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播期及温度对紫两优737农艺性状、品质和类黄酮含量的影响

房贤涛 游晴如 王洪飞 郑建华 陈春霞 董瑞霞 陈双龙 廖发炼 董练飞 黄庭旭

房贤涛,游晴如,王洪飞,等. 播期及温度对紫两优737农艺性状、品质和类黄酮含量的影响 [J]. 福建农业学报,2023,38(7):772−782 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.07.002
引用本文: 房贤涛,游晴如,王洪飞,等. 播期及温度对紫两优737农艺性状、品质和类黄酮含量的影响 [J]. 福建农业学报,2023,38(7):772−782 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.07.002
FANG X T, YOU Q R, WANG H F, et al. Effects of Sowing Time and Ambient Temperature after Heading on Agronomic Traits and Grain Quality/Flavonoid Content of Ziliangyou 737 [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2023,38(7):772−782 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.07.002
Citation: FANG X T, YOU Q R, WANG H F, et al. Effects of Sowing Time and Ambient Temperature after Heading on Agronomic Traits and Grain Quality/Flavonoid Content of Ziliangyou 737 [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2023,38(7):772−782 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.07.002

播期及温度对紫两优737农艺性状、品质和类黄酮含量的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.07.002
基金项目: 福建省科技计划公益类专项(2020R1023004、2018R1021-6);福建省科技重大专项(2020NZ08016);福建省农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目(XTCXGC2021001)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    房贤涛(1980 —),男,硕士,助理研究员,主要从事水稻遗传育种研究,E-mail:187182644@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    黄庭旭(1964 —),男,硕士,研究员,主要从事水稻遗传育种研究,E-mail:610143535@qq.com

  • 中图分类号: S511

Effects of Sowing Time and Ambient Temperature after Heading on Agronomic Traits and Grain Quality/Flavonoid Content of Ziliangyou 737

  • 摘要:   目的  通过分期播种紫两优737,分析播期和灌浆期温度变化对紫两优737农艺性状、品质和类黄酮等含量的影响,为紫两优737的优质高产栽培提供技术支持。  方法  以紫两优737为材料,分期播种和种植,对紫两优737始穗后7、10、14、21 d环境温度变化和成熟期的农艺性状、品质及类黄酮含量等进行比较分析,并对相关关系进行回归分析。  结果  随着播期的推迟,有效积温EAT(Effective accumulated temperature)逐渐降低;紫两优737的株高降低,穗长随着播期的推迟先增加后逐渐减小。结实率和产量先降后升。始穗后10 d内的高温时数∑H(High temperature hours)、时热积温∑Th(Thermal accumulated temperature hour)严重影响水稻结实率;始穗后14 d内的日均温TA(Average temperature )对结实率也影响很大,当TA为31.645 ℃时,结实率最低,但是随着温度的升高,影响趋缓;始穗后21 d的日热积温∑Td(Daily thermal accumulated temperature)会造成水稻空瘪粒从而导致结实率下降。维生素含量与分期播种无明显相关,维生素绝对值较高的是VB5、VB6和VB2。随着播期的推迟,直链淀粉含量直线下降,直链淀粉含量受∑H、∑Td、∑Th影响,温度与直链淀粉含量显著正相关,后期高温对直链淀粉含量影响趋缓。在福建晚稻地区,TA控制在26.84 ℃以下,对于保持糯稻的品质较好;花青素和黄酮含量随播期推迟逐渐增加;随着播期推迟,种皮颜色由棕红色变为深黑色,始穗后14 d至成熟,∑Td、TA和EAT对二者影响显著,温度的升高直接导致种皮变为棕红色,二者含量随之下降。  结论  在确保安全齐穗的基础上,生产中可以调整紫两优737播期,抽穗灌浆期TA控制在26.84 ℃以下,使EAT控制在2336.69~2390 ℃·d,福建晚稻对应播期6月15~25日可使产量和品质兼顾。紫两优737要合理安排在高海拔地区种植或者抽穗灌浆期TA较低的地区。
  • 图  1  不同处理下紫两优737糙米颜色

