马蔺不同花期挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

朱莹; 孙俊明; 娄倩; 陈红武

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.07.004

马蔺不同花期挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.07.004

朱莹^1,,
孙俊明²,
娄倩²,
陈红武^2, ,

1.
北京市植物园管理处，北京 100093
2.
西北农林科技大学园艺学院，陕西　杨凌　712100

基金项目: 北京市公园管理中心科技项目（ZX2019010、ZX2023011）

详细信息

作者简介:
朱莹（1973 —），女，硕士，教授级高级工程师，主要从事园林植物栽培及繁育工作，E-mail：873872972@qq.com

通讯作者:
陈红武（1970 —），男，硕士，副教授，主要从事观赏植物资源与应用研究，E-mail： ylchhw1971@nwafu.edu.cn)

中图分类号: S682.1+9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-13
- 修回日期: 2023-03-15
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-06
- 刊出日期: 2023-07-28

GC-MS Analysis on Volatiles of Iris lactea var. chinensis at Different Flowering Stages

1.
Beijing Botanical Garden, Beijing　100093, China
2.
College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China

摘要

摘要: 目的检测马蔺[Iris lactea var. chinensis（Fisch.） Koidz.]不同花期的挥发性成分，探索其挥发性成分的释放规律，为花香机理研究和育种工作提供理论依据。方法以花蕾期、盛花期、衰败期的马蔺花朵为材料，采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用（HS-SPME-GC-MS）分析其挥发性成分。结果 3个时期共检测出69种化合物，挥发性成分总释放量呈递增趋势，物质种类以酮类、烯烃类、醛类为主，其次为醇类、酯类，而烷烃类、苯环类、含氮化合物含量较少。花蕾期的主要成分是己醛、环己酮、甲基庚烯酮、β-鸢尾酮，盛花期的主要成分是己醛、（−）-β-蒎烯、甲基庚烯酮，衰败期的主要成分是（−）-β-蒎烯、甲基庚烯酮、己醛、苯乙醇、环己酮。正交偏最小二乘判别分析表明3-甲基庚烷、甲基庚烯酮、（−）-β-蒎烯、正己酸乙酯、2-蒎烯、3-蒈烯、芳樟醇、苯乙醇、癸酸乙酯、β-鸢尾酮是马蔺不同花期的差异挥发性成分。香气活力值（Odor activity value，OAV）表明：2-甲氧基-3-仲丁基吡嗪、正己酸乙酯、芳樟醇、壬醛、己醛、反式-2-壬烯醛是马蔺的特征香气成分，其中2-甲氧基-3-仲丁基吡嗪的OAV极显著大于其他化合物（P＜0.01），是马蔺的主要呈香物质。结论马蔺不同花期的挥发性成分差异明显，衰败期是香气最强的时期，己醛、甲基庚烯酮、环己酮、苯乙醇是马蔺的主要挥发性成分。
- 马蔺 /
- 花期 /
- 挥发性成分 /
- 气相色谱-质谱联用
Abstract: Objective Floral fragrance and release of Iris at different stages were analyzed using GC-MS. Methods Volatiles in the flowers of Iris lactea var. chinensis (Fisch.) Koidz at budding, blooming, and fading stages were determined by HS-SPME-GC-MS. Result The analysis identified 69 distinct aromatics. The continuously released volatiles in the entire flowering period were mainly ketones, terpenes, and aldehydes. There were also alcohols, esters, as well as in smaller quantities of alkanes, benzenoids, and nitrogenous compounds. At different flowering stages, hexanal, cyclohexanone, 5-hepten-2-one, 6-methyl- and β−irone were detected in the buds, hexanal, (−)-β−pinene, and 5-hepten-2-one, 6-methyl- in the blooms, and (-)-β−pinene, 5-hepten-2-one, 6-methyl-, hexanal, phenylethyl alcohol, and cyclohexanone in the fading flowers. The OPLS-DA showed differentiations on heptane, 3-methyl-, 5-hepten-2-one, 6-methyl-, (−)-β−pinene, hexanoic acid, ethyl ester, α−pinene, 3-carene, linalool, phenethyl alcohol, decanoic acid, ethyl ester, and β−irone at these stages. The calculated odor activity values (OAVs) on pyrazine, 2-methoxy-3-(1-methylpropyl)-, hexanoic acid, ethyl ester, linalool, nonanal, hexanal, 2-nonenal, and (E)- indicated that these were the characteristic aromatic substances of I. lactea var. chinensis and that pyrazine and 2-methoxy-3-(1-methylpropyl)- significantly greater in quantity (P＜0.01). Conclusion For the first time, the chemical composition of the fragrance of I. lactea var. chinensis flowers was analyzed, and compounds identified in detail. The released volatiles differed significantly during the floral development. It was at the fading stage when the fragrance peaked with the major aromatic contributors including hexanal, 5-hepten-2-one, 6-methyl-, cyclohexanone, and phenethyl alcohol.
- Iris lactea var. chinensis (Fisch.) Koidz /
- flowering period /
- volatiles /
- GC-MS

