福建省山药初级核心种质的构建

张武君; 陈菁瑛; 刘保财; 赵云青; 黄颖桢

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.11.002

福建省山药初级核心种质的构建

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.11.002

福建省农业科学院作物研究所/福建省农业科学院药用植物研究中心，福建　福州　350013

基金项目: 福建省农业种质资源创新专项（ZZZYCXZX202208）；福建省药用植物种质资源库（圃）（ZYBHDWZX202203）；福建省农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目（XTCXGC2021003-5）；福建省农业科学院药用植物科技创新团队建设项目（CXTD2021014-2）；福建省农业科学院生产性工程化实验室建设项目（2015GCH-6）

详细信息

作者简介:
张武君（1988 —），女，硕士，助理研究员，主要从事药用植物生理生化研究，E-mail：352047618@qq.com

通讯作者:
陈菁瑛 (1966 —)，女，研究员，主要从事药用植物资源利用研究，E-mail：cjy6601@163.com

中图分类号: S632.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-08-30
- 修回日期: 2023-10-03
- 网络出版日期: 2023-12-21
- 刊出日期: 2023-11-28

Establishing a Primary Core Collection of Chinese Yam Germplasms in Fujian

Institute of Crops Research, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Research Center for Medicinal Plant, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350013, China

摘要

摘要: 目的构建福建省山药初级核心种质，为福建地方山药资源的保存、品种选育提供理论依据。方法以55份福建省地方主栽山药资源为材料，调查20个农艺性状，包括7个数量性状和13个描述型性状，采用离差平方和法进行聚类，根据聚类结果采用优先取样法构建初级核心种质，同时采用统计学方法及ISSR分子标记等对其代表性进行评价。结果构建的初级核心种质数量占原种质的43.6%，在降低冗余的同时保留了选育品种和有突出特点或地方特色的资源。初级核心种质和原种质各性状的均值、方差、变异系数、香农多样性指数无显著性差异。数量性状除茎粗外，核心种质保留了原种质变异范围的84.9%～100%。描述性指标除最弱的生长势外，核心种质保留了原种质的全部等级分布。初级核心种质和原种质的ISSR分子标记的等位基因数量、有效等位基因数量、香农多样性信息指数、Nei’s基因多样性指数无显著差异，且初级核心种质的多态位点保留率达到原种质的98.6%。基于农艺性状的主成分分析和基于ISSR分子标记的主坐标分析均确认了核心种质的代表性。结论构建的福建省山药初级核心种质能够较好地代表原种质的遗传多样性，有助于福建地方山药资源的保存和开发利用。
- 山药 /
- 初级核心种质 /
- 农艺性状 /
- ISSR标记 /
- 福建省
Abstract: Objective A primary core collection of Chinese yam germplasms in Fujian was established for conserving and breeding the natural resources. Method Fifty-five locally cultivated Chinese yams were categorized according to 7 quantitative and 13 descriptive traits. A cluster analysis was conducted on the data using the squared Euclidean distance method to develop a germplasm collection by priority sampling. The representativeness of the Primary Core Collection on Chinese Yams (PCCCY) was statistically evaluated using the agronomic traits as well as ISSR molecular markers. Result PCCCY received 43.6% of the previous collection. It reduced the redundancy of the old version but retained the breeding varieties as well as the germplasms of outstanding characteristics or unique local features. No significant differences were found in the means, variances, coefficients of variation, and Shannon-Wiener index between the PCCCY and the previous collection on various traits. On the quantitative traits, other than stem thickness, the PCCCY preserved 84.9% to 100% of the variation range of the previous collection. Whereas the entire original descriptive traits, except the weakest growth vigor, were kept intact. No significant differences in the number of ISSR molecular marker alleles, effective alleles, Shannon-Wiener index, and Nei’s genetic diversity index were found between the two collections. And 98.6% of the polymorphic loci in the original version were retained. The principal component analysis based on agronomic traits and the principal coordinate analysis based on ISSR molecular markers confirmed a high representativeness on the varieties by the newly established PCCCY. Conclusion The primary core collection established by this study for the Chinese yam germplasms in the province satisfactorily represented the genetic diversity of the natural resource. The PCCCY was deemed to facilitate future efforts in conserving and utilizing the local Chinese yam species.
- Chinese yam /
- primary core collection /
- agronomic traits /
- ISSR marker /
- Fujian Province

