Functional Properties and Relationship with Soil of Leaves on 7 Varieties of Lauraceae
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摘要:
目的 植物叶片是生物环境变化的指示器，研究叶功能性状可以深入探究植物自身的调节机制，为选择适宜的地区树种栽培提供参考。 方法 以黄山学院校园内7种樟科植物：香樟（Cinnamomum camphora）、天竺桂（Cinnamomum japonicum）、紫楠（Phoebe sheareri）、乌药（Lindera aggregata）、山胡椒（Lindera glauca）、檫木（Sassafras tzumu）和浙江楠（Phoebe chekiangensis）为试材，对其叶片长、宽、鲜重、干重、SPAD值、叶面积及相应的土壤指标进行测定，并计算叶形指数、比叶面积、比叶质量和叶干物质含量，比较探究同科不同种间植物叶片功能的差异性，同时分析各叶功能性状间以及性状和土壤因子间的相关性。 结果 ①紫楠和浙江楠虽在外观形态上表现相似，但紫楠的叶功能性状均值普遍大于浙江楠，且浙江楠种内叶功能性状变异系数（CV）为0%~10%；②乌药和山胡椒虽同为林下栽培，但乌药叶片SPAD值、叶干物质含量显著高于山胡椒，而山胡椒的比叶面积、叶面积却显著高于乌药；③檫木属落叶乔木，其变异系数普遍高于其他常绿树种；④各叶功能性状间及与土壤因子间呈现出显著相关性，其中土壤电导率与比叶质量的相关性最强（R2=0.646 3）。 结论 不同种的樟科植物在相同生境下会形成不同的响应机制，落叶树种依赖“高效-瞬时型”效应，而常绿树种依赖“稳定-持久型”效应；植物叶功能性状是鉴定树种的手段之一，可用来辨别外形相似的2个树种；浙江楠为外来引种，其叶功能性状变异系数在种内较低，通过多年观测能在生长期内正常开花结实，因此可视为引种成功；此外在实际生产中通过监控土壤电导率能有效反应植物叶片比叶质量的高低变化。 Abstract:Objective Reflecting environmental conditions, the functional properties of plant leaves were analyzed to understand the regulation mechanisms to improve forestation. Method Length, width, area, fresh and dry weights, and SPAD of leaves on Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum japonicum, Phoebe sheareri, Lindera aggregata, Lindera glauca, Sassafras tzumu, and Phoebe chekiangensis at the campus of Huangshan University were measured to derive the indexes, specific area, mass per area, and dry matter content of them. Properties of the soils on which the plants grew were tested to correlate with the leaf functional traits using the single factor analysis of variance and multiple comparisons. Result ① P. sheareri was morphologically like P. chekiangensis but generally scored higher on the functional indicators with a coefficient of variation in the range of 0≤CV≤10%. ② L. aggregata had significantly higher leaf SPAD and dry matters content but lower specific area and area than L. glauca. ③ Deciduous S. tzumu was generally higher than evergreens on the coefficient of variation. ④ Soil conductivity was extremely significantly correlated with the leaf mass per area of the trees grown on the land with an R2 = 0.646 3. Conclusion Various Lauraceae plants grown on similar habitats differed in response to environmental conditions. Deciduous trees responded to the changes "effectively and transiently", while evergreens "stably and persistently". The functional properties of the leaves on a plant could be used to distinguish species with a similar outward appearance. Showing a low coefficient of variation on the leaf functional traits and consistent flowering and fruiting in the years of observation, P. chekiangensis was considered a choice candidate for forestation. In a forest, the electrical conductivity of the soil could be monitored to effectively predict the changes in leaf mass per area of the trees. -
Key words:
- Lauraceae /
- plant leaf functional traits /
- soil indicators /
- difference /
- correlation
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图 1 叶片功能性状间的相关性
*P＜0.05表明显著相关；**P＜0.01表明极显著相关；颜色越深表明相关性越高。
Figure 1. Correlations among leaf functional traits
* indicates significant correlation at 0.05 level; ** indicates extremely significant correlation at 0.01 level; darker color indicates higher correlation.
