柳杉毛虫成虫触角的超微形态与性别差异

梁运; 周友军; 吴红敏; 陈登建; 吴淑梅; 张珠河; 梁光红

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.06.013

柳杉毛虫成虫触角的超微形态与性别差异

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.06.013

1.
福建农林大学林学院，福建　福州　350002
2.
宁德市古田县林业局，福建　宁德　352100
3.
福州市林业局森防站，福建　福州　350002

基金项目: 福建省科技计划引导性项目（2021N0002）；福建省林业科技推广项目（2023TG16）；福州市林业科学技术研究项目[榕财农（指）〔2022〕81号]；国家自然科学基金项目（31870641）

详细信息

作者简介:
梁运（1997 —），男，硕士研究生，研究方向：森林昆虫学（E-mail：1200429003@fafu.edu.cn）

通讯作者:
梁光红（1975 —），男，教授，博士生导师，研究方向：森林昆虫学（E-mail：fjlhg@126.com）

中图分类号: S763.42+1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-01
- 修回日期: 2023-05-24
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-02
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-28

Morphological Differentiations on Antennae of Male and Female Dendrolimus houi

1.
Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
2.
Gutian County Forestry Bureau, Ningde, Fujian　352100, China
3.
Forest Protection Station, Fuzhou Foresty Bureau, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究柳杉毛虫成虫雌雄个体触角超微形态及性别差异，为研究柳杉毛虫不同寄主的搜索、定位能力以及化学感知机制差异奠定基础。方法利用扫描电子显微镜对初羽化雌雄成虫的触角普通形态以及超微形态进行观察与比较。结果柳杉毛虫雌雄成虫的触角均为黄褐色，雄蛾羽毛状，雌蛾短栉齿状；雌雄成虫共有6类13种感器，包括毛形感器2种、锥形感器1种、刺形感器3种、栓锥形感器3种、腔锥形感器2种、Bőhm氏鬃毛2种。成虫触角感器具有性二型现象，主要表现为锥形感器为雌蛾触角特有，毛形感器 Ⅱ 型为雄蛾触角特有；此外，雄蛾触角侧枝腹面毛形感器 Ⅰ 型排列较整齐，在长度、数量上与雌蛾差异显著（P＜0.05），通常6~8根排成一排，中间间隔处散布1~2根毛形感器 Ⅱ 型，而雌成虫侧枝腹面毛形感器 Ⅰ 型排列则无规律。结论柳杉毛虫雌雄成虫触角在普通形态上大体相似，但在侧枝的长度以及宽度上存在显著差异；二者多数感器在类型、结构与数量上相同，但锥形感器和毛形感器 Ⅱ 型分别是雌雄成虫各自特有的感器，并在感器类型及数量上具有显著差异，可能在其寄主与配偶定位、产卵等方面发挥重要作用。
- 柳杉毛虫 /
- 触角感器 /
- 超微形态 /
- 性别差异
Abstract: Objective Antennae of Dendrolimus houi were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the morphological differences that might relate to functional differentiations between the male and female moths. Methods SEM images of the antennae of newly emerged male and female D. houi were obtained for an ultrastructural comparison. Results The yellowish brown antennae of the male pine moths had a feather-like appearance, while that of the female resembled a short-tooth-comb. They both had 13 distinctive types of sensilla in 6 classifications including 2 sensilla trichodea, 1 sensilla basiconica, 3 sensilla chaetica, 3 sensilla styloconica, 2 sensilla coeloconica, and 2 Bőhm bristles. The sexual dimorphism on adult D. houi was evident by the sensilla basiconica of the females and the sensilla trichodea Ⅱ of the males shown on the antenna surface. In addition, there were more numerous and longer 6-8 sensilla trichodea Ⅰ that were orderly aligned in a row with 1-2 sensilla trichodea Ⅱ in between on the abdomen of the lateral branches of the male antenna than those of the female organ (P＜0.05). Conclusion The ultrastructure of the moth antennae revealed by SEM displayed the significant differences between the male and female D. houi on the length and quantity of the lateral branch sensilla trichodea Ⅰ. The fact that sensilla basiconica existed only on the female moths and the sensilla trichodea Ⅱ exclusively on the male adults might be indicative of distinctive roles of them in host-selection, mating behavior, or other biological functions of the insect species.
- Dendrolimus houi (Lajonquiere) /
- antennal sensilla /
- ultra-morphology /
- sexual differentiation

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图 1 柳杉毛虫成虫触角形态

A-雄蛾触角；B-雌蛾触角。

Figure 1. Morphology of adult D. houi antenna

A: male antenna; B: female antenna.

