福建永泰茶树种质资源遗传多样性分析及DNA指纹图谱构建

王攀; 于文涛; 吕水源; 朱艳宇; 兰振良; 李青颖; 李国来; 贵文静; 叶乃兴

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.01.009

福建永泰茶树种质资源遗传多样性分析及DNA指纹图谱构建

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.01.009

1.
福建农林大学园艺学院，福建　福州　350002
2.
福州海关技术中心/福建省检验检疫技术研究重点实验室，福建　福州　350001
3.
福建省卢峰茶业有限公司，福建　永泰　350700
4.
福建省永泰县紫山天茗茶叶专业合作社，福建　永泰　350704

基金项目: 福建省农业科技引导性项目（2021N0024）；海关总署科研项目（2020HK187）；福建农林大学横向课题（KH220008A）；福建张天福茶叶发展基金会科技创新基金（FJZTF01）

详细信息

作者简介:
王攀（1996 —），男，硕士研究生，主要从事茶树栽培育种研究，E-mail：3210330055@fafu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
于文涛（1984 —），男，博士，正高级农艺师，主要从事植物种质资源研究，E-mail： wtyu@foxmail.com

叶乃兴（1963 —），男，硕士，教授，主要从事茶树栽培育种与茶叶品质化学研究，E-mail： ynxtea@126.com

中图分类号: S571.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-09-08
- 修回日期: 2023-11-14
- 网络出版日期: 2024-01-06
- 刊出日期: 2024-01-28

Genetic Diversity and DNA Fingerprints of Tea Germplasms in Yongtai, Fujian

1.
College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
2.
Technology Centre of Fuzhou Customs/Fujian Key Laboratory for Technology Research of Inspection and Quarantine, Fuzhou, Fujian　350001, China
3.
Fujian Lufeng Tea Industry Co., Ltd., Yongtai, Fujian　350700, China
4.
Zishan Tianming Tea Professional Cooperative in Yongtai , Yongtai , Fujian　350704, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析永泰县茶树种质资源的遗传多样性及群体结构，探明不同茶树资源群体的亲缘关系，为当地茶树种质资源的收集和优异种质利用提供依据。方法利用 EST-SNP 分子标记技术对77份永泰及其周边地区茶树种质资源进行亲缘关系和遗传多样性分析。结果筛选出48个适用于鉴定永泰茶树种质的SNP位点。这些 SNP 位点的多态性信息指数平均值为0.407，观测杂合度平均值为0.303，期望杂合度平均值为0.271，固定指数平均值为−0.092，次等位基因频率平均值为0.268。通过主坐标分析、聚类分析和 Structure 群体结构分析，发现永泰茶树种质的同一群体内部的交流多于不同群体之间的交流，且梧桐的茶树种质与洑口、丹云等地的种质差异较大，两者间的遗传距离较远，但又与尤溪和大田的茶树亲缘关系较近。此外，应用筛选出的48个高质量 SNP 位点构建了54份永泰茶树种质的 DNA 指纹图谱，可用于相关茶树种质的精确鉴定。结论永泰县茶树种质资源多样性丰富；永泰县茶树种质资源按照地理位置可划分为梧桐镇产区和其他地区两个类群；梧桐茶树资源与大田和尤溪的茶树资源亲缘关系较为密切，而洑口、丹云等地的茶树资源与永泰县北部产茶地的茶树资源亲缘关系更近。
- 永泰 /
- 茶树 /
- 种质资源 /
- 遗传多样性 /
- 亲缘关系 /
- 单核苷酸多态性
Abstract: Objective Genetic diversity and population structure of tea germplasms in Yongtai County were analyzed for resource utilization. Method The EST-SNP molecular marker technology was applied to analyze the genetic relationships and diversity of 77 tea germplasms collected from Yongtai and surrounding areas. Result Forty-eight SNP loci for identifying the germplasms were selected. The average polymorphism information index of the loci was 0.407 with an average observed heterozygosity of 0.303 and an expected one of 0.271, as well as the average fixed index of −0.092 and the frequency of secondary alleles of 0.268. The principal coordinate, cluster, and structure population structure analyses revealed that the interactions within a same population of the tea plants were stronger than among different populations at Yongtai, and that the tea germplasms found in Wutong significantly differed from those in Fukou, Danyun, and other places with significant genetic distance but close to those from Youxi and Datian. Using the 48 selected high-quality SNP loci, a library of the DNA fingerprints on 54 germplasms from Yongtai was established to provide a means for accurate germplasm identification. Conclusion Yongtai County was rich in the resource of varieties of tea plants, which could be classified geographically into those from Wutong and those from Fukou, Danyun and other localities in the county. The cultivars from Wutong were more closely related to those found in Datian and Youxi, whereas those from Fukou, Danyun, etc. more to those existed in the north part of the county.
- Yongtai /
- Camellia sinensis /
- germplasms /
- genetic diversity /
- relationship /
- SNP

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图 1 48个多态性SNP标记的次要等位基因频率

Figure 1. Frequency on minor alleles of 48 polymorphic SNP markers

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 永泰茶树种质资源的PCoA 分析

A：基于前三个主成分的 77份茶树种质资源 PCoA 图；B：基于前三个主成分的54份永泰县内茶树种质资源 PCoA图。

Figure 2. PCoA of tea germplasms from Yongtai

A: PCoA plot of 77 tea germplasms based on top three principal components; B: PCoA plot of 54 germplasms from Yongtai based on top three principal components.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 永泰茶树种质资源的系统发育树与群体结构

K的比值=K的似然性二阶变化率的平均值/K 的似然度标准偏差；A：N-J树；B：层级树；C：K的比值；D：群体结构。

Figure 3. Phylogenetic tree and population structure of tea germplasms from Yongtai County

