水稻籼粳中间型杂交组合若干性状的遗传效应分析

李忠金; 付思远; 陈萍萍; 游月华; 戴展峰; 黄水明; 彭玉林

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.05.003

水稻籼粳中间型杂交组合若干性状的遗传效应分析

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.05.003

福建省龙岩市农业科学研究所，福建　龙岩　364000

基金项目: 福建省科技厅农业引导性（重点）项目（2023N0060）

详细信息

作者简介:
李忠金（1993 —），男，硕士，研究实习员，主要从事水稻遗传育种研究，E-mail：1285615377@qq.com

通讯作者:
彭玉林（1979 —），男，硕士，副研究员，主要从事水稻遗传育种研究，E-mail： pyl2010@163.com

中图分类号: S511
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-10
- 录用日期: 2024-05-16
- 修回日期: 2024-04-14
- 网络出版日期: 2024-06-26
- 刊出日期: 2024-05-28

Five Traits Affected by Breeding of Indica-Japonica Hybrids

Longyan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Longyan, Fujian　364000, China

摘要

摘要: 目的水稻籼粳亚种间杂交具有强大的杂种优势已成为当前水稻育种关注的焦点，本研究旨在为籼粳交水稻育种实践以及水稻关键性状的遗传研究提供理论依据。方法按照NC-II不完全双列杂交方式，选择14个亲本材料并配组48个杂交组合，采用植物数量性状的加性-显性遗传模型（A-D模型）分析生育期、株高与粒形相关性状等共计5个农艺性状的遗传效应、杂种优势及性状之间的相关性。结果籼粳亚种间杂交稻生育期、株高、粒长、粒宽及长宽比等的加性方差分量占遗传主效应比率（V_A/V_P）比值分别为69.2%、74.2%、58.9%、66.0%和63.5%。广义遗传率（H²_B）和狭义遗传率（H²_N）的变幅分别为59.0%～99.6%和69.2%～98.9%，均达显著或极显著水平，主要受加性效应控制，且受环境影响小，在育种上早期选择有效。大多数的籼粳亚种间杂种一代的生育期、株高和粒形性状均呈负向中亲优势和负向超亲优势，杂交后代的生育期缩短、株高降低，长宽比介于双亲之间。籼粳亚种间杂交稻生育期是一个独立遗传的品种特性，株高与粒形具呈显著正相关。结论在籼粳交育种上应关注生育期、株高，粒形等性状间的协调，有效利用杂种优势，培育强优势亚种间杂交稻新组合。
- 水稻 /
- 籼粳交 /
- 生育期 /
- 株高 /
- 粒形 /
- 遗传效应
Abstract: Objective Genetic improvement on 5 traits of rice through heterosis by hybridizing Indica-Japonica was analyzed. Method Following the NC-II incomplete diallel hybridization protocol, 14 rice parents and 48 hybrid combinations were generated for the analysis. Genetics, heterosis, and correlations of growth period, plant height, spikelet length, spikelet width, and spikelet length-width ratio of the varieties were evaluated according to the additive and dominant genetic effects. Result The ratios of additive variance component to phenotypic variance (V_A/V_P) on the growth period, plant height, spikelet length, spikelet width, and spikelet length-width ratio of the rice were 69.2%, 74.2%, 58.9%, 66.0%, and 63.5%, respectively. The variations of broad-sense heritability (H²_B) and narrow-sense heritability (H²_N) were 59.0%–99.6% and 69.2%–98.9%, respectively, at significant or extremely significant level. The traits were largely controlled by additive effects, little by environmental factors, and only effective for early generation selection in breeding practice. The growth period, plant height, spikelet length, pikelet width, and spikelet length-width ratio of most combinations displayed a heterosis of both negative intermediate and super parent hybrid vigor. The growth period of the hybrids was shortened, the plant height reduced, and the spikelet length-width ratio in between two parents. The growth period was an independent genetic trait, while the plant height somewhat positively correlated with the grain shape. Conclusion In breeding Indica-Japonicahybrids, balancing the benefits gained on the growth period, plant height, grain shape, and other traits through heterosis needed be carefully considered.
- rice /
- Indica-Japonica /
- growth period /
- plant height /
- grain shape /
- genetic effect