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图 1 55份福建山药资源农艺性状聚类

Figure 1. Phenotypic traits clustering on 55 Chinese yam germplasms in Fujian

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图 2 山药初级核心种质与保留种质的主坐标分布

Figure 2. Main coordinate distribution of PCCCY and preserved Chinese yam germplasm collection

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表 1 55份山药资源编号、名称和基原

Table 1. Codes, names, and origins of 55 Chinese yam germplasms

编号 No.	种质资源名称 Germplasm resource name	基原 Origins	编号 No.	种质资源名称 Germplasm resource name	基原 Origins
1	麻沙硬壳薯 Masha hard-shelled yam	褐苞薯蓣 D. persimilis	29	宁化三黄村徐引2号 Ninghua Sanhuang Xu Yin No.2	褐苞薯蓣 D. persimilis
2	麻沙土薯 Masha local yam	褐苞薯蓣 D. persimilis	30	清流雪薯* Qingliu snow yam	褐苞薯蓣 D. persimilis
3	麻沙小叶永安薯 Masha small-leaf yong'an yam	褐苞薯蓣 D. persimilis	31	明溪土薯 Mingxi local yam	褐苞薯蓣 D. persimilis
4	麻沙六月薯* Mosha June yam	薯蓣 D. opposita	32	明溪红皮白肉 Mingxi red skin white pulp	参薯 D. alata
5	麻沙七月薯* Mosha July yam	薯蓣 D. opposita	33	明溪淮山1号* Mingxi Huaishan No.1	褐苞薯蓣 D. persimilis
6	麻沙1号山药* Masha No.1 yam	褐苞薯蓣 D. persimilis	34	安砂小叶薯* Ansha small-leaf yam	褐苞薯蓣 D. persimilis
7	麻沙大薯 Masha big yam	参薯 D. alata	35	安砂大叶薯* Ansha large-leaf yam	参薯 D. alata
8	麻沙紫薯* Masha purple yam	参薯 D. alata	36	建宁紫山药* Jianning purple yam	参薯 D. alata
9	麻沙大叶永安薯 Masha large-leaf yong'an yam	褐苞薯蓣 D. persimilis	37	三明三元紫山药 Sanming Sanyuan purple yam	参薯 D. alata
10	麻沙江西薯 Mashajiang sweet yam	山薯 D. fordii	38	马铺1号山药* Mapu No.1 yam	山薯 D. fordii
11	浦城紫山药 Pucheng purple yam	参薯 D. alata	39	屏南麻沙薯 Pingnan Masha yam	褐苞薯蓣 D. persimilis
12	连城紫山药 Liancheng purple yam	参薯 D. alata	40	屏南牛腿薯 Pingnan beef leg yam	参薯 D. alata
13	连城红皮白肉* Liancheng red skin white pulp	参薯 D. alata	41	屏南棉薯* Pingnan soft yam	薯蓣 D. opposita
14	宣和雪薯* Xuanhe snow yam	褐苞薯蓣 D. persimilis	42	福安白石板大薯 Fu'an Baishiban yam	参薯 D. alata
15	新罗紫山药 Xinluo purple yam	参薯 D. alata	43	福安前洋糯米薯* Fu'an Qianyang yam	参薯 D. alata
16	武平1号紫山药 Wuping No.1 purple yam	参薯 D. alata	44	永春紫山药 Yongchun purple yam	参薯 D. alata
17	武平2号紫山药* Wuping No.2 purple yam	参薯 D. alata	45	永春锦溪村土薯 Yongchun Jinxi local yam	褐苞薯蓣 D. persimilis
18	长汀野药薯 Changting wild yam	山薯 D. fordii	46	安溪山格淮山* Anxi Shange Huaishan	褐苞薯蓣 D. persimilis
19	长汀淮山* Changting Huaishan	褐苞薯蓣 D. persimilis	47	德化淮山 Dehua Huaishan	褐苞薯蓣 D. persimilis
20	长汀红皮白肉 Changting red skin white pulp	参薯 D. alata	48	德化紫薇紫山药 Dehua Ziwei purple yam	参薯 D. alata
21	长汀紫山药 Changting purple yam	参薯 D. alata	49	德化1号紫山药 Dehua No.1 purple yam	参薯 D. alata
22	长汀紫玉淮山 Changting purple jade Huaishan	参薯 D. alata	50	德化2号紫山药* Dehua No.2 purple yam	参薯 D. alata
23	宁化石寮村土薯 Ninghua Shiliao local yam	褐苞薯蓣 D. persimilis	51	德化芹峰淮山* Dehua Qinfeng Huaishan	褐苞薯蓣 D. persimilis
24	宁化早熟 Ninghua precocious yam	褐苞薯蓣 D. persimilis	52	马铺3号* Mapu No.3 yam	参薯 D. alata
25	宁化晚熟* Ninghua late maturation yam	褐苞薯蓣 D. persimilis	53	马铺6号紫山药* Mapu No.6 purple yam	参薯 D. alata
26	宁化三黄村奶薯 Ninghua Sanhuang milk yam	褐苞薯蓣 D. persimilis	54	马铺日本薯蓣* Mapu Japanese yam	日本薯蓣 D.japonica
27	宁化三黄村紫薯 Ninghua Sanhuang purple yam	参薯 D. alata	55	马铺7号紫山药* Mapu No.7 purple yam	参薯 D. alata
28	宁化三黄村徐引1号 Ninghua Sanhuang Xu Yin No.1	褐苞薯蓣 D. persimilis
表示初级核心种质资源。 indicates primary core collection.

