减氮施肥结合修剪处理对百香果结果蔓生长及单株产量与品质的影响

刘智成; 欧雪婷; 陈瑶瑶; 严良文

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.06.010

减氮施肥结合修剪处理对百香果结果蔓生长及单株产量与品质的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.06.010

1.
龙岩市农业科学研究所，福建　龙岩　364000
2.
闽西职业技术学院，福建　龙岩　364021

基金项目: 福建省农业农村厅2021年特色现代农业发展专项-区市农科院所建设项目（闽财农指〔2021〕32号）；福建省农业引导性（重点）项目（2017N0049）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘智成（1982 —），男，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向：园艺作物育种、栽培与植保研究（E-mail：liuzc510@163.com）

通讯作者:
欧雪婷（1980 —），女，副教授，研究方向：园艺植物栽培研究（E-mail:19786748@qq.com）

中图分类号: S667.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-01-31
- 修回日期: 2023-04-18
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-28

Effects of Nitrogen-reducing Fertilization and Pruning on Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Passion Fruit Vine

1.
Longyan Institute of Agricultural Science, Longyan, Fujian　364000, China
2.
Minxi Vocational and Technical College, Longyan, Fujian　364021, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究减氮施肥措施并结合修剪处理对百香果生长、开花和结果以及单株产量与果实品质的影响，为合理使用氮肥并明确减氮施肥下选择适宜百香果枝蔓修剪的栽培措施提供技术支撑。方法以百香果品种台农1号为材料，2021—2022年在百香果大田采用单级结果蔓栽培模式，以100%氮肥施用量（240 kg·hm⁻²）和不修剪措施组合为对照（T1、CK），研究9种不同氮肥施用量和修剪强度措施组合（T1–T9）处理百香果定植苗，测定并分析了百香果结果蔓生长及单株产量与品质相关指标。结果合理减氮施肥和修剪措施组合能促进百香果结果蔓生长、开花和结果，增加单株产量，提高果实品质。与T1（CK）相比，80%氮肥施用量结合强修剪措施（T6）可使植株茎粗度、有效叶片数、花蕾数、开花数、坐果数、成花率和坐果率等7项指标值均显著增加，且均达到最高水平，同时使百香果结果蔓平均节间长度显著缩短了19.04%；减氮施肥结合修剪处理的百香果单株产量在2个试验年份均值较对照（CK）各表现显著差异（P＜0.05），其中T6处理百香果单株产量显著提高了71.74%，达到最高值，且单株结果数、平均单果重和中大果比率均达到最大，分别提高了48.90%、15.29%和1.65%，总糖含量和糖酸比值分别增加了25.89%和75.24%，酸含量降低了28.18%。结论百香果生产中，施用80%氮肥量，即氮施用量减少至192 kg·hm⁻²时，并采用定植苗生长枝条强修剪措施，可增加单株产量，并使百香果植株生长、开花和结果及品质达到最佳效果。
- 减氮施肥 /
- 修剪 /
- 百香果 /
- 结果蔓 /
- 单株产量
Abstract: Objective Effects of N-reducing fertilization combined with vine pruning on the growth, yield, and fruit quality of passion fruit plants were studied. Method A field test was conducted in two consecutive years on Tainong No. 1 passion fruit with the single-fruiting vine cultivation method under different N-reducing fertilizations in combination with varied pruning methods. Effects of regular N application at 240 kg·hm⁻² without pruning as control (T1) and 9 treatments using varied N-reducing fertilizations and vine pruning on the plant growth and fruit formation, yield, and quality were determined. Result From 2021 to 2022, the stem diameter and the numbers of effective leaves, floral buds, flowers, and successfully formed fruits were increased by the treatments. The use of 80% of the normally applied N fertilizer with pruning, T6 significantly improved those indices to the highest level among all treatments and control and shortened the average internode between fruits by 19.04%. The treatments significantly changed the average fruit yield per plant over control (P＜0.05) with the greatest increase of 71.74% delivered by T6. T6 also produced the highest number of fruits per vine, average individual fruit weight, and proportion of medium and large fruits with the increases of 48.90%, 15.29%, and 1.65%, respectively. And the fruits the vines bore were 25.89% higher on total sugars, 75.24% higher on sugar-acid ratio, and 28.18% lower on acid than they were under T1. Conclusion The 20% reduction on the use of N fertilizer (i.e., at the application rate of 192 kg·hm⁻²) along with severe branch pruning on a passion fruit vine could significantly improve the plant growth, flowering, and fruiting as well as the fruit yield and quality.
- Nitrogen fertilizer reduction /
- pruning /
- passion fruit /
- vine /
- yield per plant

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表 1 不同处理对百香果结果蔓生长、开花和结果指标的影响

Table 1. Effects of treatments on growth, flowering, and fruiting indices of passion fruits

