山药根腐线虫病发生动态及连作土壤线虫群落结构特征

范琳娟; 吴彩云; 徐雪亮; 刘子荣; 姚健; 康宏波; 胡平华; 姚英娟

山药根腐线虫病发生动态及连作土壤线虫群落结构特征

范琳娟^1,,
吴彩云¹,
徐雪亮¹,
刘子荣¹,
姚健¹,
康宏波²,
胡平华²,
姚英娟^{1, 2, 2, ,}

1.
江西省农业科学院农业应用微生物研究所，江西　南昌　330200
2.
江西省吉安市泰和县塘洲镇综合执法队，江西　吉安　343715

基金项目: 江西省农业科研协同创新项目（JXXTCX202108）；江西省学科带头人培养计划项目（20213BCJL22045）；江西省农业科学院基础研究与人才培养专项（JXSNKYJCRC202206）

详细信息

作者简介:
范琳娟（1991 — ），女，硕士，助理研究员，主要从事山药线虫绿色防控研究，E-mail：fljx99@163.com

通讯作者:
姚英娟（1976 — ），女，博士，研究员，主要从事有害生物综合治理研究，E-mail: yaoyingjuan2008@163.com

中图分类号: S 435
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-06-26
- 修回日期: 2023-07-26
- 网络出版日期: 2023-11-20

Occurrence Dynamics of Yam Root-lesion Nematode Disease and Characteristics of Nematode Community in Continuous Cropping Soil

1.
Institute of Agricultural Applied Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi　330200, China
2.
Comprehensive Law Enforcement Team of Tangzhou Town, Taihe County, Ji’an City, Ji’an, Jiangxi　343715, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探索早熟和晚熟品种、浅生槽定向栽培和传统栽培连作山药田根腐线虫的发生动态及山药连作土壤线虫群落结构的变化，以期为山药根腐线虫病的科学防治提供参考。方法以早熟品种永丰淮山传统栽培田、晚熟品种泰和竹篙薯浅生槽定向栽培田和传统栽培田连作土壤为研究对象，依据不同品种山药生长特点定期采集土样，采用贝尔曼漏斗法对土壤线虫进行分离，利用线虫形态学特征将线虫鉴定到属，并进行计数，分析线虫群落随着山药生长在土壤中的变化特征。结果永丰淮山和竹篙薯田土壤根腐线虫种群数量分别从6月和8月之后开始急剧增加，至10月达到高峰。不同品种和不同栽培方式山药田土壤分别共分离到9属、13属和12属线虫，且线虫群落均主要由食细菌类线虫和植物寄生类线虫组成。10月土壤中根腐线虫相对丰度急剧增加的同时，永丰淮山土壤中食细菌类线虫拟丽突线虫属Acrobeloides的相对丰度显著降低93.55%，而泰和竹篙薯浅生槽定向栽培和传统栽培土壤中食细菌类线虫小杆线虫属Rhabditis相对丰度分别显著降低52.80%和75.99%。此外，泰和传统栽培田土壤中拟丽突线虫属的相对丰度也大幅降低96.01%。对线虫生态指数分析表明，不同品种和不同栽培方式山药田的不同时期土壤线虫生态指数表现不同，但10月时连作土壤线虫多样性指数H’、均匀度指数J’和瓦斯乐思卡指数WI均显著降低。结论 10月是根腐线虫发生的关键期，其相对丰度的急剧增加会打破土壤生态原有的平衡状态，导致土壤食细菌类线虫相对丰度、线虫群落多样性和均匀度以及土壤健康程度均大幅下降，对土壤环境产生不利影响。
- 山药 /
- 根腐线虫 /
- 土壤线虫 /
- 栽培方式 /
- 连作
Abstract: Objective The aim of this paper was to study the occurrence dynamics of root-lesion nematode in continuous cropping soil of early-maturing and late-maturing varieties of yam, directional shallow trough cultivation and traditional cultivation in yam fields, respectively. Meanwhile, exploring the changes of soil nematode community structure in different periods of yam, aiming to provide reference for the scientific control of yam root-lesion nematode disease. Method The continuous cropping soil of early-maturing variety Yongfeng yam cultivated by traditional method, late-maturing variety Zhugaoshu yam cultivated by directional shallow trough method and traditional method were taken as the research objects in Taihe county, and collecting the soil samples regularly according to the growth characteristics of different varieties of yam. The soil nematodes were isolated by Baermann funnel method, and identified to genus and counted by morphological characteristics of nematodes. The aim is to analyze the variation characteristics of soil nematode community with the growth of yam. Result The results showed that, the population of root-lesion nematodes in Yongfeng yam and Zhugaoshu yam field began to increase sharply from June and August, respectively, and reached the peak in October. A total of 9, 13 and 12 genera of nematodes were isolated from the soil of yam fields of different varieties and different cultivation patterns, respectively. And the soil nematode communities were mainly composed of bacterivores and herbivores. While the relative abundance of soil root-lesion nematodes increased sharply in October, the relative abundance of Acrobeloides in Yongfeng yam field decreased significantly by 93.55%, and the relative abundance of Rhabditis in Zhugaoshu yam field cultivated by directional shallow trough method and traditional method decreased significantly by 52.80%和75.99%, respectively. In addition, the relative abundance of Acrobeloides in Zhugaoshu yam field cultivated by traditional method also decreased significantly by 96.01%. The analysis of soil nematode ecological index showed that, the ecological indexes of soil nematodes in different varieties and different cultivation methods of yam fields were different in differrent periods, but the index of H', J' and WI were significantly reduced in October. Conclusion In summary, the critical period for controlling soil root-lesion nematode is in October, the sharp increase of its relative abundance not only can break the original balance of soil ecology, resulting in a significant decrease in the relative abundance of bacterivores, but also greatly reduce the soil health, diversity and evenness of nematode community, which had adverse effects on the soil environment.
- yam /
- root-lesion nematode /
- soil nematode /
- cultivation method /
- continuous cropping

