不同稻田生态种养模式对土壤理化性质及综合肥力的影响

张晓龙; 杨倩楠; 李祥东; 陈静; 王超; 陈金洁; 张池; 刘科学

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.02.010

不同稻田生态种养模式对土壤理化性质及综合肥力的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.02.010

张晓龙^{1, 2,},
杨倩楠¹,
李祥东³,
陈静^{1, 2},
王超^{1, 2},
陈金洁^{1, 2},
张池⁴,
刘科学^{1, 2, ,}

1.
广州新华学院资源与城乡规划学院，广东　广州　510520
2.
广东省华南城乡经济社会发展研究院，广东　广州　510642
3.
广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所，广东　广州　510520
4.
华南农业大学资源环境学院/农业农村部耕地保育重点实验，广东　广州　510642

基金项目: 广东省自然科学基金项目（2021A1515011543）；广东省教育科学“十三五”规划项目（2020XJK116）；广州新华学院校级自然科学类重点项目（2020KYZD02）

详细信息

作者简介:
张晓龙（1995−）男，硕士研究生，主要从事土地资源与管理研究（E-mail：zxl1995cj@126.com）

通讯作者:
刘科学（1980− ）男，博士，副教授，主要从事土地整治与生态修复研究（E-mail：28257448@qq.com）

中图分类号: S511
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-25
- 录用日期: 2022-04-25
- 修回日期: 2022-07-28
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-28
- 刊出日期: 2023-02-28

Effects of Crop/Animal Co-cultivations on Physiochemical Properties and Fertility of Rice Paddy Soil

ZHANG Xiaolong^{1, 2
,},
YANG Qiannan¹,
LI Xiangdong³,
CHEN Jing^{1, 2},
WANG Chao^{1, 2},
CHEN Jinjie^{1, 2},
ZHANG Chi⁴,
LIU Kexue^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
College of Resources and Urban Rural Planning, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, Guangdong　510520, China
2.
Institute of South China Urban-Rural Economic and Social Development, Guangzhou, Guangdong　510642, China
3.
Institute of Ecological Environment And Soil, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong　510520, China
4.
College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, Guangdong　510642, China

摘要

摘要: 目的定量评价不同生态种养模式对稻田土壤理化性状及综合肥力的影响，以期为华南地区稻田生态种养模式的选择提供理论依据。方法通过主成分分析法定量评价稻鸭（RD）、稻鱼（RF）、稻虾（RS）3种生态种养模式和常规种植（CK）稻田模式的土壤综合肥力的差异，明确影响稻田土壤综合肥力的主要影响因子。结果不同生态种养模式均可有效降低土壤容重，提高土壤孔隙度，缓解土壤酸化，对提高土壤养分和有机碳含量也具有较为显著的效果，其中0–10 cm表层土壤的孔隙度、有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量均为RD最高或并列最高。土壤综合肥力主成分分析结果显示，0–10 cm表层土壤肥力得分排序为RD ＞ RF＞ RS ＞ CK，10–20 cm亚表层土壤为RD ＞ RF ＞ CK ＞ RS，并且土壤容重、有机碳、孔隙度、胡敏素碳、全氮和碱解氮为稻田土壤肥力的主要贡献性指标，全钾、pH、速效钾、全磷、富里酸碳、胡敏酸碳和有效磷为次要贡献性指标。结论整体来看，RD为培肥稻田土壤的最佳模式，RF其次，RS的效果较差。因此，华南地区稻田土壤培肥可将RD作为优先考虑的对象，或者结合现实情况合理选择其他生态种养模式。
- 生态种养 /
- 理化性质 /
- 土壤肥力
Abstract: Objective Effects of ecologically friendly co-cultivation of crops and animals on the physiochemical properties and fertility of soil on rice paddy fields were analyzed. Methods Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to study the effects on the soil of paddy fields in South China under 4 types of co-cultivation that combined rice-growing and duck-raising (RD), rice-growing and fish-aquaculture (RF), or rice-growing and shrimp-aquaculture (RS) in comparison to the conventional mono-crop practice on a rice paddy field (CK). Bulk density, porosity, acidification, and nutrient contents of the soil were determined. Result All co-cultivations significantly reduced bulk density, improved porosity, alleviated acidification, and increased contents of nutrients and organic carbon in the soil. Of the 3 methods, RD rendered the greatest porosity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the 0–10 cm surface paddy soil. The fertility scores on the co-cultivations as ranked by PCA were RD＞RF＞RS＞CK for the surface soil and RD＞RF＞CK＞RS for the 10–20 cm sub-surface soil. The primary factors contributing to the soil fertility included bulk density, organic carbon, porosity, humin carbon, total nitrogen, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, while the secondary factors, total potassium, pH, available potassium, total phosphorus, fulvic acid carbon, humic acid carbon, and available phosphorus. Conclusion On a paddy field, cultivating rice with ducks (RD), or fish (RF) as the second choice, effectively improved the soil conditions and fertility. Nonetheless, under specific local considerations such maneuver could also be combined with other means to achieve an ecologically beneficial rice farming in South China.
- Ecological crop/animal co-cultivation /
- physiochemical properties /
- soil fertility

