粉皮冬瓜表皮蜡粉微形态及蜡粉组分研究

张荟; 叶新如; 朱海生; 温庆放

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.11.003

粉皮冬瓜表皮蜡粉微形态及蜡粉组分研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.11.003

张荟^{1, 2, 3,},
叶新如^{1, 2, 3},
朱海生^{1, 2, 3},
温庆放^{1, 2, 3, ,}

1.
福建省农业科学院作物研究所，福建　福州　350013
2.
福建省蔬菜遗传育种重点实验室，福建福州　350013
3.
福建省蔬菜工程技术研究中心，福建福州　350013

基金项目: 福建省农业科学院自由探索科技创新项目（ZYTS202206）；福建省农业科学院科技创新团队建设项目（CXTD2021003-1）；国家大宗蔬菜产业体系福州综合试验站（CARS-23-G51）；福建省种业创新与产业化工程项目（zycxny2021009）；福建省农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目（XTCXGC2021003）

详细信息

作者简介:
张荟（1986 —），女，博士，助理研究员，主要从事蔬菜栽培与遗传育种研究，E-mail：zhanghui-zws@faas.cn

通讯作者:
温庆放（1965—），男，研究员，主要从事蔬菜栽培与遗传育种研究，E-mail：fjvrc@163.com

中图分类号: S642
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-08-25
- 录用日期: 2023-12-04
- 修回日期: 2023-12-03
- 网络出版日期: 2023-12-21
- 刊出日期: 2023-11-28

Micro-morphology and Compositions of Epidermal Wax on Waxy Gourd

ZHANG Hui^{1, 2, 3
,},
YE Xinru^{1, 2, 3},
ZHU Haisheng^{1, 2, 3},
WEN Qingfang^{1, 2, 3
, ,}

1.
Crops Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350013, China
2.
Fujian Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, Fuzhou,Fujian　350013, China
3.
Fujian Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Fuzhou, Fujian　350013, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探明不同粉皮冬瓜品种表皮蜡粉成分特性，为进一步解析冬瓜表皮蜡粉的分子调控奠定基础。方法选择形状不同的2个粉皮冬瓜品种（夏茂粉皮小冬瓜和夏茂粉皮大冬瓜）为试验材料，采用扫描电子显微镜观察表皮蜡粉结构，通过非靶向气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）检测技术对表皮蜡粉的成分进行分析。结果夏茂粉皮小冬瓜和夏茂粉皮大冬瓜表皮均有大量堆叠的杆状蜡粉结构，但夏茂粉皮小冬瓜杆状的前端上还粘附丝状蜡粉。2个品种三萜类物质含量均占比最高（42.09%和35.63%），但酯类和烷烃物质含量占比存在明显差异，夏茂粉皮小冬瓜分别为31.16%和3.53%，夏茂粉皮大冬瓜分别为22.17%和17.34%。在检测出的9类65种成分中，11种化合物在2个品种间呈极显著差异，8种化合物呈显著差异。结论冬瓜表皮蜡粉形态结构和成分在不同品种间存在较大差异，不同的蜡粉成分对其结构的形成有重要影响。通过对不同冬瓜品种表皮蜡粉成分的鉴定，为今后明确蜡粉性状在冬瓜中的遗传规律，阐明其遗传分子机制，具有重要的科研和生产实践价值。
- 表皮蜡粉 /
- 冬瓜 /
- 气相色谱-质谱法 /
- 结构 /
- 成分
Abstract: Objective Micro-morphology and chemical composition of the wax in pericarps of two varieties of waxy gourd were examined. Method The wax on the pericarps of the differently shaped Xiamaofenpixiaodonggua (XFX) and Xiamaofenpidadonggua (XFD) waxy gourds were examined under a scanning electronic microscope. The epidermal wax composition was analyzed by non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics. Result Numerous stacked rod-like structures covered the surface of XFX and XFD, but the filamentous material appeared only on XFX. Triterpenoids were the most abundant compounds found in the wax, i.e., 42.09% on XFX and 35.63% on XFD. On the other hand, the esters and alkanes differed significantly between the two varieties, which were 31.16% and 3.53%, respectively, on XFX, and 22.17% and 17.34%, respectively, on XFD. In total, 65 substances in 9 categories were identified that included 11 extremely significantly and 8 significantly differentiated compounds. Conclusion The micro-structures and compositions of the epidermal wax of the two waxy gourd varieties were surprisingly different, and the structural differentiation could be chemically related. Further study to decipher the biosynthesis pathway of the waxy gourd is in order.
- Pericarp wax /
- waxy gourds /
- GC-MS /
- structure /
- component

