辽北地区玉米田适宜耕作模式研究

隋世江; 牛世伟; 王娜

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.10.013

辽北地区玉米田适宜耕作模式研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.10.013

辽宁省农业科学院植物营养与环境资源研究所，辽宁　沈阳　110161

基金项目: 辽宁省应用基础研究计划项目（2023JH2/101300136）；国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0800901）；公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201303130-02）

详细信息

作者简介:
隋世江（1978 —），男，副研究员，主要从事农业资源利用研究， E-mail：my0708@163.com

通讯作者:
王娜（1977 —），女，研究员，主要从事农业资源环境研究，E-mail:wnsxh1999@126.com

中图分类号: S513
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-06-02
- 录用日期: 2023-09-26
- 修回日期: 2023-09-12
- 网络出版日期: 2023-10-25
- 刊出日期: 2023-10-28

Eco-friendly and Efficient Maize Farming for North Liaoning Region

Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning　110161, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究不同耕作模式对玉米产量和土壤物理性状的影响。方法通过大田试验研究旋耕15 cm、深松30 cm、粉垄30 cm、粉垄50 cm、粉垄30 cm结合覆膜和粉垄50 cm结合覆膜对玉米不同生育时期不同土层的土壤温度和土壤容重，玉米根数、根长和根体积及玉米产量的影响。结果粉垄耕作可提高不同层次土壤温度，尤其粉垄耕作结合覆膜处理显著提高玉米苗期和拔节期地温14.14%～23.75%和14.34%～25.90%。粉垄耕作处理显著降低玉米苗期和拔节期及成熟期25～30 cm、45～50 cm土壤容重1.91%～3.09%、2.91%～5.21%，显著增加玉米拔节期至成熟期玉米根数、根长和根体积13.21%～47.55%、7.14%～38.83%和20.63%～110.04%。粉垄耕作结合覆膜处理显著提高玉米产量11.12%～16.29%，其中粉垄30 cm结合覆膜处理玉米产量最高。结论在试验条件下，粉垄耕作结合覆膜处理能有效改善土壤环境，促进玉米根系生长，提高玉米产量，其中粉垄30 cm结合覆膜措施是较适宜的耕作模式。
- 玉米 /
- 耕作模式 /
- 土壤性状 /
- 产量
Abstract: Objective Effects of tillage methods applied for maize cultivation in northern Liaoning on the crop productivity and soil conditions were studied in search of an improved agriculture practice for the region. Method Maize yield and soil properties under various tillage methods were determined in a field experimentation. Means of tillage and ground preparation including (A) rotary tillage for 15 cm, (B) deep loosing tillage for 30cm, (C) smash ridging tillage for 30 cm, (D) smash ridging tillage for 50cm, (E) smash ridging tillage for 30cm combined with film mulching, and (F) smash ridging tillage for 50cm combined with film mulching were evaluated. Ground temperature and bulk density in different layers of soil at different maize growth periods as well as root number, length, and volume and yield of maize plants were monitored. Result Smash ridging tillage on the field increased the ground temperatures in layers of the soil. Significant rises of the soil temperature by 14.14-23.75% in maize seedling stage were observed when the tillage method was applied with film mulching, and by 14.34-25.90% in the maize jointing stage. Smash ridging tillage also reduced the bulk density in 25-30cm layer of soil by 1.91-3.09% at the maize seedling, jointing, and mature stages, and in the 45-50cm layer soil by 2.91-5.21%, while significantly increased the root count by 13.21-47.55%, the root length by 7.14-38.83%, and the root volume by 20.63-110.04% from the maize jointing stage to maturity stage. By covering the ground with a mulching film after smash ridging tillage, maize yield was increased by 11.12-16.29%. And the greatest increase in yield was achieved by using the (C) method with a 30 cm tillage. Conclusion It was preliminarily showed that the smash ridging tillage with film ground cover, especially the method (C), could materially benefit not only the soil conditions but also the growth of maize root system and crop yield.
- Maize /
- tillage patterns /
- soil properties /
- crop yield

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图 1 耕作模式对不同层次地温的影响

Figure 1. Effects of tillage methods on ground temperature at different soil layers

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图 2 耕作模式对不同层次土壤容重的影响

Figure 2. Effects of tillage methods on bulk density of soil at different layers

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图 3 耕作模式对玉米根系状况的影响

Figure 3. Effects of different tillage patterns on maize root system

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表 1 耕作模式对玉米产量及构成因素的影响

Table 1. Effects of different farming patterns on maize yield and yield components

处理 Treatment	秃尖长 Bare top length/cm	行粒数 Kernels per row	百粒重 100-grain weight/g	产量 Yield/(kg·hm⁻²)
T1	0.21±0.01 a	37.50±0.53 c	37.95±1.44 a	9907.85±315.90 c
T2	0.17±0.01 b	38.20±0.42 b	38.35±2.10a	10369.31±152.10 bc
T3	0.13±0.01 c	38.40±0.52 ab	38.23±1.88 a	10681.32±571.10 bc
T4	0.13±0.01 c	38.50±0.53 ab	38.42±3.29 a	10412.24±685.31 bc
T5	0.10±0.01 d	38.60±0.52 ab	38.68±1.91 a	11522.08±83.00 a
T6	0.10±0.01 d	38.70±0.48 a	38.67±2.17 a	11009.26±540.85 ab
同列不同字母表示处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。 The different letters in a column indicate significant differences among treatments at P＜0.05 levels.

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