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图 2 柳杉毛虫触角感器超微结构

ST:毛形感器；SB:锥形感器；SCH: 刺形感器；SST: 栓锥形感器；SCO: 腔锥形感器；BB: Bőhm氏鬃毛。

Figure 2. Ultrastructure of sensilla on antennae of D. houi

ST: Sensilla trichodea; SB: sensilla basiconica; SCH: sensilla chaetica; SST: sensilla styloconica; SCO: sensilla coeloconica; BB: Bőhm bristles.

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表 1 柳杉毛虫触角结构

Table 1. Structure of D. houi antenna

成虫性别 Adult sex	触角长度 Antennal length	鞭亚节 Flagellate nodes		侧枝 Lateral branch
成虫性别 Adult sex	触角长度 Antennal length	长度 length/μm	数量 number	长度 length/μm	宽度 width/μm
雌 Male	14.78±1.21 a	152.65±6.48 a	77.00±2.24 a	821.17±139.46b	71.83±4.88 a
雄 Female	15.34±0.61 a	173.50±7.19 a	78.71±2.12 a	1803.76±133.12 a	64.27±4.61 b
表中数据为平均值±标准差，同列数据后不同小写字母表示同一触角特征数据在雌雄间差异显著（P＜0.05，t 检验）,下同。 Datas are mean ± standard deviation; those with different lowercase letters on same column indicate significant difference on traits of male and female antennae (P＜0.05, t test). Same for below.

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表 2 柳杉毛虫触角不同类型感器形态

Table 2. Sensilla morphology of D. houi antennae

感器类型 Sensilla type	性别 Sensilla type	长度 Length/μm	基部直径 Base diameter/μm	腔直径 Cavity diameter/μm	感器总数 Total number
毛形感器 Ⅰ 型（ ST Ⅰ）	♀	42.23±3.28 b	3.74±0.24 b	—	39278.24±4266.80 b
毛形感器 Ⅰ 型（ ST Ⅰ）	♂	88.64±7.10 a	4.79±0.13 a	—	62745.91±9411.59 a
毛形感器 Ⅱ 型（ST Ⅱ）	♀	—	—	—	—
毛形感器 Ⅱ 型（ST Ⅱ）	♂	29.70±3.60	2.83±0.07	—	18580.36±1725.42
锥形感器（SB）	♀	58.02±5.89	3.06±0.24	—	249.14±10.19
锥形感器（SB）	♂	—	—	—	—
刺形感器（SCH）	♀	75.09±2.60 a	8.40±0.38 a	—	281.57±6.07 a
刺形感器（SCH）	♂	72.53±2.23 b	7.40±0.31 b	—	283.00±6.78 a
栓锥形感器（SST）	♀	66.70±6.25 a	12.94±1.28 a	—	121.29±4.20 a
栓锥形感器（SST）	♂	64.24±3.19 a	13.44±1.02 a	—	123.17±4.36 a
腔锥形感器（SCO）	♀	—	—	12.69±1.19 a	1252.53±201.71 a
腔锥形感器（SCO）	♂	—	—	14.85±0.49 b	1217.38±210.94 a
Bőhm氏鬃毛 Ⅰ 型（BB Ⅰ）	♀	73.6±4.68 a	3.45±0.18 b	—	—
Bőhm氏鬃毛 Ⅰ 型（BB Ⅰ）	♂	71.90±4.24 a	4.17±0.24 a	—	—
Bőhm氏鬃毛 Ⅱ 型（BB Ⅱ）	♀	47.61±3.63 a	4.06±0.13 a	—	—
Bőhm氏鬃毛 Ⅱ 型（BB Ⅱ）	♂	52.34±2.27 b	3.95±0.51 a	—	—

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