HTML全文

图 1 不同生态模式对稻田土壤有机碳及其组分含量的影响

不同小写字母表示不同模式间差异显著（P＜0.05）。图2同。

Figure 1. Effects of ecological co-cultivations on content and composition of organic carbon in rice paddy soil

Data with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between co-cultivations (P＜0.05). Same for Fig. 2.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同生态模式对稻田土壤腐殖质结构特征的影响

Figure 2. Effects of ecological co-cultivations on humus in rice paddy soil

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 稻田共育品种、数量规格

Table 1. Co-cultivating animals, quantities, and specifications on rice paddy field

处理Treatment	共育品种Co-breeding variety
处理Treatment	品种Variety	数量Quantity	规格Specification
稻鸭RD	中山麻鸭	300 只·hm⁻²	200 g·只⁻¹
稻鱼RF	鲫鱼	6000 尾·hm⁻²	25.0 g·尾⁻¹
稻虾RS	克式原螯虾	777400 尾·hm⁻²	3.5 g·尾⁻¹
对照CK	无	无	无

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表 2 不同生态模式对稻田土壤机械组成、质地、土壤容重和孔隙度的影响

Table 2. Effects of ecological co-cultivations on structure, texture, bulk density, and porosity of rice paddy soil

处理Treatment		机械组成Mechanical composition			质地Texture	容重Bulk density/（g·cm⁻³）	孔隙度Porosity/%
处理Treatment		＜ 0.002 mm黏粒Clay /%	0.002～0.05 mm粉粒Silt/%	＞ 0.05 mm砂粒Sand /%	质地Texture	容重Bulk density/（g·cm⁻³）	孔隙度Porosity/%
0–10 cm	RD	2.53±0.09 a	70.79±0.66 c	26.67±0.69 b	粉（砂）壤土Silty (sandy) loam	1.30±0.01 d	53.53±0.24 a
	RF	2.33±0.09 a	83.47±0.21 a	14.20±0.20 d	粉（砂）土Silt (sandy) soil	1.32±0.01 b	50.67±0.34 c
	RS	2.19±0.05 a	68.61±0.12 d	29.21±1.12 a	粉（砂）壤土Silty (sandy) loam	1.31±0.01 c	52.64±0.13 b
	CK	2.36±0.17 a	79.17±0.10 b	18.47±0.20 c	粉（砂）壤土Silty (sandy) loam	1.33±0.01 a	49.83±0.01 d
10–20 cm	RD	2.49±0.12 a	73.25±0.19 b	24.26±0.20 b	粉（砂）壤土Silty (sandy) loam	1.33±0.01 b	49.48±0.46 b
	RF	2.06±0.15 b	87.73±0.14 a	10.20±0.16 d	粉（砂）土Silt (sandy) soil	1.34±0.01 ab	49.30±0.27 b
	RS	2.41±0.10 ab	66.80±0.35 c	30.78±1.38 a	粉（砂）壤土Silty (sandy) loam	1.34±0.01 ab	51.46±0.57 a
	CK	2.65±0.07 a	75.95±1.48 b	21.40±1.44 c	粉（砂）壤土Silty (sandy) loam	1.35±0.01 a	48.41±0.37 b
同列不同小写字母表示相同土层不同模式间差异显著（P＜0.05）。表3同。Data with different lowercase letters on same column indicate significant differences in same soil layers between different co-cultivations (P＜0.05). Same for Table 3.

