6种渔药制剂对马口鱼幼鱼的急性毒性及安全评价

林而舒; 陈斌; 樊海平; 钟全福; 吴斌; 朱坤远

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.07.012

6种渔药制剂对马口鱼幼鱼的急性毒性及安全评价

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.07.012

1.
福建省淡水水产研究所，福建　福州　350000
2.
龙岩学院，福建　龙岩　364012

基金项目: 福建省种业创新与产业化工程项目（2021MNZ05）

详细信息

作者简介:
林而舒（1993 —），女，硕士，助理农艺师，主要从事水产养殖及病害防治研究，E-mail：linershu@qq.com

通讯作者:
樊海平（1967 —），男，硕士，研究员，主要从事水产养殖病害研究，E-mail：fanhaiping16@163.com

中图分类号: S948
计量
- 文章访问数: 265
- HTML全文浏览量: 139
- PDF下载量: 18
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-28
- 修回日期: 2022-04-18
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-16
- 刊出日期: 2023-07-28

Acute Toxicities of Six Aquaculture Drugs on Juvenile Opsariichthys bidens

1.
Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian,　350002, China
2.
Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian　364012, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探明常用渔药制剂对马口鱼幼鱼的毒性和安全使用剂量，保障其养殖过程中渔药的安全使用。方法在水温25.8～28.3 ℃的室外条件下，采用静水式试验法测定6种常用渔药制剂对马口鱼幼鱼的急性毒性，并通过药物毒性积蓄系数（Medicine toxicity accumulation coefficient，MAC）分析制剂对马口鱼幼鱼的急性致毒效应特征。结果 6种渔药制剂对马口鱼幼鱼的安全质量浓度从高到低依次为美婷Ⅱ（2.222 mg·L⁻¹）、车轮虫必克（0.790 mg·L⁻¹）、聚维酮碘（0.659 mg·L⁻¹）、拜特新敌磷（0.225 mg·L⁻¹）、拜特指环敌（0.214 mg·L⁻¹）、白点净（0.006 mg·L⁻¹）；对马口鱼幼鱼的MAC值均为正值，但其变化趋势不同，表明6种药物积蓄作用强于降减作用，且受试生物对药物敏感程度存在差异。结论依据有毒物质对鱼类毒性等级的评价标准，对马口鱼幼鱼，美婷Ⅱ为低毒渔药制剂，车轮虫必克、聚维酮碘、拜特新敌磷和拜特指环敌为中毒渔药制剂，白点净为剧毒渔药制剂。
- 渔药制剂 /
- 马口鱼 /
- 急性毒性 /
- 安全浓度 /
- 药物毒性积蓄系数 /
- 安全评价
Abstract: Objective Acute toxicities of 6 aquaculture drugs on juvenile Opsariichthys bidens were determined for safe applications. Method Medicine toxicity accumulation coefficients (MACs) of 6 drugs commonly applied for aquaculture were determined on the fish in a tank at a controlled temperature of 25.8–28.3 ℃. Result The drugs at specific doses displayed varied degrees of safety that ranked as Meiting Ⅱ (2.222 mg·L⁻¹)＞Chelunchongbike (0.790 mg·L⁻¹)＞povidone iodine (0.659 mg·L⁻¹)＞Baitexindilin (0.225 mg·L⁻¹)＞Baitezhihuandi (0.214 mg·L⁻¹)＞Baidianjing (0.006 mg·L⁻¹). The MACs of these drugs on O. bidens were positive but differed in the toxic effect to the fish due to differentiated accumulation and degradation of as well as sensitivity of the fish to the individual drugs. Conclusion According to the classification standards, Meiting Ⅱ was determined to be low toxic, while Chelunchongbike, povidone iodine, Baitexindilin, and Baitezhihuandi, moderately toxic, and Baidianjing, highly toxic to O. bidens juveniles.
- Aquaculture drugs /
- Opsariichthys bidens /
- acute toxicity /
- safety mass concentration /
- drug toxicity accumulation coefficient /
- safety concentration

