多粘类芽孢杆菌NPDY05-8对玉米茎基腐病的防治效果及对土壤微生物的影响

邓云; 田大刚; 苏妍; 刘友; 许卿; 肖翔; 李正美; 刘小灿; 郭建忠

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.12.008

多粘类芽孢杆菌NPDY05-8对玉米茎基腐病的防治效果及对土壤微生物的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.12.008

邓云^1,,
田大刚²,
苏妍¹,
刘友¹,
许卿¹,
肖翔¹,
李正美³,
刘小灿⁴,
郭建忠³

1.
福建省南平市农业科学研究所，福建　南平　354200
2.
福建省农业科学院生物技术研究所，福建　福州　350001
3.
南平市建阳区农业农村局，福建　南平　354200
4.
福建省建瓯市农业技术推广站，福建　建瓯　353100

基金项目: 福建省农业科学院英才项目（YC2019004）；

详细信息

作者简介:
邓云（1981 —），女，硕士，高级农艺师，主要从事植物保护研究，E-mail：25362663@qq.com

中图分类号: X172
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-22
- 修回日期: 2023-08-31
- 网络出版日期: 2023-12-21
- 刊出日期: 2023-12-28

Control on Maize Stalk Rot and Effects on Soil Microbes of Paenibacillus polymyxa

1.
Nanping Institute of Agricultural Science, Nanping, Fujian　354200, China
2.
Research Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350001, China
3.
Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Jianyang District, Nanping, Fujian　354200, China
4.
Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Jian'ou, Fujian　353100, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探明多粘类芽孢杆菌NPDY05-8灌施土壤后对玉米茎基腐病的防治效果，及该菌在土壤中定植情况和对土壤的细菌和真菌等微生物群落的影响。方法利用Illumina MiSeq 高通量测序技术，以未灌施菌株NPDY05-8和种植花生轮作的土壤为对照，对灌施多粘类芽孢杆菌NPDY05-8试验地土壤的细菌及真菌群落组成结构进行研究分析。结果该菌株对玉米茎基腐病的田间防治效果在2021年达90.92%，2022年达95.68%，显著优于化学药剂的防效。土壤菌群分析结果显示菌株NPDY05-8能够在土壤中定植，且长期存在于土壤当中。施用菌株NPDY05-8一年Y1和30日Y2的土壤细菌多样性OTUS分别为1 096个和1 149个，均高于未施用菌株的土壤Y3的973个及轮作土壤的941个；赤霉菌属的丰度Y1为4.15%、Y2为8.76%，均低于未施用菌株的土壤Y3的17.18%；镰刀菌属的丰度Y1为0.80%、Y2为1.12%，均低于未施用菌株的土壤Y3的2.17%；施用菌株一年的土壤与施用菌株30日的土壤在细菌和真菌水平的相关性指数高，距离最近。结论灌施菌株NPDY05-8能改变土壤的真菌及细菌的种群结构，控制有害真菌，达到持久改良土壤和防治土传性真菌病害的目的。
- 多粘类芽孢杆菌 /
- 玉米茎基腐病 /
- 高通量测序 /
- 土壤微生物
Abstract: Objective Control on maize stalk rot and effects on soil microbial communities by the addition ofPaenibacillus polymyxa in soil were studied. Method On a peanut rotational cultivation field, composition and structure of the microbial communities in the soil were determined using the illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technique to compare with those on the land incorporated with P. polymyxa NPDY05-8. Result The disease control on the maize stalk rot by addition of NPDY05-8 in soil reached 90.92% in 2021 and 96.58% in 2022 as shown by the experiment. Those were significantly more effective than what was achieved by using chemical treatments. NPDY05-8 continued to present in soil after the colonization in a year (Y1) with an OTU of 1 096 and in 30-d (Y2) of 1 149, which were significantly higher than control (Y3) of 941. Meanwhile, the population of Gibberella at 4.15% in Y1 and 8.76% in Y2 were significantly lower than that in Y3 at 17.18%; and that of Fusarium at 0.80% in Y1 and 1.12% in Y2, significantly lower than that in Y3 at 2.17%. Conclusion Addition of NPDY05-8 in maize field altered the microbial community in the soil that significantly provided a lasting control effect on the pathogenic fungi for maize farming.
- Paenibacillus polymyxa /
- maize stalk rot /
- high throughput sequencing /
- Soil Microorganisms

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图 1 不同处理土壤细菌（A）和真菌（B）的Alpha指数稀释性曲线图

Figure 1. Dilution plot of alpha index for bacteria (A) and fungi (B) in soil by treatments

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图 2 不同处理土壤样本细菌（A）和真菌（B）物种分布韦恩图

Figure 2. Venn diagram on species distributions of bacteria (A) and fungi (B) in soil under treatments

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图 3 不同处理土壤样本细菌（A）和真菌（B）样本相关性热图

Figure 3. Heat map on correlation between bacteria (A) and fungi (B) in soil

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图 6 不同处理样品赤霉菌属和镰刀菌属的相对丰度

Figure 6. Relative abundance of Gibberella and Fusarium in soil under treatments

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表 1 多粘类芽孢杆菌NPDY05-8对玉米茎基腐病的田间防效

Table 1. Field efficacy of NPDY05-8 against maize stalk rot

年份 Year	药剂 Pesticide	病情指数 Disease indexes/%	防治效果 Prevention effect/%
2021	菌株NPDY05-8 Strain NPDY05-8	3.23 ± 0.34 a	90.92 ± 0.65 a
	l5%乙蒜素可湿性粉剂 15% Ethylicin wettable powder	16.09 ± 0.45 b	55.71 ± 1.14 b
	15%多菌灵可湿性粉剂 15% Carbendazim wettable powder	16.39 ± 1.53 b	54.90 ± 8.51 b
	清水Clean water(CK)	36.68 ± 0.68 c
2022	菌株NPDY05-8 Strain NPDY05-8	1.04 ± 0.17 a	95.68 ± 0.71 a
	l5%乙蒜素可湿性粉剂 15% Ethylicin wettable powder	11.69 ± 2.05 b	51.63 ± 8.50 b
	15%多菌灵可湿性粉剂 15% Carbendazim wettable powder	12.21 ± 2.83 b	49.49 ± 11.71 b
	清水 Clean water(CK)	24.17 ± 0.93 c
同列数据后不同小写字母表示同一年份同一指标不同处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。 Data with different lowercase letters on same column indicate significant differences between treatments on same indicator in same year (P＜0.05).