HTML全文

图 1 马蔺不同花期的挥发性成分分类

S1-S3分别表示花蕾期、盛花期、衰败期。

Figure 1. Classification of volatiles in I. lactea var. chinensis at flowering stages

S1-S3: budding, blooming, and decaying stages, respectively.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 马蔺不同花期的OPLS-DA

A：得分图；B：置换验证；C：VIP结果，数字编号参考表1。

Figure 2. OPLS-DA of I. lactea var. chinensis at flowering stages

A: score plot; B: replacement verification; C: VIP results with codes referred to those on Table 1.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 马蔺不同花期的香气活力值

饼状图由内到外依次为S1、S2、S3。数字编号参考表1。

Figure 3. OAVs of I. lactea var. chinensis at flowering stages

S1, S2, and S3 represent flowering stages from inside out on a pie chart. The codes reference table 1.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 马蔺不同花期的挥发性成分和含量

Table 1. Aromatics in I. lactea var. chinensis at flowering stages

编号 Code	保留时间 Retention time/min	化合物 Compound	含量 Content/（µg·kg⁻¹）
编号 Code	保留时间 Retention time/min	化合物 Compound	花蕾期 S1	盛花期 S2	衰败期 S3
1	4.18	2,3-二甲基戊烷 Pentane, 2,3-dimethyl-	—	—	0.06±0.02
2	4.26	环戊酮 Cyclopentanone	5.24±2.15 a	1.49±0.19 b	—
3	4.46	2,5-二甲基己烷 Hexane, 2,5-dimethyl-	—	—	1.91±1.52
4	4.56	1-戊醇1-Pentanol	0.68±0.26 a	2.05±0.81 a	2.52±1.84 a
5	4.71	2-甲基丁酸甲酯 Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester	—	0.69±0.15 a	0.99±1.11 a
6	5.43	己醛 Hexanal	69.55±40.44 a	113.68±37.47 a	127.41±41.84 a
7	5.89	3-甲基庚烷 Heptane, 3-methyl-	1.56±1.41 b	2.77±3.71 b	19.59±13.82 a
8	7.02	环己酮 Cyclohexanone	56.82±17.18 a	44.19±28.95 a	71.79±37.74 a
9	7.29	壬烷 Nonane	—	—	2.25±1.32
10	7.43	环己醇 Cyclohexanol	—	6.17±8.64 a	1.36±1.83 a
11	7.53	正己醇 1-Hexanol	3.54±1.50 a	34.05±30.59 a	16.32±27.58 a
12	8.18	1,2-二甲苯 1,2-Xylene	0.09±0.07 b	—	0.30±0.29 a
13	8.52	庚醛 Heptanal	0.75±0.23 a	0.95±0.29 a	2.57±3.84 a
14	10.35	环己烷基甲醛 Cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde	1.52±1.78 a	2.81±1.47 a	—
15	10.46	间乙基甲苯 Benzene, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-	—	—	0.47±0.33
16	11.24	甲基庚烯酮 5-Hepten-2-one, 6-methyl-	53.19±6.64 b	59.20±26.86 b	128.76±35.71 a
17	11.39	（−）-β-蒎烯 (−)-β-Pinene	—	142.38±102.90 a	168.58±108.20 a
18	11.41	月桂烯 β-Myrcene	22.40±15.64 a	30.70±40.27 a	—
19	11.5	均三甲苯 Mesitylene	0.12±0.07 b	—	0.21±0.12 a
20	11.7	正己酸乙酯 Hexanoic acid, ethyl ester	—	20.62±11.13 a	4.86±6.50 b
21	11.74	癸烷 Decane	0.74±0.27 a	—	2.08±1.53 a
22	11.85	正辛醛 Octanal	2.56±2.31 a	2.04±0.64 a	2.61±1.47 a
23	12.54	4-异丙基甲苯 p-Cymene	—	—	0.30±0.03
24	12.69	2-乙基己醇 1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-	0.57±0.54 a	—	0.60±0.22 a
25	12.72	桉叶油醇 Eucalyptol	0.15±0.01	—	—
26	12.94	2-蒎烯 α-Pinene	—	28.27±15.30 a	35.96±20.04 a
27	13.17	苯乙醛 Benzeneacetaldehyde	—	1.86±0.12 b	5.05±1.26 a
28	13.21	3-蒈烯 3-Carene	14.70±12.33	—	—
29	13.55	萜品烯 γ-Terpinene	—	0.65±0.16 a	0.56±0.56 a