HTML全文

表 1 试验用渔药种类

Table 1. Aquaculture drugs tested

渔药制剂名称 Drug names	主要成分及有效含量 Main components and content	生产厂家 Manufacture factory
美婷Ⅱ Meiting Ⅱ	皮乐宝（溴硝基丙二醇）、硫酸亚铁 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol、FeSO₄	长沙拜特生物科技研究所有限公司 Changsha Beite Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd.
聚维酮碘 Povidone iodine	聚维酮碘 Povidone iodine（10%）	厦门惠盈动物渔业有限公司 Xiamen Huiying Animal and Fishery Co., Ltd.
拜特指环敌 Baitezhihuandi	甲苯咪唑 Mebendazole（10%）	长沙拜特生物科技研究所有限公司 Changsha Beite Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd.
拜特新敌磷 Baitexindilin	O,O-二甲基-（2,2,2-三氯-1-羟基乙基）磷酸酯 O,O-dimethyl-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl)phosponate （90%）	长沙拜特生物科技研究所有限公司 Changsha Beite Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd.
车轮虫必克 Chelunchongbike	槟榔碱、苦参碱 Arecoline、Matrine	山西争跃化工药业有限公司 Shanxi Zhengyue Chemical Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
白点净 Baidianjing	有机铜化合物 Organic copper（10%）	山西争跃化工药业有限公司 Shanxi Zhengyue Chemical Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 各试验渔药制剂质量浓度

Table 2. Mass concentrations of 6 aquaculture drugs

渔药制剂名称 Drug names	药物质量浓度 Mass concentration/(mg·L⁻¹)
美婷Ⅱ Meiting Ⅱ	9.880	14.810	22.220	33.330	50.000	75.000
聚维酮碘 Povidone iodine	6.016	6.296	6.597	6.904	7.233	7.574	7.931
拜特指环敌 Baitezhihuandi	2.000	2.090	2.190	2.300	2.410	2.520	2.640	2.760
拜特新敌磷 Baitexindilin	1.490	1.710	1.966	2.260	2.590	2.960	3.390	3.885
车轮虫必克 Chelunchongbike	6.285	7.054	7.920	8.880	9.970	11.200
白点净 Baidianjing	0.046	0.056	0.068	0.083	0.101	0.123	0.150
除美婷Ⅱ和车轮虫必克外，其他药物浓度以有效成分含量计算。由于美婷Ⅱ和车轮虫必克使用说明书上未标注主要成分的有效含量，故药物浓度以制剂浓度为标准进行计算。 Drug concentrations were calculated based on content of active component. On MeitingⅡ and Chelunchongbike, of which no active ingredients contents were given in user manuals, concentrations of total dry weight are shown.