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表 2 描述性指标的分级和赋值

Table 2. Grading and assignments of descriptive traits

性状 Characters	分级与赋值 Grading and assignment
生长势 GP	1=弱Weak；2=较弱Relatively weak；3=中Mdium；4=较强Relatively strong；5=强Strong
茎蔓狭翅 SNW	1=无No；2=黄绿色Yellow-green；3=紫色 Purple
基部茎刺 SBT	1=无No；2=有Yes
叶柄近叶端颜色 PLC	1=黄绿色Yellow-green；2=紫色 Purple
叶形 LS	1=戟形Halberd shape；2=长心形Long heart shape；3=心形Heart shape；4=披针形Lanceolate
叶面网脉 LSRV	1=不明显Inapparent；2=明显Apparent
零余子 Bulbil	1=无No；2=有Yes
开花 Flowering	1=无No；2=有Yes
块茎形状 TS	1=短棒状Short bar shape；2=长棒状Long bar shape；3=短圆柱形Short cylindrical shape；4=长圆柱形Long cylindrical shape；5=不规则块状 Irregular shape
表皮光滑度 SS	1=光滑Smooth；2=较光滑Relatively smooth；3=较粗糙Relatively rough；4=粗糙Rough
须根数 FRN	1=少Only a little；2=较少Not many；3=多many
块茎肉色 TFC	1=白White；2=黄白Yellow with white；3=全紫色Purple；4=不均匀紫色Uneven purple；5=仅内皮层紫色Only the endothelium is purple
肉质褐变性 FB	1=易Easy；2=不易Hard

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表 3 原种质与初级核心种质7个数量性状的平均值、方差、极差和变异系数的比较

Table 3. Mean, variance, range, and CV of 7 quantitative traits of previous collection and PCCCY

性状 Characters	平均值 Mean		方差 Variance		极差 Range		变异系数 CV/%
性状 Characters	原种质 OC	初级核心种质 PCC	原种质 OC	初级核心种质 PCC	原种质 OC	初级核心种质 PCC	原种质 OC	初级核心种质 PCC
茎粗SD/mm	3.22	3.27	0.63	0.65	2.1~6.3	2.1~5.0	24.58	24.73
叶长LL/cm	14.63	13.88	9.41	10.81	6.6-21.2	6.6~19.0	20.97	20.49
叶宽LW/cm	8.39	8.35	4.48	6.15	3.0~13.6	3.0~13.6	25.23	24.30
块茎长TL cm	50.29	54.13	483.01	552.69	16.4~97.4	20.5~97.4	43.70	43.43
块茎直径TD/mm	65.01	67.85	1641.53	2207.23	5.2~230.0	32~230	62.32	69.25
龙头长TTL/cm	5.43	5.87	17.68	21.69	0~15.6	0~15.6	77.39	79.30
块茎鲜重TFW/g	917.00	984.77	366456.52	451101.78	262.5~3111.7	262.53~2813.7	66.01	68.20