HTML全文

图 1 2种粉皮冬瓜表皮照片和表皮表面结构扫描电镜图

Figure 1. Photos and SEM images of pericarps of waxy gourds

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 2种粉皮冬瓜表皮蜡粉组分主成分分析

XFX：夏茂粉皮小冬瓜; XFD：夏茂粉皮大冬瓜; PC1：第一主成分; PC2：第二主成分。

Figure 2. Principal components of epidermal wax on different varieties of gourds

XFX: xiamaofenpixiaodonggua; XFD: xiamaofenpidadonggua; PC1: 1^st principal component; PC2: 2^nd principal component.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 2种粉皮冬瓜表皮蜡粉组分百分比

Figure 3. Percentage of identified groups of compounds in epidermal wax

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 代谢物差异箱式图

Figure 4. Significant features boxplot on metabolites

***P ＜ 0.001, **P ＜ 0.01, *P ＜ 0.05

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 2种粉皮冬瓜表皮蜡粉成分和含量显著性

Table 1. Significance in content of chemical compounds in epidermal wax

组分 Groups	序号 Serial number	代谢物名称 Metabolites name	平均保留时间 Average retention time/min	分子式 Molecular formula	分子量 Molecular weight	P值 P-Value
醇类 Alcohols
	1	2-己基-1-癸醇 2-Hexyl-1-decanol	7.06	C₁₆H₃₄O	242.44	0.3694
	2	2-己基-1-十二烷醇 2-Hexyl-1-dodecanol	10.72	C₁₈H₃₈O	270.49	0.9238
	3	1-三十七烷醇 1-Heptatriacotanol	13.03	C₃₇H₇₆O	537.00	0.0848
	4	1-庚烯-4-醇 1-Hepten-4-Ol	19.67	C₇H₁₄O	114.19	0.7827
	5	2-甲基-1-十六烷醇 2-Methylhexadecan-1-ol	10.37	C₁₇H₃₆O	256.47	0.3787
	6	2-丁基-1-辛醇 2-Butyl-1-octanol	6.90	C₁₂H₂₆O	186.34	P ＜ 0.05
	7	1,30-三十烷二醇 1,30-Triacontanediol	24.24	C₃₀H₆₂O₂	454.81	0.1538
	8	全反-2,6,10,15,19,23-六甲基-1,6,10,14,18,22-二十四六烯-3-醇 1,6,10,14,18,22-Tetracosahexaen-3-Ol, 2,6,10,15,19,23-Hexamethyl-, (All-E)-(.+/-.)-	22.39	C₃₀H₅₀O	426.72	0.0590
	9	11-甲基十二醇 11-Methyldodecanol	6.98	C₁₃H₂₈O	200.36	0.2095
	10	2,4-二甲基-3-戊醇 2,4-Dimethyl-3-Pentanol	16.16	C₇H₁₆O	116.20	0.1324
	11	日耳曼醇Germanicol	25.50	C₃₀H₅₀O	426.72	0.0699
	12	十六烷基硫醇 Tert-Hexadecanethiol	8.88	C₁₆H₃₄S	258.50	0.2806
醛类 Aldehydes
	13	二十六烷醛 Hexacosanal	18.52	C₂₆H₅₂O	380.70	P ＜ 0.05
	14	壬醛 Nonanal	5.06	C₉H₁₈O	142.24	P ＜ 0.05
	15	二十八烷醛 Octacosanal	21.47	C₂₈H₅₆O	408.74	P ＜ 0.05
	16	二十四烷醛 Tetracosanal	16.28	C₂₄H₄₈O	352.64	P ＜ 0.05
酮类 Ketones