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 不同渔药制剂对马口鱼幼鱼死亡率的影响

Table 3. Mortality of juvenile O. bidens caused by drug applications

渔药制剂名称 Drug names	药物质量浓度 Mass concentration/ (mg·L⁻¹)	死亡率 Mortality rate/%
渔药制剂名称 Drug names	药物质量浓度 Mass concentration/ (mg·L⁻¹)	24 h	48 h	72 h	96 h
美婷Ⅱ Meiting Ⅱ	0	0	0	0	0
	9.880	0	0	0	0
	14.810	0	20.0	20.0	20.0
	22.220	0	20.0	20.0	20.0
	33.330	20.0	80.0	100.0
	50	80.0	100.0
	75.000	100.0
聚维酮碘 Povidone iodine	0	0	0	0	0
	6.016	0	0	0	0
	6.296	0	20.0	20.0	20.0
	6.597	20.0	20.0	40.0	80.0
	6.904	60.0	60.0	66.7	80.0
	7.233	63.3	63.3	73.3	80.0
	7.574	96.7	96.7	100.0
	7.931	100.0
拜特指环敌 Baitezhihuandi	0	0	0	0	0
	2.000	0	0	0	0
	2.090	0	0	40.0	40.0
	2.190	20.0	20.0	40.0	60.0
	2.300	20.0	40.0	60.0	100.0
	2.410	40.0	40.0	80.0	100.0
	2.520	60.0	60.0	100.0
	2.640	60.0	100.0
	2.760	100.0
拜特新敌磷 Baitexindilin	0	0	0	0	0
	1.490	0	0	0	0
	1.710	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
	1.966	26.7	26.7	26.7	26.7
	2.260	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0
	2.590	60.0	80.0	80.0	80.0
	2.960	80.0	90.0	90.0	90.0
	3.390	96.7	100.0
	3.885	100.0
车轮虫必克 Chelunchongbike	0	0	0	0	0
	6.285	0	0	0	0
	7.054	0	3.3	3.3	20.0
	7.920	23.3	23.3	23.3	23.3
	8.880	40.0	100.0
	9.970	80.0	100.0
	11.200	100.0
白点净 Baidianjing	0	0	0	0	0
	0.046	0	0	0	0
	0.056	0	30.0	40.0	40.0
	0.068	0	70.0	90.0	90.0
	0.083	0	90.0	100.0
	0.101	6.7	80.0	100.0
	0.123	80.0	100.0
	0.150	100.0

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 渔药对马口鱼幼鱼的回归方程、半致死浓度和安全质量浓度

Table 4. Regression equations, LC₅₀, and safety concentrations of 6 aquaculture drugs on juvenile O. bidens

渔药制剂名称 Drug names	时间 Time/h	回归方程 Regression equation	半致死浓度 LC₅₀/(mg·L^-1)	95%置信区间 95% confidence interval/(mg·L^-1)	药物毒性蓄积程度系数 MAC/%	安全质量浓度 SC/(mg·L^-1)
美婷Ⅱ Meiting Ⅱ	24	y =204.42x–279.30(R²=0.9530)	40.822	35.412～47.059		2.222
	48	y =147.67x–154.88(R²=0.8990)	24.401	20.502～29.043	88.265
	72	y =170.43x–179.52(R²=0.7628)	22.218	19.274～25.613	11.734
	96	y =170.43x–179.52(R²=0.7628)	22.218	19.274～25.613	0
聚维酮碘 Povidone iodine	24	y =1196.40x–956.02(R²=0.9463)	6.932	6.629～7.250		0.659
	48	y =1196.40x–956.20(R²=0.9463)	6.932	6.629～7.250	0
	72	y =1096.80x–864.45(R²=0.8168)	6.819	6.508～7.145	33.041
	96	y =970.78x–745.02(R²=0.8260)	6.590	6.295～6.901	66.959
拜特指环敌 Baitezhihuandi	24	y =742.19x–240.05(R²=0.9292)	2.459	2.388～2.533		0.214
	48	y =871.50x–280.19(R²=0.9232)	2.393	2.328～2.459	20.820
	72	y =710.62x–198.75(R²=0.9130)	2.225	2.166～2.286	52.997
	96	y =1580.00x–472.72(R²=0.9838)	2.142	2.100～2.185	26.183
拜特新敌磷 Baitexindilin	24	y =282.36x–54.03(R²=0.9881)	2.336	2.038～2.677		0.225
	48	y =304.45x–57.04(R²=0.9664)	2.247	1.996～2.529	100
	72	y =304.45x–57.04(R²=0.9664)	2.247	1.996～2.529	0
	96	y =304.45x–57.04(R²=0.9664)	2.247	1.996～2.529	0
车轮虫必克 Chelunchongbike	24	y =506.92x–432.38(R²=0.9793)	8.945	8.482～9.433		0.790
	48	y =939.30x –802.36(R²=0.8724)	8.081	7.830～8.341	82.521
	72	y =939.30x–802.36(R²=0.8724)	8.081	7.830～8.341	0
	96	y =589.99x–479.52(R²=0.7589)	7.898	7.584～8.225	17.479
白点净 Baidianjing	24	y =580.60x+588.37(R²=0.8952)	0.118	0.112～0.125		0.006
	48	y =222.59x +312.10(R²=0.8571)	0.066	0.060～0.074	88.136
	72	y =406.76x +550.10(R²=0.9457)	0.059	0.055～0.063	11.865
	96	y =406.76x +550.10(R²=0.9457)	0.059	0.055～0.063	0