    Figure  1.  Grain color of Ziliangyou 737 under different treatments

    表  1  不同播期处理的温度因子

    Table  1.   Temperatures indices of different sowing time

    指标
    Index
    记录时间
    Recording time
    Ⅰ期
    Stage Ⅰ
    Ⅱ期
    Stage Ⅱ
    Ⅲ期
    Stage Ⅲ
    Ⅳ期
    Stage Ⅳ
    Ⅴ期
    Stage Ⅴ
    Ⅵ期
    Stage Ⅵ
    高温时数 ∑H/h始穗后7 d
    37.6756.6751.334.008.6722.67
    始穗后10 d
    51.0082.3363.3316.0018.6742.00
    始穗后14 d
    80.00113.0065.3320.6719.0047.33
    始穗后21 d
    137.67164.3382.6735.0041.6747.33
    成熟期
    259.67190.00139.0082.3366.3347.33
    时热积温 ∑Th/(℃·h)始穗后7 d
    50.0975.1369.132.404.9025.18
    始穗后10 d
    68.47108.3682.705.8010.6050.17
    始穗后14 d
    109.78155.3484.817.2610.7057.29
    始穗后21 d
    120.40164.4791.6621.0616.3057.29
    成熟期
    329.11165.67156.8381.5567.9957.29
    日热积温 ∑Td/(℃·d)始穗后7 d
    7.336.356.734.525.405.54
    始穗后10 d
    10.309.609.858.579.907.53
    始穗后14 d
    13.7513.6712.0511.2710.009.45
    始穗后21 d
    20.2420.5220.7218.5715.549.45
    成熟期
    51.6939.9935.5528.0219.459.45
    日平均气温 TA/℃始穗后7 d
    30.9733.0132.1328.5528.6329.09
    始穗后10 d
    30.5532.9931.6928.7628.6129.84
    始穗后14 d
    30.9932.9730.7728.7428.3029.11
    始穗后21 d
    31.6932.3730.1228.5928.5626.40
    成熟期
    30.6730.2029.5328.4725.6223.18
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同播期紫两优737生育期及积温

    Table  2.   Growth period and EAT of Ziliangyou 737 under varied sowing times

    时期
    Stage
    播期
    Seeding time/
    (月-日)
    始穗期
    Initial heading time/
    (月-日)
    成熟期
    Maturation time/
    (月-日)
    始穗前有效积温
    EAT before initial heading/
    (℃·d)
    抽穗灌浆期有效积温
    EAT of initial heading to maturation/
    (℃·d)
    有效积温
    EAT/
    (℃·d)
    Ⅰ期 Stage Ⅰ05-1507-3009-201358.181058.852417.03
    Ⅱ期 Stage Ⅱ05-2508-1209-261520.43891.852412.28
    Ⅲ期 Stage Ⅲ06-0508-2310-041597.28737.282393.92
    Ⅳ期 Stage Ⅳ06-1509-0110-091643.78684.302328.08
    Ⅴ期 Stage Ⅴ06-2509-1110-281664.35698.582362.93
    Ⅵ期 Stage Ⅵ07-0509-2511-091719.00556.502275.50
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  紫两优737不同播期下农艺性状比较