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表 1 8个两系不育系的程式指数分类情况

Table 1. Cheng’s index on morphological traits of 8 two-line sterile rice lines

不育系 Sterile line	稃毛 Spikelet hair	酚反应 Spikelet phenol reaction	穗轴1～2节长 1–2 internodes of panicle	抽穗时壳色 Spikelet color	叶毛 Leaf hair	谷粒长宽比 Grain length to width ratio	程氏指数 Index	籼粳属性 Indica japonica attribute
珍 S Zhen S	1	4	3	4	2	0	14	偏粳 Japonicaclinou
银1 S Yin-1 S	2	2	3	4	1	1	13	偏籼 Indicaclinou
CS602	2	4	3	4	2	1	16	偏粳 Japonicaclinou
CS603	2	4	3	4	1	1	15	偏粳 Japonicaclinou
CS604	2	4	3	4	2	1	16	偏粳 Japonicaclinou
CS605	2	4	3	4	1	0	14	偏粳 Japonicaclinou
CS606	0	2	2	2	3	0	9	偏籼 Indicaclinou
隆科638S Longke-638 S	0	1	2	2	2	1	8	籼 Indica
9311（CK1）	1	1	0	0	2	2	6	籼 Indica
日本晴 Nipponbare（CK2）	4	4	1	4	4	3	20	粳 Japonica
程氏指数0～8为籼，9～13为偏籼，14～17为偏粳，18～24为粳。 Index 0–8: indica; Index 9–13: indicaclinou; Index 14–17: japonicaclinou; Index 18–24: japonica.

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表 2 5个性状遗传方差组成及遗传率

Table 2. Genetic variance components and heritability of 5 traits

性状 Character	加性方差 V_A	显性方差 V_D	剩余方差 V_E	表型方差 V_P	加性方差比率 V_A/V_P	显性方差比率 V_D/V_P	剩余方差比率 V_E/V_P	广义遗传率 H²_B	狭义遗传率 H²_N
生育期 Growth period	33.793*	14.839*	0.173*	48.807*	0.692*	0.304**	0.004**	0.996**	0.692**
株高 Plant height	171.428**	57.046**	2.388**	230.861**	0.742**	0.247**	0.010**	0.742**	0.989**
颖花长 Spikelet length	0.095*	0.064*	0.002+	0.161**	0.589**	0.398**	0.0122+	0.590**	0.988*
颖花宽 Spikelet width	0.008**	0.004**	0.0002*	0.127**	0.660**	0.323**	0.016*	0.660**	0.984**
颖花长宽比 Spikelet length-width ratio	0.028**	0.016**	0.001*	0.045**	0.635**	0.352**	0.013*	0.635**	0.987**
+、和分别表示差异达到 0.10、0.05 和 0.01 显著水平。下同。 +, and **: Significant differences at 0.10, 0.05, and 0.01 levels, respectively. Same for below.

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表 3 6个恢复系及8个不育系的生育期、株高与粒形性状的加性效应预测值

Table 3. Predicted additive effects on 5 traits of 8 two-line sterile rice lines and 6 restorer lines

亲本 Parents	生育期 Growth period	株高 Plant height	颖花长 Spikelet length	颖花宽 Spikelet width	颖花长宽比 Spikelet length-width ratio
CP1	3.232**	11.536**	0.065**	0.064**	−0.061**
CP2	1.726**	3.642**	0.292**	0.020**	0.105**
CP3	0.500**	8.053**	0.061**	0.014**	0.003+
CP4	2.646**	14.006**	0.160**	−0.038**	0.139**
CP5	2.587**	9.991**	0.109**	−0.080**	0.182**
CP6	3.845**	9.554**	0.129**	−0.077**	0.186**
珍S Zhen S	−7.344**	−5.541**	0.079*	0.104**	0.031*
银1S Yin-1 S	−8.315**	−11.347**	−0.491**	−0.067**	−0.140**
CS602	2.290**	−4.644**	−0.273**	−0.049**	−0.059**
CS603	0.020	−9.169**	−0.225**	−0.033**	−0.062**
CS604	−1.024**	−9.625**	−0.091**	−0.026**	−0.006
CS605	−2.251**	−8.145**	0.094**	0.045**	−0.022
CS606	−3.476**	−9.501**	0.237**	0.118**	−0.073**
隆科638S Longke-638 S	5.565**	1.188	−0.147**	0.005*	−0.221**