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(29)

[1]	杜光辉. 马口鱼生物学特性及人工繁育技术 [J]. 黑龙江水产, 2021, 40(5):50−52. DU G H. Biological characteristics and artificial breeding technology of Opsariichthys bidens [J]. Northern Chinese Fisheries, 2021, 40(5): 50−52.(in Chinese)
[2]	张清科, 郑学斌, 唐道军, 等. 养殖马口鱼肌肉营养成分分析及评价 [J]. 宁波大学学报(理工版), 2019, 32(4):15−19. ZHANG Q K, ZHENG X B, TANG D J, et al. Analysis and evaluation of nutritional components in muscle of cultured Opsariichthys bidens [J]. Journal of Ningbo University (Natural Science & Engineering Edition), 2019, 32(4): 15−19.(in Chinese)
[3]	钟全福, 樊海平, 叶小军. 马口鱼的研究现状及开发利用进展 [J]. 江苏农业科学, 2020, 48(24):37−41. ZHONG Q F, FAN H P, YE X J. Research status and utilization progress of Opsariichthys bidens [J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 48(24): 37−41.(in Chinese)
[4]	郑善坚, 于瑾, 翁旭东. 马口鱼人工养殖关键技术探讨 [J]. 科学养鱼, 2021(12):45−46. ZHENG S J, YU J, WENG X D. Discussion on key points for Korean piscivorous chub culture [J]. Scientific Fish Farming, 2021(12): 45−46.(in Chinese)
[5]	孙鹏, 王炳谦, 谷伟, 等. 溴硝基丙二醇抑制虹鳟受精卵水霉菌的效果 [J]. 水产学杂志, 2015, 28(5):23−26. SUN P, WANG B Q, GU W, et al. Efficacy of bronopol against fungus Saprolegnia infection in fertilized eggs of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) [J]. Chinese Journal of Fisheries, 2015, 28(5): 23−26.(in Chinese)
[6]	SILAS M R, SCHROEDER R M, THOMSON R B, et al. Optimizing the antisepsis protocol: Effectiveness of 3 povidone-iodine 1.0% applications versus a single application of povidone-iodine 5.0% [J]. Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery, 2017, 43(3): 400−404.
[7]	罗小燕, 杨小立, 黎祖福, 等. 6种常见渔药对卵形鲳鲹的急性毒性 [J]. 水产科学, 2016, 35(5):480−485. LUO X Y, YANG X L, LI Z F, et al. Acute toxicity of six conventional drugs in aquaculture to golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus [J]. Fisheries Science, 2016, 35(5): 480−485.(in Chinese)
[8]	刘银华, 何国森, 钱毅, 等. 5种常用消毒剂对锦鲤幼鱼的急性毒性试验 [J]. 渔业研究, 2019, 41(1):70−74. LIU Y H, HE G S, QIAN Y, et al. Acute toxicity test on 5 kinds of disinfectants to juvenile Cyprinus carpio [J]. Journal of Fisheries Research, 2019, 41(1): 70−74.(in Chinese)
[9]	谢永广, 魏朝宇, 魏秀英, 等. 4种水产消毒剂对棘胸蛙蝌蚪急性毒性研究 [J]. 水产科学, 2023, 42(3):502−508. XIE Y G, WEI Z Y, WEI X Y, et al. Acute toxicity of four conventional disinfectants in aquaculture on tadpoles of frog Quasipaa spinosa [J]. Fisheries Science, 2023, 42(3): 502−508.(in Chinese)
[10]	骆小年, 段友健, 张晓静, 等. 北方马口鱼全人工繁殖、胚胎与仔鱼发育研究 [J]. 大连海洋大学学报, 2022, 37(4):550−557. LUO X N, DUAN Y J, ZHANG X J, et al. Artificial propagation and embryonic and larval development of Chinese hook snout carp Opsariichthys bidens [J]. Journal of Dalian Ocean University, 2022, 37(4): 550−557.(in Chinese)