	17	1-(2,6,6-三甲基-1-环己烯-1-基)-1-戊烯-3-酮 1-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-1-Cyclohexen-1-Yl)-1-Penten-3-One	7.68	C₁₄H₂₂O	206.32	0.0842
	18	6-甲基-5-(1-甲基亚乙基)-6,8-壬二烯-2-酮 6-Methyl-5-(1-Methylethylidene)-6,8-Nonadien-2-One	10.39	C₁₃H₂₀O	192.30	P ＜ 0.05
	19	植酮 Phytone	11.21	C₁₈H₃₆O	268.49	P ＜ 0.05
烷烃 Alkanes
	20	十五烷 Pentadecane	8.58	C₁₅H₃₂	212.41	0.6509
	21	十六烷 Hexadecane	9.40	C₁₆H₃₄	226.44	0.3074
	22	十八烷 Octadecane	12.16	C₂₆H₅₄	366.71	P ＜ 0.05
	23	十九烷 Nonadecane	8.30	C₁₉H₄₀	268.52	0.3559
	24	二十一烷 Heneicosane	12.77	C₂₁H₄₄	296.57	P ＜ 0.05
	25	二十三烷 Tricosane	13.92	C₂₃H₄₈	324.63	P ＜ 0.05
	26	二十五烷 Pentacosane	15.10	C₂₅H₅₂	352.68	P ＜ 0.05
	27	二十七烷 Heptacosane	16.70	C₂₇H₅₆	380.73	P ＜ 0.05
	28	二十九烷 Nonacosane	19.12	C₂₉H₆₀	408.79	P ＜ 0.05
	29	三十烷 Triacontane	14.47	C₃₀H₆₂	422.81	P ＜ 0.05
	30	三十一烷 Hentriacontane	22.04	C₃₁H₆₄	436.84	P ＜ 0.05
	31	三十六烷 Hexatriacontane	24.75	C₃₆H₇₄	506.97	P ＜ 0.05
	32	四十四烷 Tetratetracontane	20.58	C₄₄H₉₀	619.19	P ＜ 0.05
烯烃 Alkenes
	33	α-法呢烯 Alpha.-Farnesene	8.74	C₁₅H₂₄	204.35	0.1223
	34	5,5-二甲基-1-乙基-1,3-环戊二烯 1,3-Cyclopentadiene, 5,5-Dimethyl-1-Ethyl-	5.96	C₉H₁₄	122.21	0.0649
	35	1,5,6,7-四甲基双环[3.2.0]七-2,6-二烯 1,5,6,7-Tetramethylbicyclo [3.2.0]Hepta-2,6-Diene	7.93	C₁₁H₁₆	148.24	P ＜ 0.05
	36	17-三十五烯 17-Pentatriacontene	21.89	C₃₅H₇₀	490.94	P ＜ 0.05
	37	24-去甲乌苏-3,12-二烯 24-Norursa-3,12-Diene	27.10	C₂₉H₄₆	394.68	P ＜ 0.05
	38	齐墩果-11,13(18)-二烯 Oleana-11,13(18)-Diene	22.17	C₃₀H₄₈	408.70	P ＜ 0.05
酯类 Esters
	39	山嵛醇乙酸酯 1-Docosanol, Acetate	16.01	C₂₄H₄₈O₂	368.64	P ＜ 0.05
	40	1-萘乙酸,戊基酯 1-Naphthaleneacetic Acid, Pentyl Ester	27.69	C₁₇H₂₀O₂	256.34	P ＜ 0.05
	41	1,2-苯二羧酸 1-丁基 2-(8-甲基壬基)酯 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic Acid, Butyl 8-Methylnonyl Ester	12.13	C₂₂H₃₄O₄	362.50	0.7409
	42	1,3,5(10)-雌甾三烯-3,17β-二醇,17-乙酸酯 1,3,5(10)-Estratrien-3,17.Beta.-Diol, 17-Acetate Ester	13.38	C₂₀H₂₆O₃	314.42	P ＜ 0.05
	43	对苯二甲酸二辛酯 1,4-Benzenedicarboxylic Acid, Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Ester	17.48	C₂₄H₃₈O₄	390.56	0.4835
