长期施肥对赤红壤旱地有机质含量影响及其灰色预测研究

李娟; 张立成; 章明清; 张辉; 张永春

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.03.012

长期施肥对赤红壤旱地有机质含量影响及其灰色预测研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.03.012

李娟^1,,
张立成¹,
章明清^1, ,,
张辉²,
张永春²

1.
福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所，福建　福州　350013
2.
江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，江苏　南京　210014

基金项目: 福建省科技计划公益类专项（2021R1025005）；福建省高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目（XTCXGC2021009）；国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-10-B9）

详细信息

作者简介:
李娟（1977−），女，硕士，副研究员，研究方向：作物营养与施肥（E-mail：lj-95@163.com）

通讯作者:
章明清（1963−），男，博士，研究员，研究方向：作物施肥原理和技术（E-mail：zhangmq2001@163.com）

中图分类号: S156; S158
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-09
- 修回日期: 2023-02-01
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-28
- 刊出日期: 2023-03-28

Organic Matter Content and Its Grey Prediction in Latosolic Red Soil Affected by Long-Term Fertilization

1.
Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350013, China
2.
Agricultural Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu　210014, China

摘要

摘要: 目的阐明长期不同施肥处理对赤红壤旱地土壤有机质（SOM）含量的影响，为区域土壤培肥和高产稳产提供最佳养分管理依据。方法根据闽东南旱地花生-甘薯轮作制赤红壤连续16年化肥定位试验和14年化肥配施有机肥定位试验的历年SOM含量监测结果，探讨长期施肥下SOM含量动态变化，构建SOM灰色预测模型。结果与不施肥相比，施肥均能提高土壤SOM含量；化肥推荐施肥模式的SOM含量为（19.83±0.77）g·kg⁻¹，显著高于其他化肥处理；化肥配施有机肥可进一步提高SOM含量，尤其是配施农家腐熟猪粪的SOM达到（22.53±1.69） g·kg⁻¹，年递增速率是化肥推荐施肥的2.8倍。SOM灰色预测模型显示，不同施肥模式的拟合误差在1.226%～3.307%。不施肥模式的SOM含量变化趋势仍然处于下降状态；化肥推荐施肥模式的SOM趋势值为（20.220±0.002）g·kg⁻¹，在该试验点中排序第一；化肥配施有机肥均提高了SOM长期趋势值，尤其是配施农家腐熟猪粪的SOM趋势值达到（23.777±0.017）g·kg⁻¹，排序位居第一，显著高于该试验点的化肥推荐施肥模式。结论从SOM含量和未来含量趋势综合评价，化肥推荐施肥有利于提高赤红壤旱地SOM含量，在推荐施肥基础上配施有机肥尤其是配施农家腐熟猪粪的效果更佳。
- 赤红壤 /
- 长期施肥 /
- 土壤有机质 /
- 演化 /
- 灰色预测模型
Abstract: Objective Organic matter contents in the latosolic red soils under various long-term fertilization practices were measured to analyze the effects and to establish a prediction model for efficient management. Method Two long-term experiments were conducted on separate uplands in Fujian of peanut-sweet potato rotating cultivation fields with latosolic red soil. The designated lots were under either a continuous application of different chemical fertilizers for 16 years or of chemical/organic fertilizations for 14 years. Content of soil organic matters (SOM) was monitored, and a grey prediction model constructed based on the collected data. Result The fertilizations boosted SOM content in the soils in comparison to the lot without fertilizer application. The use of the Recommended Fertilizer (RF) increased the average SOM to (19.83±0.77) g·kg⁻¹, which was significantly higher than the applications of other chemical fertilizers. The content further increased to (22.53±1.69) g·kg⁻¹, i.e., 2.8 times of RF treatment on an annual basis, when the chemical/organic manure combination (RF+OM), especially the decomposed pig manure (RF+PM), was applied. The grey prediction model on SOM yielded fitting errors ranging from 1.226% to 3.307% for all fertilizations. While the predicted result of the non-fertilization was on a continuously downward trend, and the RF treatment increased to (20.220±0.002) g·kg⁻¹, which was superior to all other fertilizations using chemicals. More important, the long-term SOM would be on a increasing trend under chemical/organic fertilization, especially RF+PM that ranked the top among all treatments reaching the significantly higher level than RF at (23.777±0.017) g·kg⁻¹. Conclusion Based on the past records and the predicted trend on SOM, RF undoubtedly improved the fertility of the latosolic red soil. However, RF+OM, especially RF+PM, would bring even more impressive results, and thus deserved serious consideration for the agricultural practice in the area.
- Latosolic red soil /
- long-term fertilization /
- soil organic matter /
- evolution /
- grey prediction model

HTML全文

图 1 化肥定位试验的TPGM(1,1)模型对历年土壤有机质含量的模拟结果

Figure 1. Simulated SOM under chemical fertilizations in years using TPGM (1,1) model

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图 2 化肥配施有机肥定位试验的TPGM(1,1)模型对历年土壤有机质含量的模拟结果

Figure 2. Simulated SOM under chemical/organic fertilizations in years using TPGM (1,1) model

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 花生-甘薯轮作制长期定位试验设计方案

Table 1. Long-term fertilizeration experiment on fields of peanut-sweet potato rotating cultivation