[11]	李倩, 孙丽慧, 姜建湖, 等. 循环水养殖马口鱼的人工繁殖及苗种网箱培育试验 [J]. 水产养殖, 2021, 42(11):5−7. LI Q, SUN L H, JIANG J H, et al. Experiment on artificial propagation and cage breeding of Opsariichthys bidens in recirculating aquaculture system [J]. Journal of Aquaculture, 2021, 42(11): 5−7.(in Chinese)
[12]	陈度煌, 仲崇虎, 薛凌展, 等. 马口鱼室内工厂化养殖试验 [J]. 河北渔业, 2021(10):12−13,40. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-6755.2021.10.004 CHEN D H, ZHONG C H, XUE L Z, et al. Experiment on indoor industrialized culture of Pike [J]. Hebei Fisheries, 2021(10): 12−13,40.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-6755.2021.10.004
[13]	周以琳, 周钦, 王扬, 等. 集装箱和溪流养殖马口鱼的营养品质评估 [J]. 浙江农业科学, 2022, 63(1):12−15,19. doi: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20212255 ZHOU Y L, ZHOU Q, WANG Y, et al. Nutritional quality evaluation of Opsariichthys bidens kept in containers and stream [J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 63(1): 12−15,19.(in Chinese) doi: 10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.20212255
[14]	农业农村部. SC/T 1087.1-2006 渔药毒性试验方法第1部分: 外用渔药急性毒性试验[S]. 2007-02-01.
[15]	黄轶, 潘进芬, 张天旭, 等. 鲫物种敏感性评估 [J]. 淡水渔业, 2021, 51(1):90−95. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6907.2021.01.012 HUANG Y, PAN J F, ZHANG T X, et al. Species sensitivity evaluation of Carassius auratus [J]. Freshwater Fisheries, 2021, 51(1): 90−95.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6907.2021.01.012
[16]	张潇峮, 王伟, 罗鸣钟, 等. 三苯基锡和聚苯乙烯微塑料联合暴露对胭脂鱼幼鱼的急性毒性效应 [J]. 淡水渔业, 2020, 50(4):33−38. ZHANG X Q, WANG W, LUO M Z, et al. Single and combined effects of (polystyrene) microplastics and triphenyltin on juveniles Myxocryprinus asiaticus [J]. Freshwater Fisheries, 2020, 50(4): 33−38.(in Chinese)
[17]	封琦, 朱光来, 王建国, 等. 氨氮对中华鳑鲏的急性毒性及2种代谢酶活性的影响 [J]. 淡水渔业, 2018, 48(1):91−96. FENG Q, ZHU G L, WANG J G, et al. Acutetoxicity of ammonia nitrogen to Rhodeus sinensis and its effects on two metabolism enzymes [J]. Freshwater Fisheries, 2018, 48(1): 91−96.(in Chinese)
[18]	钟全福, 陈斌, 樊海平, 等. 常用渔药对似鮈幼鱼的急性毒性及安全评价 [J]. 福建农业学报, 2021, 36(9):1054−1062. ZHONG Q F, CHEN B, FAN H P, et al. Acute toxicities and safety of common aquaculture drugs on juvenile Pseudogobio vaillanti [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 36(9): 1054−1062.(in Chinese)
[19]	陈斌, 樊海平, 钟全福, 等. 6种常用渔药对大刺鳅苗种的急性毒性试验 [J]. 渔业研究, 2018, 40(4):302−307. CHEN B, FAN H P, ZHONG Q F, et al. Acute toxicity test of six commonly-used aquaculture drugs on juvenile Masracembelue armatus [J]. Journal of Fisheries Research, 2018, 40(4): 302−307.(in Chinese)