	44	10-乙酰氧基-2-羟基-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-七甲基-1,3,4,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10, 11,12,12a,12b,13,14b-十八氢-2h-苉-4a-羧酸,甲基酯 10-Acetoxy-2-Hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-Heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11, 12,12a,12b,13,14b-Octadecahydro-2h-Picene-4a-Carboxylic Acid, Methyl Ester	22.48	C₃₃H₅₂O₅	528.76	0.0599
	45	花生酸花生基酯 Eicosanoic Acid, Eicosyl Ester	35.73	C₄₀H₈₀O₂	593.06	P ＜ 0.05
	46	(3β,13β,14β)-13,27-环乌苏n-3-醇,乙酸酯 (3.Beta.,13.Beta.,14.Beta.)-13,27-Cycloursan-3-Ol, Acetate	27.94	C₃₂H₅₂O₂	468.77	P ＜ 0.05
	47	4,8,12,16-四甲基十七烷-4-内酯 4,8,12,16-Tetramethylheptadecan-4-Olide	14.38	C₂₁H₄₀O₂	324.54	P ＜ 0.05
	48	蜡酸甲酯C26 Hexacosanoic Acid, Methyl Ester	19.80	C₂₇H₅₄O₂	410.72	P ＜ 0.05
	49	α,β-二棕榈酸甘油酯 Hexadecanoic Acid, 1-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,2-Ethanediyl Ester	10.03	C₁₆H₁₅N₃O₂	281.31	P ＜ 0.05
	50	乙酸橙花叔醇酯 Nerolidyl Acetate	27.33	C₁₇H₂₈O₂	264.40	P ＜ 0.05
	51	丙烯酸四氢糠基酯 Tetrahydrofurfuryl Acrylate	19.68	C₈H₁₂O₃	156.18	P ＜ 0.05
脂肪酸 Fatty acids
	52	异丁酸 Isobutyric acid	21.12	C₄H₈O₂	88.11	0.7293
	53	二甘醇酐 1,4-Dioxane-2,6-Dione	28.59	C₄H₄O₄	116.07	0.3623
三萜类 Triterpenes
	54	白桦脂醛 Betulinaldehyde	28.61	C₃₀H₄₈O₂	440.70	P ＜ 0.05
	55	角鲨烯 Squalene	18.27	C₃₀H₅₀	410.72	0.2711
	56	无羁萜 Friedelan-3-One	11.98	C₃₀H₅₀O	426.72	0.0683
	57	α-乙酸香树脂醇 Urs-12-En-3-Ol, Acetate, (3.Beta.)-	27.21	C₃₂H₅₂O₂	468.75	0.1565
	58	β-香树脂醇乙酸酯 Olean-12-En-3-Ol, Acetate, (3.Beta.)-	27.28	C₃₂H₅₂O₂	468.75	P ＜ 0.05
	59	羊毛甾醇 (3.Beta.)-Lanosta-8,24-Dien-3-Ol	26.69	C₃₅H₅₀O	426.72	P ＜ 0.05
	60	乙酸环阿屯酯 9,19-Cyclolanost-24-En-3-Ol, Acetate, (3.Beta.)-	28.60	C₃₂H₅₂O₂	468.75	P ＜ 0.05
	61	24-亚甲基环木菠萝烷醇乙酸酯 24-Methylene-9,19-cyclolanostan-3-yl acetate	30.38	C₃₃H₅₄O₂	482.78	0.1055
	62	羽扇烯酮 Lupenone	23.52	C₃₀H₄₈O	424.70	P ＜ 0.05
	63	羽扇豆醇 3-乙酸酯 Lupeol 3-acetate	27.95	C₃₂H₅₂O₂	468.75	P ＜ 0.05
酚类 Phenols
	64	2,4,6-三甲氧基苯乙酮 2,4,6-Trimethoxyacetophenone	9.07	C₁₁H₁₄O₄	210.23	P ＜ 0.05
	65	4,4′-亚丁基双(6-叔丁基-3-甲基苯酚) 4,4′-Butylidenebis(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol)	20.69	C₂₆H₃₈O₂	382.58	0.6872

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