    Table  3.   Agronomic traits of Ziliangyou 737 under varied sowing times

    时期
    Stage
    株高
    Plant height/
    cm
    有效穗
    Effective
    spikes
    穗长
    Spike length/
    cm
    穗均粒数
    Grain number
    per spike
    千粒重
    1000-grain
    weight/g
    结实率
    Seeding rate/
    %
    产量
    Yield/
    (kg·hm−2)
    Ⅰ期 Stage Ⅰ116.70±0.42 a12.95±0.39 a24.37±0.39 b216.34±6.45 a23.67±0.04 c72.82±0.05 cd10900.46±141.42 a
    Ⅱ期 Stage Ⅱ117.90±0.71 a11.33±0.17 b25.09±0.17 a227.67±18.96 a24.72±0.24 ab69.96±2.91 de9425.31±318.20 bc
    Ⅲ期 Stage Ⅲ118.30±0.99 a11.60±0.28 b25.05±0.28 a230.95±18.94 a25.27±0.22 a64.67±2.82 e8725.43±35.36 c
    Ⅳ期 Stage Ⅳ109.30±1.27 b11.27±0.11 b24.71±0.11 ab238.13±25.07 a24.27±0.40 b81.09±1.36 b9675.22±601.04 abc
    Ⅴ期 Stage Ⅴ108.30±0.42 b12.25±0.26 ab23.38±0.26 c202.44±0.3 ab24.24±0.01 bc88.29±4.89 a10600.32±777.82 ab
    Ⅵ期 Stage Ⅵ106.00±1.13 c12.25±0.13 ab23.26±0.13 c169.67±22.99 b24.62±0.28 b78.18±2.57 bc9275.24±954.59 bc
    表中同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。
    Data with different lowercase letters on the same line indicate significant difference (P<0.05). Same for below.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  紫两优737不同处理下维生素、花青素和黄酮含量分析

    Table  4.   Vitamin, anthocyanin, and flavonoids contents in grains of Ziliangyou 737 under different treatments

    时期
    Stage
    盐酸硫胺素
    VB1/
    (ng·g−1)
    核黄素
    VB2/
    (ng·g−1)
    烟酰胺
    VB3/
    (ng·g−1)
    腺嘌呤
    VB4/
    (ng·g−1)
    泛酸
    VB5/
    (ng·g−1)
    吡哆醇
    VB6 /
    (ng·g−1)
    维生素 H
    VB7/
    (ng·g−1)
    花青素
    Anthocyanin/
    (mg·g−1)
    黄酮
    Flavonoids/
    (mg·g−1)
    Ⅰ期 Stage Ⅰ107.75±5.62 b411.02±11.76 b200.91±1.70 a231.99±9.13 e7393.42±74.59 e519.35±7.09 b1.93±0.20 a0.66±0.01 e4.05±0.07 d
    Ⅱ期 Stage Ⅱ109.01±0.55 b355.65±4.10 d122.94±0.18 d230.65±2.42 e7920.29±58.71 d449.31±4.54 c1.64±0.11 bcd1.15±0.02 d4.86±0.05 c
    Ⅲ期 Stage Ⅲ124.02±2.86 a318.68±1.97 f101.22±1.23 e304.00±0.63 c9527.39±13.60 a520.39±3.93 b1.53±0.15 cd1.11±0.01 d4.03±0.02 d
    Ⅳ期 Stage Ⅳ98.53±3.89 c337.57±3.97 e84.80±1.39 f323.33±6.66 b9252.41±105.79 b514.27±4.30 b1.36±0.25 d1.60±0.02 c5.09±0.03 b
    Ⅴ期 Stage Ⅴ71.67±1.00 d393.67±8.01 c127.66±0.81 c271.21±1.07 d6426.90±33.01 f658.47±0.18 a1.85±0.05 ab3.48±0.06 b4.88±0.06 c
    Ⅵ期 Stage Ⅵ75.90±2.40 d485.62±1.89 a147.69±1.85 b394.52±3.71 a8367.48±26.14 c665.49±0.82 a1.67±0.12 abc5.68±0.09 a6.01±0.07 a
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  不同播期紫两优737稻米品质分析