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表 3 不同生态模式对稻田土壤pH和养分含量的影响

Table 3. Effects of ecological co-cultivations on pH and nutrients in rice paddy soil

处理Treatment		pH	全氮TNTotal nitrogen/（g·kg⁻¹）	全磷TPTotal phosphorus/ （g·kg⁻¹）	全钾TKTotal potassium/ （g·kg⁻¹）	碱解氮ANAvailable Nitrogen/(mg·kg⁻¹)	速效磷APAvailable phosphorus/(mg·kg⁻¹)	速效钾AKAvailable potassium/(mg·kg⁻¹)
0–10 cm	RD	5.47±0.02 b	0.97±0.05 a	0.70±0.04 a	7.77±0.17 a	104.43±1.00 a	93.27±0.65 a	120.00±0.58 a
	RF	5.00±0.04 c	0.81±0.02 b	0.68±0.03 a	6.63±0.26 b	95.19±1.09 b	81.37±1.07 b	106.67±1.67 b
	RS	5.74±0.01a	0.85±0.01 b	0.52±0.05 b	6.37±0.03 b	90.17±0.48 c	68.47±0.52 c	118.33±1.67 a
	CK	4.67±0.01 d	0.75±0.02 b	0.53±0.01 b	6.16±0.09 b	84.77±0.52 d	54.43±0.65 d	118.32±1.67 a
10–20 cm	RD	4.63±0.01 c	0.91±0.01 a	0.67±0.01 a	7.03±0.13 a	62.40±0.90 a	97.17±0.68 a	106.67±1.67 b
	RF	4.87±0.04 b	0.76±0.04 b	0.30±0.04 c	5.90±0.15 b	54.97±0.73 b	73.30±1.46 b	96.67±1.67 c
	RS	5.72±0.01 a	0.82±0.03 b	0.47±0.03 b	5.65±0.13 b	47.13±0.47 c	42.77±0.33 d	131.67±1.67 a
	CK	4.24±0.02 d	0.66±0.02 c	0.43±0.06 b	5.63±0.18 b	47.83±0.17 c	68.47±0.75 c	76.67±1.67 d

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表 4 肥力指标主成分分析

Table 4. PCA on soil fertility indicators

项目Item	主成分Principal component
项目Item	主成分1PC1	主成分2PC2	主成分3PC3
因子载荷Factor loading
Z₄−容重Bulk density（BD）	−0.97	−0.05	−0.15
Z₁₃−有机碳Soil organic carbon(SOC)	0.96	0.07	0.13
Z₅−孔隙度Porosity (SP)	0.94	−0.24	−0.07
Z₁₆−胡敏素碳Humin carbon(HMC)	0.91	−0.12	0.29
Z₇−全氮Total nitrogen(TN)	0.89	0.15	0.03
Z₉−全钾Total potassium (TK)	0.79	0.56	0.20
Z₁₀−碱解氮Alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen(AN）	0.75	0.24	0.36
Z₆−pH	0.75	−0.65	−0.10
Z₁₂−速效钾Available potassium (AK)	0.69	−0.45	−0.22
Z₈−全磷Total phosphorus (TP)	0.69	0.49	−0.04
Z₁₅−富里酸碳Fulvic acid carbon(FAC)	0.26	0.75	−0.37
Z₁₄−胡敏酸碳Humic acid carbon( HAC)	0.49	−0.73	0.26
Z₁₁−速效磷Available phosphorus(AP）	0.36	0.69	0.41
Z₂−粉粒Silt	−0.52	0.14	0.81
Z₃−砂粒Sand	0.53	−0.16	−0.81
Z₁−黏粒Clay	−0.01	0.63	−0.65
特征值Eigenvalues	8.07	3.36	2.46
贡献率Variance /%	50.42	20.99	15.39
累积贡献率Cumulative contribution/%	50.42	71.41	86.80

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表 5 不同生态模式稻田土壤肥力综合得分

Table 5. Comprehensive fertility scores of paddy soil under ecological co-cultivations

处理Treatment		第一主成分 ( F₁)The primary principal component		第二主成分得分( F₂) The secondary principal component		第三主成分得分( F₃)The third principal component		综合得分（F）Composite scores
处理Treatment		得分Scores	排名Ranking	得分Scores	排名Ranking	得分Scores	排名Ranking	得分Scores	排名Ranking
0–10 cm	RD	4.87	1	1.81	1	−0.08	2	6.60	1
	RF	0.53	3	−0.07	3	2.13	1	2.59	2
	RS	2.53	2	−1.74	4	−0.13	3	0.66	3
	CK	−1.30	4	0.65	2	−0.33	4	−0.98	4
10–20 cm	RD	0.07	2	1.99	1	−0.49	2	1.57	1
	RF	−2.65	3	−1.19	3	2.42	1	−1.42	2
	RS	0.10	1	−3.00	4	−2.11	4	−5.01	4
	CK	−4.16	4	1.56	2	−1.40	3	−4.00	3

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