基于偏最小二乘判别分析研究铜藻液体肥对3种蔬菜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

周明炀; 付洋; 成立文; 曾美端; 曾庆淞; 郑毅

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.01.015

基于偏最小二乘判别分析研究铜藻液体肥对3种蔬菜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.01.015

周明炀^{1, 2,},
付洋¹,
成立文¹,
曾美端¹,
曾庆淞¹,
郑毅^{1, 2, ,}

1.
福建师范大学生命科学学院，福建　福州，350117
2.
福建师范大学工业微生物教育部工程研究中心，福建　福州　350117

基金项目: 福建省海洋高新产业发展专项项目（闽海洋高新〔 2015〕11号）

详细信息

作者简介:
周明炀（1999−），男，硕士研究生，研究方向：应用与环境微生物（E-mail：1263202739@qq.com）

通讯作者:
郑毅（1970−），男，博士，副教授，研究方向：微生物工程（E-mail：eyizheng@fjnu.edu.cn）

中图分类号: S 145.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-11
- 修回日期: 2022-08-12
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-06
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-28

Evaluation of Sargassum horneri Liquid Fertilizer for Vegetable Seed Germination and Seedling Growth

ZHOU Mingyang^{1, 2
,},
FU Yang¹,
CHENG Liwen¹,
ZENG Meiduan¹,
ZENG Qingsong¹,
ZHENG Yi^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350117, China
2.
Fujian Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350117, China

摘要

摘要: 目的铜藻为沿海常见的低质海藻，为实现铜藻高质利用，以新鲜铜藻为原料制备铜藻液体肥，研究其对上海青、黄瓜和番茄等3种蔬菜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响，并基于偏最小二乘判别分析（Partial least squares discriminant analysis，PLS-DA）探究铜藻液体肥增肥的生物学效应。方法采用酶法和发酵法2种工艺制备铜藻液体肥，并各设置5组稀释倍数（200倍、400倍、600倍、800倍和1000倍）进行种子萌发试验和幼苗盆栽试验。结果（1）种子萌发试验中，发酵法制备铜藻液体肥的200倍液、600倍液在上海青种子萌发上效果最佳，发芽指数较空白组显著提高11.8%，较两组阳性对照分别提高1.9%和1.3%；发酵制备的200倍液对黄瓜种子萌发影响最好，发芽指数较空白和两组阳性对照均显著提高，增幅分别达33.0%、21.0%和6.7%；发酵制备的1000倍液在番茄种子萌发上成效最佳，发芽指数较空白和两组阳性对照分别显著提升13.6%、14.4%和19.3%。（2）幼苗盆栽试验中，相关性分析结果表明各生长指标间普遍存在极显著正相关性，主成分分析（Principal component analysis, PCA）结果显示铜藻液体肥对3种蔬菜的影响作用各有差异，构建实验样品的PLS-DA模型分析不同制备方法的铜藻液体肥肥效并与阳性对照对比，结果表明发酵制备的400倍液对上海青幼苗促生效果最佳，各指标均显著高于阳性对照海藻肥，其中根鲜重提高最显著，增幅为144%；酶法制备的800倍液对黄瓜幼苗生长效果最好，各指标均显著高于阳性对照海藻肥，其中根长提高最显著，增幅为28%；发酵制备的600倍液对番茄幼苗作用效果最好，各指标均显著高于阳性对照海藻肥，其中株干重提高最显著，增幅为31%。结论铜藻液体肥具备很好的增肥生物学效应，发酵法制备的铜藻液体肥肥效普遍优于酶法制备，施用前者能提高种子萌发率，促进幼苗地上部分和地下部分的生长，以上结果为海藻液体肥的生产与应用提供科学数据。
- 铜藻液体肥 /
- 偏最小二乘判别分析 /
- 种子萌发 /
- 幼苗生长指标
Abstract: Objective Effects of the liquid fertilizer made from Sargassum horneri for vegetable seed germination and seedling growth were evaluated. Methods The liquid fertilizers prepared by either enzymatic digestion or fermentation of S. horneri, a low-quality seaweed commonly found in the coastal areas, in a gradient of concentrations were applied on bok choy (Brassica chinensis), cucumber, and tomato to determine the fertilization effects on the vegetable seed germination and subsequent seedling growth in a pot experiment. Data collected were statistically analyzed by the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA). Results (1) The 200x and 600x liquid fertilizer dilutions delivered the best effects on the germination of bok choy seeds with a significantly increased germination index by 11.8% over that of blank control and by 1.9% and 1.3% over those of two positive controls. On the germination of cucumber seeds, the 200x dilution had the best effect with a significantly higher index than that of blank control by 33.0% and 21.0% and by 6.7% over those of two positive controls. For the germination of tomato seeds, the 1,000x dilution performed best with a significantly increased index over that of blank control by 13.6% and by 14.4% and 19.3% over those of the two positive controls. (2) The growth indicators of the potted seedlings were significantly correlated. The effects of the liquid fertilizer on the growth of 3 vegetable categories varied, as shown by the principal component analysis (PCA). According to the PLSDA models, the fermented liquid fertilizer at 400x dilution was superior in promoting the growth of bok choy seedlings with all indices significantly higher than those of the positive control, especially, a 144% increase on fresh root weight. And at 600x dilution, the fermented liquid fertilizer had all indices on the tomato seedlings significantly higher than those of control and the highest dry plant weight that was 31% heavier than that of the positive control. In contrast, the enzymatically digested liquid fertilizer at 800x dilution was best for the growth of cucumber seedlings with significantly higher indices on all aspects than the positive control and 28% longer roots than the positive control. Conclusion TheS. horneri liquid fertilizers prepared by either fermentation or enzymatic digestion significantly promoted the seed germination and seedling growth of bok choy, cucumber, and tomato in a pot experiment. The fermented fertilizer was more effective than the enzyme-digested counterpart.
- Sargassum horneri liquid fertilizers /
- partial least squares discriminant analysis /
- seed germination /
- seeding growth index