试验点 Sites	处理 Treatments	花生施肥量 Fertilizer application rate on peanut/(kg·hm⁻²)				甘薯施肥量 Fertilizer application rate on sweet potato/(kg·hm⁻²)
试验点 Sites	处理 Treatments	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	有机肥 Manure	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	有机肥 Manure
化肥 Chemical fertilizer	对照 CK	0	0	0	—	0	0	0	—
	习惯施肥 FP	90	45	75	—	225	45	150	—
	推荐施肥 RF	75	60	90	—	180	45	225	—
	推荐施肥减氮 RF-N	0	60	90	—	0	45	225	—
	推荐施肥减磷 RF-P	75	0	90	—	180	0	225	—
	推荐施肥减钾 RF-K	75	60	0	—	180	45	0	—
化肥配施有机肥 Chemical and organic fertilizer	对照 CK	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	推荐施肥 RF	75	60	90	0	180	60	225	0
	推荐施肥+有机肥 RF+CM	50	40	60	1995	120	40	150	4140
	推荐施肥+猪粪 RF+PM	50	50	71	6585	120	35	177	15795
	推荐施肥+稻草 RF+S	50	57	38	2745	120	51	101	6600

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表 2 不同年限轮作体系中各施肥模式的土壤有机质含量

Table 2. SOM in soil of designed long-term experiment with varied fertilizations

试验点 Site	处理 Treatment	不同年限的土壤有机质含量 SOM content over experimental years/（g∙kg⁻¹）			平均 Average/（g∙kg⁻¹）	年均递增 Average annual increment/（g∙kg⁻¹）
试验点 Site	处理 Treatment	1～5年	6～10年	11～16年*	平均 Average/（g∙kg⁻¹）	年均递增 Average annual increment/（g∙kg⁻¹）
化肥 Chemical fertilizer	CK	17.41±0.60 c	17.45±0.36 d	16.05±0.43 e	16.91±0.76 e	−0.056
	FP	18.60±0.60 b	19.32±0.65 b	19.65±0.48 b	19.22±0.64 b	0.089
	RF	19.11±0.72 a	19.98±0.76 a	20.31±0.93 a	19.83±0.77 a	0.127
	RF-N	18.13±0.46 b	18.28±0.52 c	17.80±0.74 d	18.04±0.56 d	0.015
	RF-P	18.50±0.54 b	18.83±0.80 b	18.46±0.83 c	18.54±0.61 c	0.046
	RF-K	18.33±0.46 b	19.02±0.56 b	18.56±0.58 c	18.59±0.76 c	0.049
化肥配施有机肥 Chemical and organic fertilizer	CK	17.31±0.58 c	17.50±0.99 d	15.96±0.78 c	16.99±0.91 e	−0.009
	RF	18.23±0.64 b	18.84±0.63 c	20.32±1.06 b	19.04±1.09 d	0.137
	RF+CM	18.08±0.94 bc	20.89±0.95 b	21.11±0.96 b	19.95±1.63 c	0.202
	RF+PG	20.74±1.58 a	23.29±1.02 a	23.81±0.96 a	22.53±1.69 a	0.386
	RF+S	18.89±1.20 b	22.57±0.86 a	22.79±0.61 a	21.32±1.03 b	0.300
化肥配施有机肥定位试验的第3个时间段年限是第11～14年；年均递增率= (SOM均值–基础土壤SOM) /试验年限。 : 3^rd period chemical/organic fertilization from year 11 to year 14; average annual increase rate = (mean SOM – basic SOM in soil)/test duration, year.

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表 3 长期化肥不同施肥模式下土壤有机质动态的TPGM(1,1)模型拟合参数及其预测结果

Table 3. Fitting parameters and predicted values by TPGM (1,1) model for SOM under long-term chemical fertilizations

处理 Treatments	TPGM(1,1)模型参数 TPGM(1,1) model parameters			模拟误差 Fitting error/%	未来5年预测值 Predicted value in the next 5 years/(g·kg⁻¹)	预测值排序 Predicted value sorting
处理 Treatments	φ₁	φ₂	φ₃	模拟误差 Fitting error/%	未来5年预测值 Predicted value in the next 5 years/(g·kg⁻¹)	预测值排序 Predicted value sorting
CK	1.093	−1.708	19.499	2.180	15.020±0.567	6
FP	0.736	5.166	12.312	1.669	19.590±0.005	2
RF	0.665	6.773	10.487	1.826	20.220±0.002	1
RF-N	0.616	6.974	11.151	2.112	18.178±0.000	5
RF-P	0.595	7.580	10.371	2.274	18.723±0.000	4
RF-K	0.546	8.528	9.032	1.226	18.783±0.000	3

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表 4 长期化肥配施不同有机肥模式的土壤有机质动态TPGM(1,1)模型拟合参数及其预测结果

Table 4. Fitting parameters and predicted values by TPGM (1,1) model for SOM under long-term chemical/organic fertilizations

处理 Treatment	TPGM(1,1)模型参数 TPGM(1,1) model parameters			模拟误差 Fitting error/%	未来5年预测值 Predicted value in the next 5 year/（g·kg⁻¹）	预测值排序 Predicted value Sorting
处理 Treatment	φ₁	φ₂	φ₃	模拟误差 Fitting error/%	未来5年预测值 Predicted value in the next 5 year/（g·kg⁻¹）	预测值排序 Predicted value Sorting
CK	1.017	−0.417	18.383	3.307	15.864±0.197	5
RF	0.979	0.597	16.802	2.526	20.593±0.225	4
RF+CM	0.834	3.652	12.390	2.915	21.634±0.088	3
RF+PG	0.708	6.963	9.499	1.391	23.777±0.017	1
RF+S	0.785	5.031	10.506	2.412	23.223±0.063	2

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