• 中文核心期刊
  • CSCD来源期刊
  • 中国科技核心期刊
  • CA、CABI、ZR收录期刊

狐尾藻对重金属锌的富集及体内分布特征

Accumulation, subcellular distribution, and chemical forms of zinc in Myriophyllum spicatum L.

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 探讨锌在狐尾藻（Myriophyllum spicatum L.）体内的富集性及分布特征。
    方法 通过水培试验研究不同锌浓度（0、50、200 mg·L−1）对狐尾藻生物量、株高、叶片表皮细胞变化和抗氧化酶活性的影响，分析各器官中锌积累含量及亚细胞分布和化学形态。
    结果 狐尾藻在各浓度锌处理下均能存活，当锌浓度50 mg·L−1时，狐尾藻株高和生物量相较于对照组（锌浓度0 mg·L−1）分别显著增加了22.87%和10.06%，根、叶中SOD活性也显著高于对照，而叶绿素和根、叶中MDA含量与对照无明显差异；当锌浓度为200 mg·L−1时，狐尾藻的株高、生物量相比对照无显著差异，而其叶绿素含量显著低于对照处理，根、叶中MDA和SOD活性显著高于对照，其叶片表皮细胞有部分损伤。锌处理后，狐尾藻根、茎和叶锌含量分别为55.48～242.44、14.78～31.02 mg·kg−1和18.01～69.79 mg·kg−1，Z1和Z2处理后各器官中锌含量显著高于对照处理，且根部中锌含量显著高于叶片和茎部。狐尾藻叶和茎中锌主要分布于细胞壁，分别占32.56%～49.50%和41.21%～43.52%；根中锌主要分布于可溶性组分，占比为32.10%～50.48%。狐尾藻叶和茎中锌的化学形态以氯化钠提取态、醋酸提取态、盐酸提取态为主，所占比例分别为77.00%～86.00%和81.00%～86.38%，根部中锌主要以水提取态、氯化钠提取态为主，占59.71%～63.65%。
    结论 由此可知，狐尾藻对锌具有较好的富集能力，其根部的富集能力大于茎叶。细胞壁沉积固定、液泡（可溶组分）区隔化及锌以多种低活性形态存在是狐尾藻积累与耐受锌的重要机制。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To explore the enrichment and distribution characteristics of zinc in the body of Myriophyllum spicatum L.,
    Method a hydroponic experiments was conducted to investigate its biomass, height, leaf epidermal cell variation and antioxidant enzyme activities. The subcellular distribution and chemical form of Zn in roots, stems and leaves were further analyzed.
    Result The results showed that M. spicatum can survive under different concentrations of Zn treatments. At a zinc concentration of 50 mg·L−1, both plant height and biomass significantly increased by 22.87% and 10.06%, respectively, compared to the control group, while there was no significant difference in chlorophyll content and MDA content in roots and leaves compared to the control. However, the SOD activity in roots and leaves was significantly higher than that of the control. Under a zinc concentration of 200 mg·L−1, there was no significant difference in the plant height and biomass of M. spicatum compared to the control. However, the chlorophyll content was significantly lower than that of the control treatment. Additionally, the roots and leaves exhibited significantly higher MDA content and SOD activity than the control. The leaf epidermal cells of M. spicatum exhibited partial damage. After Zn treatment, the Zn contents in the roots, stems and leaves of M. spicatum were 55.48～242.44, 14.78～31.02 mg·kg−1 and 18.01～69.79 mg·kg−1, respectively. The zinc contents in various organs of Z1 and Z2 treatments were significantly higher than those of the control, and the zinc content in the roots was significantly higher than that in the leaves and stems. The subcellular distribution of Zn in M. spicatum is mainly located in the cell wall parts of leaves and stems, accounting for 32.56%～49.50% and 41.21%～43.52%, respectively. Under exogenous Zn treatment, the Zn in the roots of M. spicatum was mainly present in soluble fractions, comprising 32.10%～50.48% of the total. The Zn existed in NaCl-, HAc-, and HCl-extracted forms in leaves and stems of M. spicatum accounting for 77.00%～86.00% and 81.00%～86.38%, respectively.And Zn mainly existed in water and NaCl-extracted forms in roots, accounting for 59.71%～63.65%.
    Conclusion Therefore, M. spicatum is a plant with better Zn accumulation, with roots having a stronger capacity than stems and leaves. The main resistance mechanism underlying Zn accumulation and tolerance in M. spicatum might involve cell wall retention, vacuoles segregation (soluble components) and the presence of Zn in various low-reactivity forms.

     

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