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表 4 原种质与初级核心种质13个描述型性状的等级分布和香农指数的比较

Table 4. Grade distribution of 13 descriptive traits and Shannon-Weaver indexes of PCCCY and previous collection

性状 Characters	等级分布 Grade distribution		香浓多样性指数 Shannon-Weaver index
性状 Characters	原种质 OC	初级核心种质 PCC	原种质 OC	初级核心种质 PCC
生长势 GP	1~5	2-5	1.11	1.01
茎蔓狭翅 SNW	1~3	1~3	0.98	0.96
基部茎刺 SBT	1~2	1~2	0.21	0.17
叶柄近叶端颜色 PLC	1~2	1~2	0.68	0.64
叶形 LS	1~4	1~4	0.85	1.12
叶面网脉 LSRV	1~2	1~2	0.67	0.66
零余子有无 BON	1~2	1~2	0.52	0.60
开花与否 FON	1~2	1~2	0.69	0.68
块茎形状 TS	1~5	1~5	1.48	1.51
表皮光滑度 SS	1~4	1~4	0.97	0.92
须根数 FRN	1~4	1~4	1.24	1.32
块茎肉色 TFC	1~5	1~5	1.27	1.23
肉质褐变性 FB	1~2	1~2	0.26	0.29

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表 5 供试ISSR引物及其扩增的多态性

Table 5. Polymorphisms and amplified products of ISSR primers

编号 No.	引物名称 Primer name	引物序列 Primer sequences	多态位点 Polymorphic sites	总位点 Total sites	多态性比率 Polymorphism ratio/%
1	UBC807	AGA GAG AGA GAG AGA GT	16	17	94.12
2	UBC808	AGA GAG AGA GAG AGA GC	12	14	85.71
3	UBC810	GAG AGA GAG AGA GAG AT	14	15	93.33
4	UBC811	GAG AGA GAG AGA GAG AC	14	14	100.00
5	UBC818	CAC ACA CAC ACA CAC AG	16	16	100.00
6	UBC825	ACA CAC ACA CAC ACA CT	14	14	100.00
7	UBC827	ACA CAC ACA CAC ACA CG	16	16	100.00
8	UBC834	AGA GAG AGA GAG AGA GYT	12	12	100.00
9	UBC856	ACA CAC ACA CAC ACA CYA	17	17	100.00
10	UBC864	ATG ATG ATG ATG ATG ATG	14	14	100.00
	平均 Average		14.5	14.9	97.32

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表 6 原种质与初级核心种质的分子遗传多样性参数比较

Table 6. Grade distribution on molecular genetic diversity parameters of PCCCY and previous collection

遗传信息 genetic information	样本数 Sample size	等位基因数Na	有效等位基因数Ne	多样性指数He	香农多样性信息指数I	多态位点 Polymorphic sites	多态位点率 Polymorphic site rate /%
原种质 OC	55	1.9732± 0.1622	1.6015±0.3239	0.3461±0.1488	0.5147±0.1871	145	97.32
初级核心种质 PCC	24	1.9597± 0.1973	1.6288±0.3118	0.3594±0.1425	0.5307±0.1810	143	95.97

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表 7 原种质和初级核心种质主成分分析的特征值及累计贡献率

Table 7. Characteristic values and cumulative contribution rates of PCCCY and previous collection based on principal component analysis

主成份 Main component	原种质 OC			初级核心种质 PCC
主成份 Main component	特征值 Eigenvalues	贡献率 Contribution rate/%	累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/%	特征值 Eigenvalues	贡献率 Contribution rate/%	累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/%
1	9.163	45.814	45.814	9.378	46.890	46.890
2	2.756	13.780	59.595	3.176	15.879	62.769
3	2.284	11.419	71.014	1.954	9.772	72.541
4	1.456	7.282	78.296	1.373	6.865	79.406
5	1.013	5.063	83.359	1.130	5.649	85.055

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