FRAP分别提高了40.26%、40.56%、56.55%、68.05%。结论 5种叶面肥喷施处理均能在一定程度上提升5-8-1枇杷果实外在与内在品质，其中微生物菌肥200倍液的综合效果最佳。
- 叶面肥 /
- 枇杷 /
- 果实品质 /
- 抗氧化能力
Abstract: Objective To study the effect of spraying different foliar fertilizers on loquat fruit quality, and provide technical support for improving fruit quality in production and cultivation. o study the effect of Spraying Different Foliar Fertilizers on loquat fruit quality, and provide technical support for improving fruit quality in production and cultivation. Method On 5-8-1 loquat plants, solutions of foliar fertilizers (i.e., 500-fold dilution of an amino acid, 200-fold dilution of a microbial fertilizer, 0.6% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% ammonium molybdate, and sucrose at a 5 g·L⁻¹ application rate) and water as control were separately sprayed on the leaves 30 d before harvest. The individual weight, firmness, chromatic aberration, and contents of soluble solids, soluble sugars, titratable acid, vitamin C, and total phenols as well as antioxidant capacity of the loquat fruits at harvest were measured. Result The spraying of foliar fertilizers increased the loquat fruit weight, soluble solids, soluble sugar, carotenoids, and sugar-acid ratio but reduced the titratable acid as compared with control. Except for the amino acid, all applications also significantly increased the Vc content. And aside from the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium molybdate treatments, the spraying enhanced the peel colorimetric a* and b*. The microbial fertilizer significant increased total phenols and flavonoids in the fruit, while the amino acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium molybdate, and microbial fertilizer, respectively, produced 20.92%, 17.44%, 17.10%, and 21.26% higher DPPH and 40.26%, 40.56%, 56.55%, and 68.05% more FRAP over control. Conclusion The 5 foliar fertilizing agents tested in the study upgraded the loquat fruit quality to varying extends. Overall, the application using a 200-fold dilution of the microbial fertilizer was recommended.
- Foliar fertilizer /
- loquat /
- fruit quality /
- antioxidant activity

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图 1 不同处理对枇杷果实 Vc的影响

不同小写字母表示差异显著（ P＜0.05）；下同。

Figure 1. Effect of treatments on Vc content in loquat fruit

Data with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P＜0.05. Same for following figures.

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图 2 不同处理对枇杷果实类胡萝卜素的影响

Figure 2. Effect of treatments on carotenoids of loquat fruit

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图 3 不同处理对枇杷果实 DPPH的影响

Figure 3. Effect of treatments on DPPH of loquat fruit

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图 4 不同处理对枇杷果实 FRAP 的影响

Figure 4. Effect of treatments on FRAP of loquat fruit

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表 1 不同处理对枇杷果实色差的影响

Table 1. Effect of treatments on color of loquat fruit peel

处理 Treatment	L^＊值 L* value		a^＊值 a* value		b^＊值 b* value
处理 Treatment	果皮 Peel	果肉 Flesh	果皮 Peel	果肉 Flesh	果皮 Peel	果肉 Flesh
清水 Fresh water	68.14 ± 0.56ab	65.06 ± 0.20a	13.40 ± 0.37bc	12.54 ± 0.50a	50.25 ± 0.66ab	43.88 ± 1.06a
氨基酸 Amino acid	68.84 ± 0.65a	63.37 ± 0.46a	14.61 ± 0.56ab	12.50 ± 0.55a	52.02 ± 0.73a	42.10 ± 0.87a
磷酸二氢钾 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate	69.65 ± 0.50a	63.04 ± 0.90a	12.83 ± 0.58c	12.79 ± 0.46a	52.13 ± 0.53a	43.68 ± 0.94a
蔗糖 Sucrose	69.32 ± 0.56a	64.55± 0.94a	14.51 ± 0.42ab	12.46 ± 0.31a	50.42 ± 0.79ab	43.21 ± 0.68a
钼酸铵 Ammonium molybdate	66.28 ± 1.08b	62.86 ± 0.24a	13.93 ± 0.50abc	11.92 ± 0.45a	49.17± 1.11b	41.46± 0.86a
微生物菌肥 Microbial fertilizer	67.51 ±0.76ab	64.20 ± 0.45a	15.23 ± 0.59a	12.38 ± 0.42a	52.42 ± 0.89a	43.30 ± 0.76a
同列数据后不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）；下同。 Data with different lowercase letters on same column indicate significant difference at P＜0.05. Same for following tables.

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表 2 不同处理对枇杷果实品质的影响

Table 2. Effect of treatments on loquat fruit quality

处理 Treatment	单果重 Weight/g	硬度 Hardness/N	可溶性固形物含量 TSS/%	可溶性糖含量 Solublesugar/%	可滴定酸含量 Soluble acid/%	糖酸比 Sugar-acid ratio/%
清水 Fresh water	45.72 ± 0.89c	12.44 ± 0.55b	9.96 ± 0.08c	7.16 ± 0.08b	0.41 ± 0.00ab	17.68 ± 0.04c
氨基酸 Amino acid	51.90 ± 2.47b	12.36 ± 0.34b	10.49 ± 0.09bc	7.55 ± 0.24b	0.39 ± 0.00a	19.44 ± 0.65b
磷酸二氢钾 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate	50.34 ± 2.14bc	9.42 ± 0.36d	11.97 ± 0.30a	8.30 ± 0.23a	0.36 ± 0.00a	23.39 ± 0.71a
蔗糖 Sucrose	51.26 ± 1.27b	10.66 ± 0.31c	10.63 ± 0.27b	7.72 ± 0.15ab	0.38 ± 0.01ab	20.65 ± 0.43b
钼酸铵 Ammonium molybdate	49.76 ± 1.95bc	11.21 ± 0.61bc	11.09 ± 0.22b	8.25 ± 0.32a	0.37 ± 0.00a	22.94 ± 0.69a
微生物菌肥 Microbial fertilizer	58.32 ± 1.18a	14.12 ± 0.15a	10.66 ±0.21b	7.50± 0.64b	0.37 ± 0.00b	20.37 ± 0.17b

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表 3 不同处理对枇杷果实总酚、总黄酮、总黄烷醇的影响

Table 3. Effects of treatments on total phenols, flavonoids, and flavanols of loquat fruit

处理 Treatment	总酚 Total phenols/（mg·hg⁻¹）	总黄酮 Total flavonoids/（mg·g⁻¹）	总黄烷醇 The total flavanol /（mg·hg⁻¹）
清水 Fresh water	37.31 ± 0.50c	0.22 ± 0.00d	0.89 ± 0.03bc
氨基酸 Amino acid	45.50 ± 0.48b	0.28 ± 0.00a	1.03 ± 0.03ab
磷酸二氢钾 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate	44.25 ± 1.82b	0.26± 0.00b	1.02 ± 0.05ab
蔗糖 Sucrose	43.42 ± 0.48b	0.26 ± 0.01c	0.78 ± 0.05c
钼酸铵 Ammonium molybdate	38.69 ± 0.50c	0.22 ± 0.00d	1.17± 0.11a
微生物菌肥 Microbial fertilizer	52.31 ± 0.61a	0.28± 0.00a	1.21 ± 0.67a

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