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图 1 铜藻液体肥影响生长指标的主成分得分

M-1：上海青+酶解铜藻液体肥；M-2：黄瓜+酶解铜藻液体肥；M-3：番茄+酶解铜藻液体肥；J-1：上海青+酵解铜藻液体肥；J-2：黄瓜+酵解铜藻液体肥；J-3：番茄+酵解铜藻液体肥。

Figure 1. PCA plot on scores of S. horneri liquid fertilizer affecting vegetable growth indicators

M-1: B. chinensis + enzymatically digested S. horneri liquid fertilizer; M-2: cucumber + enzymatically digested S. horneri liquid fertilizer; M-3: tomato + enzymatically digested S. horneri liquid fertilizer; J-1: B. chinensis + fermented S. horneri liquid fertilizer; J-2: cucumber + fermented S. horneri liquid fertilizer; J-3: tomato + fermented enzymatically digested S. horneri liquid fertilizer.

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图 2 上海青幼苗生长指标的偏最小二乘法判别分析

CK：清水组；M：酶解铜藻液体肥；J：酵解铜藻液体肥。下图同。

Figure 2. PLSDA on bok choy seedling growth indices

CK: blank control; M: enzymatically digested S. horneri liquid fertilizer; J: fermented S. horneri liquid fertilizer. Same for following figures.

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图 3 上海青幼苗生长指标的Biplot图

X：各生长指标。下图同。

Figure 3. Biplot of bok choy seedling growth indices

X: seedling growth index. Same for following figures.