30	14.01	顺-α,α-5-三甲基-5-乙烯基四氢化呋喃-2-甲醇 Linalool oxide	—	—	0.85±0.39
31	14.07	1-辛醇 1-Octanol	0.28±0.06	—	—
32	14.31	对二乙苯 Benzene, 1,4-diethyl-	—	—	1.57±1.89
33	14.92	芳樟醇 Linalool	3.82±1.78 b	15.28±3.95 a	17.86±10.53 a
34	15.06	壬醛 Nonanal	17.90±12.85 a	15.71±4.51 a	24.60±14.64 a
35	15.33	苯乙醇 Phenethyl alcohol	15.28±5.04 b	32.67±23.32 ab	58.63±41.87 a
36	15.86	邻甲基苯乙酮 Ethanone, 1-(2-methylphenyl)-	—	—	5.51±5.45
37	16.77	反式-2-壬烯醛 2-Nonenal, (E)-	—	2.31±0.98	—
38	16.89	2-甲氧基-3-仲丁基吡嗪 Pyrazine, 2-methoxy-3-(1-methylpropyl)-	2.56±1.26 a	7.59±2.69 a	10.39±9.60 a
39	17.15	1-壬醇 1-Nonanol	0.24±0.22 b	0.69±0.41 a	—
40	17.76	水杨酸甲酯 Methyl salicylate	7.33±10.37	—	—
41	17.81	辛酸乙酯 Octanoic acid, ethyl ester	1.46±1.54 b	8.78±5.83 a	2.50±1.74 b
42	17.93	十二烷 Dodecane	0.75±0.04 a	0.63±0.29 a	0.79±0.17 a
43	18.11	癸醛 Decanal	6.40±3.72 a	3.87±0.67 a	7.42±6.12 a
44	18.47	β-环柠檬醛 β-Cyclocitral	0.43±0.41 ab	0.10±0.08 b	1.10±0.95 a
45	19.28	1,3-二叔丁基苯 Benzene, 1,3-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-	1.31±1.63 a	0.80±0.88 a	1.65±1.72 a
46	20.14	(+)-异薄荷醇 (1S,2R,5R)-(+)-Isomenthol	0.05±0.04	—	—
47	20.6	甲基壬基甲酮2-Undecanone	—	—	0.38±0.05
48	20.63	壬酸乙酯 Nonanoic acid, ethyl ester	—	0.26±0.04	—
49	20.98	十一醛 Undecanal	0.25±0.28	—	—
50	21.39	癸酸甲酯 Decanoic acid, methyl ester	1.02±0.49 a	0.88±0.66 a	—
51	23.28	癸酸乙酯 Decanoic acid, ethyl ester	5.07±5.04 a	31.26±28.24 a	4.49±2.95 a
52	23.43	十四烷 Tetradecane	0.42±0.26 a	0.67±0.13 a	0.69±0.28 a
53	23.69	月桂醛 Dodecanal	0.57±0.50 a	—	0.06±0.02 b
54	24.51	异丁酸苯乙酯 Benzylcarbinol isobutyrate	—	—	1.46±1.21
55	24.63	香叶基丙酮 Geranyl acetone	1.55±2.32	—	—
56	24.76	石竹烯 Caryophyllene	—	0.48±0.26	—
57	25.67	异戊酸苯乙酯 β-Phenylethyl isovalerate	1.13±1.08 a	12.25±3.92 a	10.76±13.15 a
58	25.79	2-十三烷酮 2-Tridecanone	—	0.54±0.18 a	0.38±0.00 b
59	25.88	正十五烷 Pentadecane	0.93±0.95 a	0.29±0.15 b	0.32±0.12 b
60	26	β-鸢尾酮 β-Irone	38.42±10.40	—	—
61	26.12	十三醛 Tridecanal	0.32±0.29 a	0.39±0.45 a	—
62	26.37	月桂酸甲酯 Dodecanoic acid, methyl ester	1.19±0.53 a	0.74±0.10 ab	0.50±0.33 b
63	27.64	月桂酸乙酯 Dodecanoic acid, ethyl ester	3.21±1.46 a	13.55±12.97 a	2.17±2.34 a
64	27.76	正十六烷 Hexadecane	1.59±2.09 a	0.66±0.11 a	0.78±0.20 a
65	27.98	肉豆蔻醛 Tetradecanal	0.47±0.45 a	0.17±0.10 a	—
66	28.87	豆蔻醇 1-Tetradecanol	—	0.66±0.19	—
67	29.28	正十七烷 Heptadecane	1.40±1.96 a	0.43±0.04 a	0.62±0.29 a
68	30.49	十四酸乙酯 Tetradecanoic acid, ethyl ester	0.28±0.22 a	0.49±0.54 a	0.15±0.08 a
69	32.83	十六酸乙酯 Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester	—	0.40±0.34 a	0.21±0.02 a
根据保留时间对物质进行编号“1～69”。“—”表示未鉴定出，同一行中不同的小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。 1-69: codes for compounds exited at different analytical retention time. "—" indicates not identified. Data with different lowercase letters on same line indicate significant difference at 0.05 level.

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