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表 4 48个杂种一代5个农艺性状的显性效应预测值

Table 4. Predicted dominant effects of 5 traits of 48 hybrids

组合 Combination	生育期 Growth period	株高 Plant height	颖花长 Spikelet length	颖花宽 Spikelet width	颖花长宽比 Spikelet length-width ratio
珍S/CP1 Zhen S/ CP1	−0.940*	9.820**	0.015	0.058**	−0.091*
银1S/CP1 Yin-1 S/CP1	0.638*	−7.293**	−0.287**	−0.060**	−0.052*
CS602/CP1	−0.639*	8.726*	0.156**	−0.014	0.084**
CS603/CP1	0.627*	0.401	0.030	0.027	−0.033
CS604/CP1	1.546**	7.430**	0.023	0.027**	−0.035+
CS605/CP1	1.513**	−3.332**	−0.059**	−0.007	−0.022
CS606/CP1	−4.102**	−0.534	−0.206**	−0.005+	−0.076**
隆科638S/CP1 Long ke-638 S/CP1	2.980**	10.927**	0.106+	0.078**	−0.054*
珍S/CP2 Zhen S/ CP2	0.641	15.419**	0.019	0.212**	−0.313**
银1S /CP2 Yin-1 S/CP2	−0.575*	−0.090	−0.147*	−0.053*	0.022+
CS602/CP2	0.049	1.938	0.105*	0.085**	−0.078**
CS603/CP2	−4.987**	−2.163	0.034*	0.013*	−0.005
CS604/CP2	1.187**	−0.825	0.016	0.010	−0.003
CS605/CP2	1.190**	4.846*	−0.084*	−0.020*	−0.006
CS606/CP2	−4.985**	1.943	−0.261**	−0.022*	−0.081**
隆科638S/CP2 Longke-638 S/CP2	0.993*	−10.935**	0.004	−0.146**	0.215**
珍S /CP3 Zhen S/ CP3	−1.553*	−2.429**	−0.340*	−0.025*	−0.121*
银1S /CP3 Yin-1 S/CP3	2.238**	−3.276*	−0.165*	−0.043*	−0.008
CS602/CP3	0.811+	5.151+	−0.306**	−0.087**	−0.007
CS603/CP3	0.087	6.365*	−0.112*	0.053*	−0.136*
CS604/CP3	0.786*	7.294**	−0.222*	−0.041**	−0.042
CS605/CP3	−1.969**	0.590	−0.018	−0.040*	0.050
CS606 /CP3	2.529*	−1.768	−0.103	0.049+	−0.113*
隆科638S /CP3 Longke-638 S/CP3	−11.767*	4.928 *	0.114	0.027	0.011**
珍S/CP4 Zhen S/ CP4	−3.244**	−3.248**	−0.263**	0.002	−0.135**
银1S /CP4 Yin-1 S/CP4	−4.864**	3.518*	−0.297*	0.097*	−0.293**
CS602/CP4	−4.408**	8.181**	−0.169**	−0.041**	−0.010
CS603/CP4	3.402**	5.340+	−0.138+	−0.068*	0.044**
CS604/CP4	−0.768*	−2.920+	−0.170*	−0.061+	0.016
CS605/CP4	1.423**	12.050**	−0.036	−0.030	0.021
CS606/CP4	1.169**	−1.162*	−0.066+	0.033**	−0.082*
隆科638S/CP4 Longke-638 S/CP4	8.933**	3.251+	−0.010	0.026*	−0.061*
珍S/CP5 Zhen S/ CP5	−5.614**	2.291+	−0.162+	−0.043*	−0.010
银1S /CP5 Yin-1 S/CP5	−9.496**	11.312**	−0.347*	−0.021+	−0.140*
CS602/CP5	1.646**	3.730*	−0.121*	−0.060**	0.052+
CS603/CP5	−0.407+	2.944	0.043*	−0.019	0.059*
CS604/CP5	1.329*	−0.391	−0.010	−0.019+	0.027
CS605/CP5	3.828**	7.091*	−0.130**	−0.087**	0.073**
CS606/CP5	3.196**	6.381*	−0.101*	0.031*	−0.108*
隆科638S/CP5 Longke-638 S/CP5	9.480**	7.371*	0.064*	0.075*	−0.101**
珍S/CP6 Zhen S/ CP6	−0.204	1.532	−0.249**	−0.068**	−0.003
银1S /CP6 Yin-1 S/CP6	−5.610**	−0.373	−0.327*	−0.104*	0.013
CS602/CP6	−2.373**	0.803	0.038+	−0.013	0.044**
CS603/CP6	−0.762**	2.082	−0.021	−0.055**	0.088*
CS604/CP6	2.418**	4.349*	0.042	0.072*	−0.09*
CS605/CP6	3.363**	−1.242	−0.176**	−0.115**	0.102**
CS606/CP6	1.936**	7.310**	−0.148*	−0.001	−0.076**
隆科638S/CP6 Long ke-638 S/CP6	7.307**	7.995**	−0.194*	0.010	−0.127*
变幅 Amount range	−11.767～9.480	−10.935～15.419	−0.347～0.156	−0.146～0.212	−0.313～0.215
正向效应组合数 Positive combinations	28（24）	32（20）	15（5）	19（13）	16（8）
负向效应组合数 Negative combinations	20（18）	16（7）	33（24）	29（19）	32（20）
括号内数字为差异显著水平大于0.10的组合数。表5同。 Data in parentheses represent number of combinations with significant differences over 0.10. Same for Table5.