    Table  5.   Grain quality of Ziliangyou 737 under varied sowing times

    时期
    Stage
    长度
    Length/mm
    糙米率
    Brown rice rate/%
    精米率
    Milled rice rate/%
    整精米率
    Inferior head rice rate/%
    碱消值
    Alkali spreading value
    直链淀粉
    Amylose content/%
    Ⅰ期 Stage Ⅰ6.15±0.07 b78.80±0.14 abc69.65±1.06 a56.95±2.76 ab6.00±0.00 b4.10±0.28 a
    Ⅱ期Stage Ⅱ6.20±0.00 b78.90±0.00 ab65.10±1.98 bc45.40±7.21 c6.00±0.00 b3.10±0.28 b
    Ⅲ期 Stage Ⅲ6.30±0.00 a78.15±0.07 d66.30±0.28 b60.30±0.28 a6.25±0.07 a2.65±0.35 bc
    Ⅳ期 Stage Ⅳ6.20±0.00 b78.55±0.07 bcd65.20±0.99 bc51.85±0.64 bc6.15±0.21 ab2.25±0.21 cd
    Ⅴ期 Stage Ⅴ6.20±0.00 b79.05±0.07 a62.10±1.56 bc31.45±0.21 d6.20±0.00 ab1.70±0.28 de
    Ⅵ期 Stage Ⅵ6.20±0.00 b78.40±0.42 cd67.65±1.20 ab62.45±1.06 a6.25±0.07 a1.10±0.14 e
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  不同温度因子与结实率的关系

    Table  6.   Correlation between temperature and seeding rate

    因素x
    Factors x
    关系式
    Relation expression
    决定系数
    Decision coefficient
    显著性
    Significance
    序号
    Serial
    高温时数(始穗后7 d)∑H(heading for 7 days)/h y=86.652×0.995x R2=0.821 P<0.05 1A
    高温时数(始穗后10 d)∑H(heading for 10 days)/h y=89.245×0.996x R2=0.726 P<0.05 1B
    时热积温(始穗后7 d)∑Th(heading for 7 days)/(℃·h) y=85.269×0.997x R2=0.850 P<0.01 1C
    时热积温(始穗后10 d)Th(heading for 10 days)/(℃·h) y=85.829×0.998x R2=0.746 P<0.05 1D
    日热积温(始穗后21 d)∑Td(heading for 21 days)/(℃·d) y=-0.534x2+15.196x−17.897 R2=0.956 P<0.01 1E
    日均温(始穗后7 d)TA(heading for 7 days)/℃ y=357.745×0.95x R2=0.780 P<0.05 1F
    日均温(始穗后10 d)TA(heading for 10 days)/℃ y=451.521×0.945x R2=0.743 P<0.05 1G
    日均温(始穗后14 d)TA(heading for 14 days)/℃ y=1.759x2−111.328x+1828.979 R2=0.956 P<0.01 1H
    y 表示结实率。
    y means seeding rate.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  不同温度因子与直链淀粉含量的关系

    Table  7.   Correlation between temperature and grain amylose content

    因素x
    Factors x
    关系式
    Relation expression
    决定系数
    Decision coefficient
    显著性
    Significance
    序号
    Serial
    时热积温(始穗到成熟) ∑Th(heading to maturation)/(℃·h) L=−2.886×10−5x2+0.021x+0.336 R2=0.937 P<0.05 2A
    高温时数(始穗到成熟) ∑H(heading to maturation)/h L=−1.635×10−5x2+0.018x+0.562 R2=0.956 P<0.01 2B
    日热积温(始穗到成熟) ∑Td(heading to maturation)/(℃·d) L=−0.001x2+0.039x+0.709 R2=0.998 P<0.01 2C
    日均温(始穗到成熟) TA(heading to maturation)/℃ L=0.047x2−2.163x+26.197 R2=0.922 P<0.05 2D
    有效积温(播种到始穗) EAT(seeding to heading)/(℃·d) L=−1.499×10−5x2+0.038x−19.842 R2=0.986 P<0.01 2E
    有效积温(始穗到成熟) EAT(heading to maturation )/(℃·d) L=−8.931×10−7x2+0.007x−2.671 R2=0.962 P<0.01 2F
    有效积温 EAT/(℃·d) L=3.549×10−6x2−17.378 R2=0.752 P<0.01 2G
    式中L 表示直链淀粉含量。
    L means amylose content.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8  不同温度因子与花青素含量的关系式