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图 4 黄瓜幼苗生长指标的偏最小二乘法判别分析

Figure 4. PLSDA on cucumber seedling growth indices

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图 5 黄瓜幼苗生长指标的Biplot图

Figure 5. Biplot of cucumber seedling growth indices

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图 6 番茄幼苗生长指标的偏最小二乘法判别分析

Figure 6. PLSDA on tomato seedling growth indices

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图 7 番茄幼苗生长指标的Biplot图

Figure 7. Biplot of tomato seedling growth indices

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表 1 不同铜藻液体肥对上海青种子萌发的影响

Table 1. Effects of S. horneri liquid fertilizers on bok choy seed germination

处理 Group	发芽率 Germination rate/%	发芽势 Germination potential/%	发芽指数 Germination index
CK	100.00±0.00 a	98.67±1.15 a	89.44±1.25 d
AC1	99.67±0.58 ab	99.33±0.58 a	98.11±1.4 ab
AC2	100.00±0.00 a	100.00±0.00 a	98.67±1.89 a
M200	100.00±0.00 a	97.33±2.52 ab	73.67±1.04 f
M400	100.00±0.00 a	100.00±0.00 a	94.67±2.02 bc
M600	99.67±0.58 ab	99.67±0.58 a	98.50±1.32 a
M800	100.00±0.00 a	95.67±3.21 b	83.94±1.44 e
M1000	100.00±0.00 a	97.67±2.31 ab	93.92±6.39 c
J200	100.00±0.00 a	100.00±0.00 a	100.00±0.00 a
J400	99.33±0.58 b	99.33±0.58 a	99.33±0.58 a
J600	100.00±0.00 a	100.00±0.00 a	100.00±0.00 a
J800	99.67±0.58 ab	99.33±1.15 a	99.44±0.96 a
J1000	100.00±0.00 a	100.00±0.00 a	99.50±0.50 a
表中数据为平均值±标准偏差；同列不同小写字母表示在0.05水平差异显著。下表同。 The data in the table are mean ± standard deviation; different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level. Same for following table.

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表 2 施用铜藻液体肥对黄瓜种子萌发的影响

Table 2. Effects of S. horneri liquid fertilizers on cucumber seed germination

处理 Group	发芽率 Germination rate/%	发芽势 Germination potential/%	发芽指数 Germination index
CK	98.33±0.58 ab	97.67±1.53 a	69.38±3.56 e
AC1	98.00±1.00 ab	97.67±1.53 a	76.28±1.09 d
AC2	97.33±1.53 ab	97.00±2.00 a	86.48±2.42 bc
M200	98.67±2.31 ab	98.00±1.73 a	90.18±3.35 ab
M400	97.67±0.58 ab	96.67±0.58 a	88.33±3.59 abc
M600	98.00±1.73 ab	97.33±1.15 a	77.72±2.45 d
M800	97.00±1.00 ab	96.00±2.00 a	86.86±4.00 bc
M1000	99.67±0.58 a	98.67±0.58 a	90.66±2.40 ab
J200	97.00±1.00 ab	96.33±0.58 a	92.30±2.35 a
J400	97.67±1.53 ab	97.00±1.00 a	83.26±2.45 c
J600	98.33±2.08 ab	97.67±1.53 a	84.44±0.64 c
J800	96.00±1.73 b	95.67±2.08 a	88.09±3.41 abc
J1000	97.00±2.65 ab	95.67±2.31 a	75.51±1.94 d

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表 3 施用铜藻液体肥对番茄种子萌发的影响

Table 3. Effects of S. horneri liquid fertilizers on tomato seed germination

处理 Group	发芽率 Germination rate/%	发芽势 Germination potential/%	发芽指数 Germination index
CK	89.00±2.65 cd	89.00±2.65 cd	27.26±1.82 bc
AC1	88.00±2.65 d	87.67±2.89 d	27.06±1.08 c
AC2	89.00±2.65 cd	87.33±4.16 d	25.96±1.52 cd
M200	92.33±3.21 bc	92.33±3.21 bc	31.96±0.53 a
M400	93.00±1.73 bc	92.67±2.08 bc	23.16±0.70 d
M600	98.00±1.73 a	98.00±1.73 a	25.25±1.46 cd
M800	92.67±3.79 bc	91.67±3.06 bcd	25.09±2.56 cd
M1000	91.00±0.00 bcd	91.00±0.00 bcd	25.05±2.93 cd
J200	92.33±0.58 bc	92.00±0.00 bc	30.75±0.28 a
J400	87.67±1.53 d	87.33±1.53 d	30.02±0.69 a
J600	90.33±0.58 cd	90.00±1.00 bcd	24.67±1.41 cd
J800	94.67±1.15 ab	94.00±2.00 b	29.85±1.88 ab
J1000	93.00±1.00 bc	93.00±1.00 bc	30.96±0.90 a