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表 5 5个性状的群体平均优势（Hpm）和超亲优势（Hbp）预测值

Table 5. Hpm and Hbp predicted values of 5 characters in 48 combinations

杂种优势 Heterosis	组合 Combination	生育期 Growth period	株高 Plant height	颖花长 Spikelet length	颖花宽 Spikelet width	颖花长宽比 Spikelet length-width ratio
群体平均优势（Hpm）	变幅 Amount range	−0.137～0.145	−0.039～0.281	−0.135～0.123	−0.119～0.123	−0.180～0.050
	平均值 Average	−0.005	0.120**	−0.065**	−0.017**	−0.048**
	正向组合数 Positive combinations	23（0）	47（2）	3(0）	7(0）	1(0）
	正向平均值 Average	0.051	0.119	0.053	0.026	0.019
	负向组合数 Negative combinations	25（1）	1（0）	45(1）	41(4）	47(3）
	负向平均值 Average	−0.048	−0.039	−0.067	−0.038	−0.059
超亲优势预测值（Hbp）	变幅 Amount range	−0.239～0.139	−0.237～0.118	−0.239～-0.038	−0.200～0.107	−0.233～0.026
	平均值 Average	−0.075**	−0.078**	−0.127**	−0.055**	−0.124**
	正向组合数 Positive combinations	5（1）	11（3）	0	7（4）	1（1）
	正向平均值 Average	0.086	0.033	0	0.028	0.026
	负向组合数 Negative combinations	43（0）	37（3）	48（0）	41（37）	47（46）
	负向平均值 Average	−0.094	−0.104	−0.060	−0.069	−0.125

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表 6 杂种一代生育期、株高和粒形性状表型、遗传、加性与显性相关性分析

Table 6. Correlations between phenotypic, genetic, additive and dominate effects and growth period, plant height, and grain shape of 48 hybrids

性状 Character	生育期 Growth period	株高 Plant height	颖花长 Spikelet length	颖花宽 Spikelet width	颖花长宽比 Spikelet length-width ratio
生育期 Growth period		0.228+	0.086+	0.029	0.093
生育期 Growth period		0.025	0.074	0.011	0.043
株高 Plant height	0.147+		0.173+	0.044+	0.223+
株高 Plant height	0.136+		0.099*	0.068+	0.125+
颖花长 Spikelet length	0.077+	0.054*		0.056	0.208*
颖花长 Spikelet length	0.076+	0.051*		0.359	0.239+
颖花宽 Spikelet width	0.009+	0.013*	0.038		0.101+
颖花宽 Spikelet width	0.017	0.016*	0.080+		0.446
颖花长宽比 Spikelet length-width ratio	0.074	0.087+	0.215*	0.051
颖花长宽比 Spikelet length-width ratio	0.072	0.082+	0.211+	0.123+
右上角为加性（上）、显性（下）相关系数，左下角为表型（上）、遗传（下）相关系数；+、和分别表示差异达到 0.10、0.05和0.01显著水平。 On upper right corner, additive (up) and dominant (down) correlation coefficients; on lower left corner, phenotypic (up) and genetic (down) correlation coefficients ; +, and ** represent significant differences at 0.10, 0.05, and 0.01 levels, respectively.

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