图 2 叶功能性状与土壤EC值线性回归图
Figure 2. Linear regression diagram of leaf functional traits and soil electrical conductivity values
表 1 树种简介
Table 1. Information on various Lauraceae species
树种名称 Name 生长类型
Growth form树龄
Tree age/a种植区域
Planting region说明
Note香樟 C. camphora 常绿树种 evergreen tree 17 行道 Pedestrian area 本土树种 Native trees 天竺桂 C. japonicum 常绿树种 evergreen tree 12 行道 Pedestrian area 本土树种 Native trees 紫楠 P. sheareri 常绿树种 evergreen tree 18 行道 Pedestrian area 本土树种 Native trees 乌药 L. aggregata 常绿树种 evergreen tree 10 游憩区 Recreation area 本土树种 Native trees 山胡椒 L. glauca 落叶树种 deciduous tree 8 游憩区 Recreation area 本土树种 Native trees 檫木 S. tzumu 落叶树种 deciduous tree 26 游憩区 Recreation area 本土树种 Native trees 浙江楠 P. chekiangensis 常绿树种 evergreen tree 16 教学科研区 Teaching research department 引种 Introduction 
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表 2 叶功能性状分异特征
Table 2. Characteristic differentiations on leaf functional traits
功能性状
Functional trait均值±标准差
Mean ± standard deviation中位数
Median value最小值
Minimum value最大值
Maximum value变异系数
Coefficient of variation/%F值
F value叶长 Leaf length/cm 10.42±2.62 10.32 6.33 17.06 25.15 33.52** 叶宽 Leaf width/cm 4.49±0.86 4.28 3.10 6.04 19.23 11.49** 叶鲜重 Leaf fresh weight/g 0.58±0.33 0.60 0.10 1.49 56.13 60.05** 叶干重 Leaf dry weight/g 0.27±0.17 0.30 0.04 0.77 63.29 63.60** 叶面积 Leaf area/cm2 30.59±12.87 27.45 13.75 68.04 42.08 23.53** 叶片SPAD值 Leaf SPAD values 41.55±7.64 42.56 24.02 51.12 18.39 52.24** 叶形指数 Leaf index 2.36±0.59 2.18 1.49 3.83 25.19 34.61** 比叶质量 Leaf mass per area/(g·cm−2) 0.009 0±0.004 5 0.010 3 0.001 8 0.017 9 50.34 130.29** 比叶面积 Specific leaf area/(cm2·g−1) 164.76±124.49 97.50 55.88 567.00 75.56 36.30** 叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content/% 45.61±9.80 47.84 19.74 63.55 21.48 8.37** **表示各性状在种间差异显著。
** indicates that the traits differ significantly between species.
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表 3 7种樟科植物种间叶功能性状分异特征
Table 3. Characteristic differentiations on leaf functional traits of 7 species of Lauraceae
植物名称
Plant name项目
Item叶长
Leaf/cm叶宽
Leaf
width/cm叶鲜重
Leaf fresh
weight/g叶干重
Leaf dry
weight/g叶面积
Leaf area/cm2叶片SPAD值
Leaf SPAD
values叶形指数
Leaf
index比叶质量
Leaf mass per area/
(g·cm−2)比叶面积
Specific leaf area/
(cm2·g−1)叶干物质含量
Leaf dry matter
content/%香樟
C. camphora平均值
Mean value9.23±0.46 c 4.42±0.22 b 0.68±0.06 b 0.33±0.02 b 26.74±2.12 b 49.09±1.58 a 2.09±0.12 c 0.012 4±0.000 5 d 80.56±2.92 ab 49.29±2.85 a 变异系数
CV/%4.96 4.95 9.24 7.5 7.91 3.21 5.59 3.64 3.63 5.77 天竺桂
C. japonicum平均值
Mean value10.79±1.37 b 3.24±0.17 c 0.69±0.05 b 0.36±0.03 b 22.81±2.22 ab 49.05±1.39 a 3.35±0.54 a 0.015 9±0.001 3 e 63.22±4.98 a 52.28±1.11 a 变异系数
CV/%12.73 5.15 7.71 8.74 9.72 2.83 16.25 8.15 7.88 2.12 紫楠
P. sheareri平均值
Mean value15.28±1.35 a 5.45±0.53 a 1.17±0.23 a 0.57±0.13 a 54.19±10.43 d 47.10±2.33 a 2.81±0.13 b 0.010 7±0.001 8 c 96.28±19.44 ab 49.13±6.78 a 变异系数
CV/%8.84 9.71 19.51 22.7 19.25 4.94 4.61 16.54 20.2 13.8 乌药
L. aggregata平均值
Mean value7.88±0.24 d 4.48±0.73 b 0.28±0.04 d 0.15±0.01 c 19.38±1.92 a 43.26±1.97 b 1.79±0.23 d 0.007 6±0.000 6 b 131.92±12.61 b 52.64±5.51 a 变异系数
CV/%3.04 16.27 13.01 4.33 9.91 4.55 12.64 8.43 9.56 10.48 山胡椒
L. glauca平均值
Mean value11.21±0.96 b 5.36±0.37 a 0.41±0.08 c 0.12±0.02 d 39.61±5.07 c 28.58±4.44 d 2.09±0.1 d 0.003 1±0.000 3 a 327.52±29.66 c 30.67±6.99 c 变异系数
CV/%8.55 6.91 19.1 13.47 12.81 15.55 4.8 8.97 9.06 22.79 檫木
S. tzumu平均值
Mean value7.68±1.72 d 4.35±1.00 b 0.18±0.08 d 0.06±0.02 d 22.50±10.82 ab 36.61±3.15 c 1.77±0.11 d 0.003 2±0.001 3 a 357.01±127.04 c 39.04±13.74 b 变异系数
CV/%22.41 23.03 44.36 37.84 48.08 8.6 6.37 41.51 35.58 35.2 浙江楠
P. chekiangensis平均值
Mean value10.88±0.70 b 4.14±0.18 b 0.65±0.06 b 0.30±0.03 b 28.89±2.28 b 37.16±2.18 c 2.63±0.13 b 0.010 3±0.000 2 c 96.83±2.11 ab 46.23±0.25 ab 变异系数
CV/%6.43 4.4 9.64 9.57 7.9 5.86 5.06 2.15 2.18 0.55 同列中不同小写字母表示物种间差异显著（P＜0.05）。
Different lowercase letters in same column mean significant difference among trees at 0.05 level.
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