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表 2 不同处理土壤样本主要细菌在门水平上不同种群的相对丰度

Table 2. Relative abundances of microbes at phylum level in soil

项目 Item	Y1/%	Y2/%	Y3/%	Y4/%
变形菌门 Proteobacteria	41.18 ± 1.43 a	31.52 ± 0.58 a	42.31 ± 2.33 a	30.57 ± 1.03 a
酸杆菌门 Acidobacteria	21.34 ± 1.05 ab	15.90 ± 1.41 b	17.34 ± 2.12 ab	28.05 ±1.23 a
放线细菌 Actinobacteria	8.25 ± 1.33 b	12.27 ± 2.56 ab	13.75 ±0.88 a	7.07 ±0.76 b
未分类的细菌 unclassified_Bacteria	11.08 ± 0.89 a	15.67 ± 1.36 a	12.22 ±1.18 a	8.87 ± 0.79 b
芽单胞菌门 Gemmatimonadetes	5.18 ± 0.66 b	3.10 ± 0.53 bc	2.92 ± 0.36 c	10.38 ± 1.22 a
拟杆菌门 Bacteroidetes	3.53 ± 0.53 a	3.45 ± 0.80 a	2.18 ± 0.69 b	3.95 ± 1.03 a
无中文名 Candidatus_Saccharibacteria	2.47 ± 0.26 a	1.99 ± 0.15 a	2.69 ± 1.01 a	0.84 ± 0.25 b
厚壁菌门 Firmicutes	1.85 ± 0.38 b	2.95 ± 0.09 a	0.42 ± 0.08 c	2.14 ± 0.08 b
绿弯菌门 Chloroflexi	1.80 ± 0.40 c	5.75 ± 0.70 a	3.77 ± 0.66 ab	1.57 ± 0.58 c
疣微菌门 Verrucomicrobia	1.24 ± 0.36 b	2.40 ± 0.55 ab	0.57 ± 0.06 c	3.52 ± 0.58 a
浮霉菌门 Planctomycetes	0.77 ± 0.19 b	2.43 ± 0.29 a	0.92 ± 0.08 b	1.15 ± 0.04 b
装甲菌门 Armatimonadetes	0.59 ± 0.05 a	0.34 ± 0.02 a	0.15 ± 0.01 a	0.47 ± 0.19 a
硝化螺旋菌门 Nitrospirae	0.35 ± 0.02 b	0.51 ± 0.04 b	0.35 ± 0.07 b	1.08 ± 0.08 a
蓝藻门 Cyanobacteria	0.19 ± 0.01 b	1.11 ± 0.18 a	0.002 ± 0.01 c	0.09 ± 0.02 b
同行数据后不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。表3、4同。 Data with different lowercase letters on same row indicate significant differences between treatments (P＜0.05). The same as table3-4.

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表 3 不同处理土壤样本主要真菌在门水平上不同种群的相对丰度

Table 3. Relative abundance of major fungi at phylum level in soil under treatments

项目 Item	Y1/%	Y2/%	Y3/%	Y4/%
子囊菌门 Ascomycota	33.53 ± 1.57 d	52.99 ± 2.11 c	67.93 ± 1.93 a	62.26 ± 1.93 b
担子菌门 Basidiomycota	56.28 ± 2.67 a	32.00 ± 2.22 b	14.44 ± 2.50 c	30.54 ±2.27 b
被孢菌门 Mortierellomycota	8.33 ± 3.84 b	10.06 ± 1.66 a	11.24 ± 1.49 a	3.98 ± 0.85 b
壶菌门 Chytridiomycota	0.15 ± 0.06 c	1.94 ± 0.09 a	1.55 ± 0.19 b	0.36 ± 0.06 c
毛霉门 Mucoromycota	0.05 ± 0.03 c	0.26 ± 0.10 b	1.02 ± 0.15 a	0.09 ± 0.02 c

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表 4 不同处理样本的类芽孢杆菌在不同分类水平上的丰度

Table 4. Abundance of bacteria at different classification levels in soil under treatments

项目 Item	Y1/%	Y2/%	Y3/%	Y4/%
厚壁菌门 Firmicutes	1.85 ± 0.38 b	2.95 ± 0.09 a	0.42 ± 0.08 c	2.14 ± 0.08 b
芽孢杆菌纲 Bacilli	1.58 ± 0.26 a	1.91 ± 0.33 a	0.41 ± 0.12 b	1.28 ± 0.45 a
芽孢杆菌目 Bacillales	1.58 ± 0.26 a	1.91 ± 0.33 a	0.41 ± 0.12 b	1.28 ± 0.45 a
芽孢杆菌科 Bacillaceae	0.40 ± 0.09 a	0.43 ± 0.09 a	0.02 ± 0 b	0.02 ± 0 b
类芽孢杆菌属 Paenibacillus	0.12 ± 0.01 b	0.26 ± 0.01 a	0.02 ± 0 c	0.02 ± 0 c

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