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表 4 幼苗生长指标相关性分析

Table 4. Correlation among seedling growth indicators

生长指标 growth indicators	株高 Plant height	根长 Root length	株鲜重 Fresh plant	根鲜重 Fresh root	株干重 Dry plant	根干重 Dry root weight	叶面积 Leaf area
株高 Plant height	1
根长 Root length	0.511**	1
株鲜重 Fresh plant	0.689**	0.916**	1
根鲜重 Fresh root	0.423**	0.972**	0.879**	1
株干重 Dry plant	0.695**	0.893**	0.985**	0.856**	1
根干重 Dry root weight	0.562**	0.951**	0.945**	0.938**	0.931**	1
叶面积 Leaf area	−0.088	0.752**	0.574**	0.800**	0.546**	0.684**	1
表示在0.05水平上显著相关，表示在0.01水平上显著相关。 and ** represented significant correlation (P＜0.05) and extremely significant correlation (P＜0.01) respectively.

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表 5 酵解400倍铜藻液体肥与阳性对照对上海青幼苗生长的影响

Table 5. Effects of 400x dilution of fermented S. horneri liquid fertilizer and positive control on growth of bok choy seedlings

处理 Group	株高 Plant height/cm	根长 Root length/cm	株鲜重 Fresh plant weight/g	根鲜重 Fresh root weight/g	株干重 Dry plant weight/g	根干重 Dry root weight/g	叶面积 Leaf area/cm²
AC1	3.342±0.007 c	4.427±0.046 b	0.406±0.002 c	0.047±0.000 c	0.019±0.000 b	0.010±0.001 b	0.503±0.007 c
AC2	3.579±0.032 b	4.669±0.097 b	0.423±0.001 b	0.058±0.002 b	0.020±0.000 b	0.011±0.000 b	0.676±0.006 b
J400	5.517±0.006 a	5.411±0.063 a	0.613±0.002 a	0.141±0.002 a	0.032±0.000 a	0.026±0.000 a	1.525±0.011 a

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表 6 酶解800倍铜藻液体肥与阳性对照对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响

Table 6. Effects of 800x dilution of enzymatically digested S. horneri liquid fertilizer and positive control on growth of cucumber seedlings

处理 Group	株高 Plant height/cm	根长 Root length/cm	株鲜重 Fresh plant weight/g	根鲜重 Fresh root weight/g	株干重 Dry plant weight/g	根干重 Dry root weight/g	叶面积 Leaf area/cm²
AC1	7.083±0.014 c	6.718±0.031 c	2.402±0.002 c	0.557±0.003 c	0.194±0.004 c	0.027±0.000 c	1.965±0.002 c
AC2	8.031±0.032 b	7.105±0.018 b	2.683±0.002 b	0.591±0.002 b	0.216±0.005 b	0.029±0.001 b	2.396±0.004 b
M800	9.860±0.024 a	9.095±0.015 a	3.077±0.004 a	0.681±0.001 a	0.266±0.002 a	0.036±0.001 a	2.998±0.004 a

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表 7 酵解600倍铜藻液体肥与阳性对照对番茄幼苗生长的影响

Table 7. Effects of 600x dilution of fermented S. horneri liquid fertilizer and positive control on growth of tomato seedlings

处理 Group	株高 Plant height/cm	根长 Root length/cm	株鲜重 Fresh plant weight/g	根鲜重 Fresh root weight/g	株干重 Dry plant weight/g	根干重 Dry root weight/g	叶面积 Leaf area/cm²
AC1	9.31±0.032 c	4.709±0.026 c	0.628±0.003 c	0.073±0.000 c	0.090±0.001 c	0.018±0.000 c	0.310±0.003 c
AC2	9.749±0.025 b	5.536±0.028 b	0.684±0.003 b	0.087±0.000 b	0.092±0.001 b	0.019±0.000 b	0.337±0.003 b
J600	10.486±0.021 a	6.367±0.030 a	0.799±0.001 a	0.112±0.001 a	0.121±0.000 a	0.024±0.000 a	0.395±0.000 a

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