处理 Treatment	茎粗 Stem diameter /mm	有效叶片数 Productive leaves/叶	平均节间长度 Mean panel length/cm	花蕾数 Flower buds number/个	开花数 Flowers number/朵	成花率 Rate of flowering/%	坐果数 Fruit setting number/个	坐果率 Fruit setting rate/%
T1（CK）	10.70±0.615 d	29.05±0.565 f	12.83±0.558 a	29.48±0.748 c	26.23±0.647 c	89.03±2.983 d	20.65±0.659 e	78.75±2.954 f
T2	11.96±0.593 c	32.27±0.899 c	12.30±0.477 b	30.83±0.693 a	27.52±0.792 d	89.28±3.129 d	22.88±0.825 d	83.22±3.564 d
T3	14.06±0.540 a	35.40±0.616 b	11.36±0.447 c	30.88±0.490 a	28.23±0.851 c	91.45±3.274 c	25.03±0.486 c	88.76±3.498 c
T4	10.85±0.463 d	32.27±0.710 c	12.27±0.576 b	30.87±0.536 a	26.07±0.578 c	84.46±1.754 e	20.78±0.555 e	79.76±2.406 ef
T5	12.18±0.545 b	35.52±0.792 b	11.21±0.494 c	31.00±0.451 a	28.72±0.691 b	92.64±2.107 b	26.60±1.464 b	92.68±5.392 b
T6	14.21±0.456 a	38.37±0.823 a	10.39±0.611 d	30.98±0.596 a	30.20±0.659 a	97.50±2.563 a	28.52±0.725 a	94.45±2.416 a
T7	8.77±0.480 f	29.10±0.573 f	9.30±0.570 d	30.35±0.732 b	19.58±0.619 f	64.57±2.660 g	15.80±0.605 g	80.78±4.373 e
T8	9.80±0.512 e	31.27±0.634 e	8.27±0.469 e	30.48±0.813 b	19.88±0.524 e	65.27±2.360 g	15.95±0.769 g	80.27±4.272 e
T9	10.70±0.486 d	31.73±0.821 d	7.17±0.520 f	30.83±0.693 a	21.88±0.524 d	71.02±2.622 f	17.92±0.696 f	81.92±3.708 d
表中均为2021–2022年度指标平均值，同列数据后不同小写字母表示在5%水平上存在差异性显著（P<0.05)。下同。 Data are averaged indicators obtained from 2021 to 2022; those with different lowercase letters on same column indicate significant differences at 5% level. Same for the following.

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表 2 不同处理对百香果单株产量及其构成相关指标的影响

Table 2. Effects of treatments on yield per plant and related indices of passion fruits

处理 Treatment	单株产量 Yield per plant/kg	单株结果数 Fruit number/个	平均单果重 Weight of per fruit/g	中大果比率 Medium fruit ratio/%
T1（CK）	1.38±0.044 e	19.23±0.593 e	71.78±0.481 e	94.69±0.514 e
T2	1.45±0.052 d	20.15±0.685 d	71.92±0.511 de	94.94±0.469 d
T3	1.70±0.046 c	22.65±0.606 c	75.07±0.466 c	95.52±0.414 c
T4	1.40±0.046 e	19.40±0.616 e	71.97±0.464 d	95.01±0.538 d
T5	1.93±0.064 b	24.32±0.770 b	79.36±0.514 b	95.74±0.402 b
T6	2.37±0.060 a	28.63±0.712 a	82.76±0.651 a	96.25±0.574 a
T7	0.95±0.039 h	15.03±0.610 h	63.43±0.419 h	93.42±0.570 g
T8	1.02±0.041 g	15.58±0.619 g	65.45±0.486 g	93.52±0.469 g
T9	1.17±0.050 f	17.20±0.708 f	67.94±0.521 f	94.11±0.597 f

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表 3 不同处理对百香果品质的影响

Table 3. Effects of treatments on quality of passion fruits

处理 Treatment	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids/%	总糖 Total sugar content/%	总酸 Total acid content/%	糖酸比 Sugar-acid ratio
T1（CK）	16.24±0.509 c	7.68±0.244 d	4.29±0.058 a	1.79±0.024 e
T2	16.76±0.571 b	9.45±0.328 b	3.77±0.115 b	2.51±0.142 b
T3	17.42±0.568 a	9.66±0.030 a	3.07±0.028 f	3.15±0.031 a
T4	16.00±0.460 d	7.68±0.021 d	4.33±0.062 a	1.78±0.027 e
T5	16.04±0.476 d	8.72±0.394 c	3.60±0.240 c	2.50±0.187 b
T6	17.29±0.589 a	9.67±0.033 a	3.08±0.026 f	3.14±0.025 a
T7	14.36±0.580 f	6.17±0.031 g	3.28±0.032 d	1.88±0.023 c
T8	14.53±0.486 f	6.65±0.033 f	3.18±0.031 e	2.09±0.024 c
T9	14.73±0.543 e	6.90±0.028 e	3.05±0.029 f	2.26±0.024 c

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