荔枝杂交F<sub>1</sub>代群体部分枝叶性状的遗传变异分析

蔡汝鹏; 张蕾; 李芳; 姜成东; 李焕苓; 王家保

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.01.004

荔枝杂交F₁代群体部分枝叶性状的遗传变异分析

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.01.004

蔡汝鹏^{1, 2,},
张蕾³,
李芳²,
姜成东¹,
李焕苓²,
王家保^2, ,

1.
海南大学园艺学院，海南海口　570228
2.
中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部儋州农业环境科学观测试验站，海南海口　571101
3.
中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所，海南海口　571101

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFD1000900）；国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-32-01）

详细信息

作者简介:
蔡汝鹏（1997−），男，硕士研究生，研究方向：生物技术育种（E-mail：1239491687@qq.com）

通讯作者:
王家保（1974−），男，博士，研究员，研究方向：果树育种（E-mail：fdabo@163.com）

中图分类号: S 667.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-22
- 修回日期: 2022-11-27
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-08
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-28

Genetic Variations on Traits of F1 Litchi chinensis Leaves and Branches

1.
College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan　570228, China
2.
Environment and Plant Protection Institute/Danzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan　571101, China
3.
Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan　571101, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究荔枝枝叶性状在杂交群体中的分离规律和遗传变异特征，为荔枝杂交育种的亲本选配提供参考。方法对三月红（♀）×紫娘喜（♂）杂交的258株F₁代的复叶主轴长、叶柄长、叶面积、叶长、叶宽、叶形指数、鲜重、干重、比叶重、枝皮率等10个枝叶性状指标进行鉴定，分析各性状变幅、分布频率、变异系数及广义遗传力等。结果 10个表型数量性状变异系数的平均值为12.37%。叶面积的变异系数最大，为15.67%，其次是复叶主轴长（13.93%），最小为叶长（9.23%）。各指标测量值均呈正态分布。复叶主轴长、叶长、叶宽、鲜重、干重、叶面积、比叶重等F₁代平均值均高于亲中值，而叶柄长、叶形指数、枝皮率F₁代平均值均低于亲中值，说明基因重组可形成一定程度的非加性效应，导致超亲个体的出现。广义遗传力最高为叶柄长（0.87），其次是叶形指数（0.75），各指标广义遗传力平均值为0.45；叶宽性状在F₁代超高亲率最高，为99.22%；超低亲率最高为叶柄长，占比86.82%。结论荔枝枝叶性状在杂交群体中显示出较为广泛的变异，部分性状易受环境影响。
- 荔枝 /
- 三月红 /
- 紫娘喜 /
- 枝叶性状 /
- 遗传变异
Abstract: Objective The segregation and genetic variations on the traits of branches and leaves of F1 litchi hybrid population were examined for parent selection in cross breeding. [Methods] Ten branch and leaf characteristics, such as length of compound leaf and areas of petiole and leaves, of 258 F1 hybrids of Litchi chinensis Sonn. between Sanyuehong (♀) and Ziniangxi (♂) were examined. The amplitude, distribution frequency, coefficient of variation, and general heritability of the traits were determined and classified. Results The coefficients of variation on the 10 quantified phenotypic characteristics ranged from 9.23% to 15.67% with an average of 12.37%. Among the traits, leaf area had the highest coefficient at 15.67% followed by length of compound leaf at 13.93%, and the lowest, leaf length at 9.23%. All measured indices were normally distributed. The average spindle length, leaf length, leaf width, fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area, and specific leaf weight of compound leaves were higher than those of the parents, while the average petiole length, leaf shape index, and branch bark rate lower than those of the parents. It indicated that the gene recombination could, to some degree, give a non-additive effect leading to the emergence of F1 hybrids with traits surpassed those of the parents. The averaged general heritability on all traits was 0.45, with petiole length being the greatest at 0.87 and leaf shape index at 0.75. The greatest extremely high parentage rate at 99.22% was observed on leaf width, while the lowest of low parentage rate on petiole length that accounted for 86.82% of the F1 population. Conclusion The branch and leaf traits of litchi F1 hybrids varied widely. Some of the characteristics were easily affected by the environment.
- Litchi chinensis Sonn. /
- Sanyuehong /
- Ziniangxi /
- leaf and branch traits /
- genetic variation

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图 1 亲本及部分F₁代叶片

Figure 1. Leaves from parents and some F1 hybrids

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图 3 F₁代群体叶片性状和和枝皮率变化

Figure 3. Changes in leaf traits and branch bark percentage in F1 population

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图 2 三月红×紫娘喜F1代群体叶片性状和枝皮率频率分布

Figure 2. Frequency distribution of some leaf traits and cortex ratio of F1 Sanyuehong × Ziniangxi population

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表 1 三月红×紫娘喜F₁代叶片和枝皮率表型变异

Table 1. Genetic variations on leaf traits and cortex ratio in F₁ Sanyuehong × Ziniangxi population

指标 Index	亲本 Parents			F₁群体 F₁ population
指标 Index	母本 Female	父本 Male	亲中值 Mid-parent value	平均值± 标准差 $\overline { X}\pm { {S D} }$	变异系数 CV/%	广义遗传力 H²	超高亲比率 HH/%	超低亲比率 LL/%	双亲间比率 MM/%
复叶主轴长 Length of the compound leaf /cm	11.05±1.57	5.44±0.15	8.25	11.84±1.65	13.93	0.15	24.41	0	75.59
叶柄长 Length of petiole/mm	5.25±0.58	5.55±1.37	5.4	4.69±0.54	11.51	0.87	5.03	86.82	8.15
叶长 Length of leaflet/cm	11.18±0.65	8.69±0.63	9.34	11.49±1.06	9.23	0.27	61.24	1.16	37.6
叶宽 Leaf width/cm	3.22±0.22	2.74±0.26	2.98	4.02±0.41	10.22	0.59	99.22	0	0.77
叶形指数 Leaf index	3.47±0.07	3.22±0.04	3.35	2.88±0.31	10.76	0.75	2.71	85.65	11.64
鲜重 Fresh weight of leaflet/g	0.50±0.04	0.40± 0.06	0.45	0.65±0.08	12.31	0.55	98.44	0	1.56
干重 Dry weigth of leaflet/g	0.24±0.02	0.14±0.21	0.19	0.29±0.04	13.79	0.17	89.53	0	10.47
叶面积 Area of leaflet/cm²	23.40±2.71	17.04±3.12	20.4	31.78±4.98	15.67	0.55	98.07	0	1.93
比叶重 Specific leaf weight/(g·cm⁻²)	0.0101±0.0008	0.0081±0.0014	0.0091	0.0092±0.0012	13.38	0.43	25.21	16.27	58.52
枝皮率 Branch cortex rate/%	21.50±4.94	22.50±2.12	22	21.94±2.84	12.98	0.21	40.27	37.2	22.53

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