    Table  8.   Correlation between temperature and anthocyanin content

    因素 x
    Factor x
    关系式
    Relation expression
    决定系数
    Decision coefficient
    显著性
    Significance
    序号
    Serial
    日热积温(始穗后14 d)∑Td(heading for 14 days)/(℃·d) AY=0.412x2−10.587x+68.578 R2=0.972 P<0.01 3A
    日热积温(始穗后21 d)∑Td(heading for 21 days)/(℃·d) AY=-0.006x2−0.261x+8.693 R2=0.978 P<0.01 3B
    日热积温(始穗到成熟) ∑Td(heading to maturation)/(℃·d) AY=0.004x2−0.336x+8.524 R2=0.988 P<0.01 3C
    日均温(始穗后21 d)TA(heading for 21 days)/℃ AY=0.189x2−11.897x+188.184 R2=0.904 P<0.05 3D
    日均温(始穗到成熟)TA(heading to maturation)/℃ AY=0.049x2−3.187x+52.714 R2=0.996 P<0.01 3E
    有效积温(播种到始穗)EAT(seeding to heading)/(℃·d) AY=7.889×10−5x2−0.231x+168.530 R2=0.882 P<0.05 3F
    有效积温(始穗到成熟)EAT(heading to maturation)/(℃·d) AY=41.701×0.996x R2=0.812 P<0.05 3G
    有效积温 EAT/(℃·d) AY=8.439×1012×0.998x R2=0.723 P<0.05 3H
    AY表示花青素含量。
    AY: anthocyanin.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  9  不同温度因子与黄酮含量的关系

    Table  9.   Correlation between temperature and flavonoid content

    因素 x
    Factor x
    关系式
    Relation expression
    决定系数
    Decision coefficient
    显著性
    Significance
    序号
    Serial
    日热积温(始穗后21 d) ∑Td(heading for 21 days)/(℃·d) FY=7.880×0.972x R2=0.697 P<0.05 4A
    日热积温(始穗至成熟) ∑Td(heading to maturation)/(℃·d) FY=6.158×0.992x R2=0.687 P<0.05 4B
    有效积温 EAT/(℃·d)
    FY=1240.327×0.998x R2=0.736 P<0.05 4C
    FY表示黄酮含量。
    FY: flavonoids.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  10  维生素、花青素及黄酮含量相关性分析

    Table  10.   Correlation among vitamin, anthocyanin, and flavonoids

    指标
    Index
    盐酸硫胺素
    VB1
    核黄素
    VB2
    烟酰胺
    VB3
    腺嘌呤
    VB4
    泛酸
    VB5
    吡哆醇
    VB6
    维生素 H
    VB7
    花青素
    Anthocyanin
    黄酮
    Flavonoids
    盐酸硫胺素 VB1 1.00
    核黄素 VB2 −0.69 1.00
    烟酰胺 VB3 −0.12 0.64 1.00
    腺嘌呤 VB4 −0.42 0.43 −0.29 1.00
    泛酸 VB5 0.57 −0.43 −0.57 0.47 1.00
    吡哆醇 VB6 −0.85* 0.70 0.16 0.59 −0.39 1.00
    维生素 H VB7 −0.30 0.53 0.86* −0.45 −0.86* 0.33 1.00
    花青素 Anthocyanin −0.84* 0.77 0.04 0.75 −0.20 0.88* 0.10 1.00
    黄酮 Flavonoids −0.74 0.62 −0.16 0.71 −0.01 0.55 −0.21 0.85* 1.00
    * 表示相关性显著。
    * indicate significant difference.
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-06-15
  • 修回日期:  2023-07-04
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-08-16
  • 刊出日期:  2023-07-28

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