[20]	杨婉莉, 赵艺涵, 赵瑞平, 等. 甘草酸与苦参碱组方体外抗PRRSV效果的研究 [J]. 河南农业大学学报, 2018, 52(6):935−942. YANG W L, ZHAO Y H, ZHAO R P, et al. Efficiency of combination of glycyrrhizic acid and matrine against PRRSV [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural University, 2018, 52(6): 935−942.(in Chinese)
[21]	蔡伟. 植物源农药苦参生物杀虫剂的研究进展 [J]. 农业科技与信息, 2012(19):51−53. CAI W. Research progress of botanical pesticide Sophora flavescens biological insecticide [J]. Agricultural Science-Technology and Information, 2012(19): 51−53.(in Chinese)
[22]	陈莉萍. 驱虫中草药在水产养殖中的应用 [J]. 农村新技术, 2016(1):32−34. CHEN L P. Application of anthelmintic Chinese herbal medicine in aquaculture [J]. New Rural Technology, 2016(1): 32−34.(in Chinese)
[23]	杨先乐. 新编渔药手册[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2005.
[24]	罗鸣钟, 杨曼绮, 郭坤, 等. 4种有机磷农药对黄鳝幼鱼的急性毒性研究 [J]. 淡水渔业, 2018, 48(5):66−72. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6907.2018.05.011 LUO M Z, YANG M Q, GUO K, et al. Acute toxicity of four organophosphorus pesticides to juvenile Monopterus albus [J]. Freshwater Fisheries, 2018, 48(5): 66−72.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6907.2018.05.011
[25]	管芳玲, 熊六凤, 方汉孙, 等. 辛硫磷和甲苯咪唑对大鳞副泥鳅的急性毒性研究 [J]. 生态科学, 2020, 39(6):25−29. doi: 10.14108/j.cnki.1008-8873.2020.06.004 GUAN F L, XIONG L F, FANG H S, et al. Acute toxicity of phoxim and mebendazole on Paramisgurnus dabryanus [J]. Ecological Science, 2020, 39(6): 25−29.(in Chinese) doi: 10.14108/j.cnki.1008-8873.2020.06.004
[26]	徐杭忠, 刘琴琴, 唐毅. 4种水产药物对长吻鱼危稚鱼的急性毒性试验 [J]. 水产科技情报, 2020, 47(1):10−13,17. XU H Z, LIU Q Q, TANG Y. Acute toxicity test of four aquatic pesticides to juvenile Leiocassis longirostris [J]. Fisheries Science & Technology Information, 2020, 47(1): 10−13,17.(in Chinese)
[27]	戴瑜来, 谢楠, 马恒甲, 等. 铜铁合剂、敌百虫、亚甲基蓝和聚维酮碘对三角鲂夏花鱼种的急性毒性试验 [J]. 水产科技情报, 2020, 47(4):209−212. DAI Y L, XIE N, MA H J, et al. Acute toxicity test of copper-iron mixture, trichlorfon, methylene blue and povidone-iodine on the summer blossom fish of catfish [J]. Fisheries Science & Technology Information, 2020, 47(4): 209−212.(in Chinese)
[28]	秦志清, 杜全新, 樊海平, 等. 8种常用渔药对半刺厚唇鱼幼鱼的急性毒性 [J]. 福建农业学报, 2016, 31(2):125−128. QIN Z Q, DU Q X, FAN H P, et al. Acute toxicities of eight aquaculture drugs on juvenile acrossocheilius hemispinus [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 31(2): 125−128.(in Chinese)
[29]	何国森, 刘银华, 钱毅, 等. 5种常用消毒剂对黄颡鱼幼鱼的急性毒性试验 [J]. 科学养鱼, 2019(4):47−48. HE G S, LIU Y H, QIAN Y, et al. Acute toxicity test of five linds of disinfectants on yellow catfish juvenile [J]. Scientific Fish Farming, 2019(4): 47−48.(in Chinese)