DeltaK=mean(|L"(K)|)/sd[L(K)]; A: Neighbor-joining tree; B: dendrogram on relationship among germplasms; C: Delta K; D: model-based germplasm structures.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 永泰茶树种质基于EST-SNP的DNA指纹图谱

Figure 4. DNA fingerprints of Yongtai tea germplasms based on EST-SNP

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 用于SNP基因分型的供试茶树种质

Table 1. Germplasms used for SNP genotyping

来源 Source	样品名称 Sample name	份数 Numbers
永泰北部相邻产茶区 Adjacent tea producing areas in the northern part of Yongtai	福州晋安 JA：鼓山1号～鼓山6号（01-06）；福州长乐 CL：长乐1号～长乐5号（07-11）	11
永泰丹云 DY	丹云1号～丹云11号（12-22）	11
永泰洑口 FK	洑口1号～洑口24号（23-46）	24
永泰梧桐 WT	梧桐1号～梧桐19号（47-65）	19
永泰南部相邻产茶区 Adjacent tea producing areas in the southern part of Yongtai	大田 DT：大田1号～大田3号（66-68）；尤溪 YX：尤溪1号～尤溪3号（69-71）；德化 DH：德化1号～德化6号（72-77）	12

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 48个多态性SNP位点的等位基因信息

Table 2. Information on alleles of 48 polymorphic SNP markers

位点 Locus	信息指数 I	观测杂合度 Ho	期望杂合度 He	固定指数 F	位点 Locus	信息指数 I	观测杂合度 Ho	期望杂合度 He	固定指数 F
cs1	0.453	0.326	0.299	−0.100	cs134	0.657	0.759	0.465	−0.620
cs115	0.622	0.527	0.432	−0.211	cs23	0.227	0.136	0.139	−0.036
cs15	0.381	0.281	0.244	−0.131	cs33	0.354	0.246	0.238	−0.027
cs167	0.441	0.410	0.301	−0.341	cs55	0.419	0.425	0.284	−0.430
cs3	0.327	0.146	0.194	0.106	cs76	0.291	0.227	0.183	−0.227
cs84	0.339	0.158	0.219	0.160	cs112	0.580	0.341	0.394	0.171
cs10	0.602	0.677	0.415	−0.570	cs139	0.531	0.378	0.353	−0.088
cs170	0.560	0.490	0.393	−0.230	cs191	0.379	0.106	0.261	0.607
cs202	0.566	0.406	0.382	−0.101	cs36	0.555	0.437	0.389	−0.130
cs51	0.435	0.415	0.286	−0.352	cs113	0.355	0.193	0.228	0.146
cs85	0.252	0.167	0.151	−0.092	cs122	0.471	0.529	0.329	−0.573
cs104	0.349	0.043	0.237	0.711	cs141	0.405	0.417	0.274	−0.432
cs131	0.576	0.298	0.393	0.212	cs198	0.436	0.269	0.276	−0.018
cs207	0.379	0.250	0.250	−0.014	cs213	0.310	0.231	0.201	−0.104
cs219	0.220	0.169	0.141	0.054	cs26	0.210	0.153	0.127	−0.183
cs31	0.280	0.240	0.181	−0.256	cs39	0.583	0.289	0.399	0.266
cs44	0.544	0.452	0.361	−0.182	cs48	0.221	0.187	0.144	−0.211
cs88	0.525	0.343	0.361	0.068	cs66	0.635	0.566	0.445	−0.269
cs132	0.197	0.140	0.118	−0.168	cs114	0.213	0.096	0.130	0.198
cs180	0.427	0.308	0.275	−0.143	cs146	0.176	0.120	0.103	−0.140
cs208	0.340	0.288	0.218	−0.242	cs20	0.170	0.101	0.102	−0.021
cs32	0.499	0.263	0.336	0.210	cs215	0.540	0.479	0.376	−0.254
cs54	0.441	0.285	0.289	−0.047	cs49	0.419	0.357	0.272	−0.258
cs9	0.468	0.294	0.313	0.084	cs81	0.170	0.133	0.107	−0.222

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 永泰与周边地区茶树种质资源群体间遗传分化指数和遗传距离

Table 3. Fixation indices and genetic distance of different tea populations in Yongtai

区域 Areas	晋安 JA	长乐 CL	丹云 DY	洑口 FK	梧桐 WT	大田 DT	尤溪 YX	德化 DH
晋安 JA		0.071	0.040	0.036	0.165	0.133	0.212	0.078
长乐 CL	0.079		0.048	0.043	0.161	0.103	0.218	0.109
丹云 DY	0.037	0.050		0.028	0.172	0.115	0.219	0.088
洑口 FK	0.035	0.050	0.023		0.170	0.109	0.208	0.078
梧桐 WT	0.203	0.191	0.213	0.209		0.088	0.160	0.141
大田 DT	0.152	0.102	0.122	0.124	0.070		0.212	0.113
尤溪 YX	0.220	0.221	0.227	0.225	0.121	0.160		0.192
德化 DH	0.086	0.125	0.098	0.086	0.155	0.114	0.182
上三角数据为种群间遗传分化指数（F_st）；下三角数据为种群间遗传距离（GD）。 Above diagonal: F_st; below diagonal : Nei^’s genetic distance (GD).

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表 4 77份茶树种质资源的AMOVA分析

Table 4. AMOVAs of 77 tea germplasms

差异来源 Source of variation	自由度 Mean of Square	平方和 Sum of Square	平均平方 Mean of Square	估算方差 Estimated variance	百分比 /%
种群之间 Among Pops	7	526.674	75.239	6.914	33
种群内部 Within Pops	69	981.794	14.229	14.229	67
合计 Total	76	1508.468	89.468	21.143	100

下载: 导出CSV

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