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图 1 山药根腐线虫病田间发生动态

A：永丰传统栽培；B：泰和浅生槽定向栽培；C：泰和传统栽培。

Figure 1. Population dynamics of yam root-lesion nematode in the soils

A: Traditional cultivation method of yam in Yongfeng county; B: Directional shallow trough cultivation method of yam in Taihe county; C: Traditional cultivation method of yam in Taihe county.

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图 2 不同时期山药土壤线虫营养类群结构

A：永丰传统栽培； B：泰和浅生槽定向栽培；C：泰和传统栽培。

Figure 2. Soil nematode trophic structure in different periods of yam

A: Traditional cultivation method of yam in Yongfeng county; B: Directional shallow trough cultivation method of yam in Taihe county; C: Traditional cultivation method of yam in Taihe county.

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表 1 不同时期山药土壤线虫的群落组成

Table 1. Community composition of soil nematodes in different periods of yam

属名 Genus	永丰传统栽培 Traditional cultivation method of yam in Yongfeng county				泰和浅生槽定向栽培 Directional shallow trough cultivation method of yam in Taihe county				泰和传统栽培 Traditional cultivation method of yam in Taihe county
属名 Genus	4月 April	6月 June	8月 August	10月 October	5月 May	8月 August	10月 October	12月 December	5月 May	8月 August	10月 October	12月 December
小杆线虫属 Rhabditis	0.75 a	2.03 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	31.88 a	26.38 a	12.45 b	31.30 a	33.81 a	33.99 a	8.16 b	46.67 a
钩唇线虫属 Diploscapter	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	2.03 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a
真头叶线虫属 Eucephalobus	3.01 ab	5.41 a	1.21 ab	0.00 b	5.80 a	1.16 b	0.34 b	1.97 b	30.60 a	1.32 b	1.20 b	3.56 b
丽突线虫属 Acrobeles	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	3.48 a	0.00 b	0.17 b	0.00 b	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a
拟丽突线虫属 Acrobeloides	63.91 a	64.87 a	56.27 a	3.63 b	18.26 b	62.90 a	57.29 a	56.10 a	12.81 bc	42.11 a	1.68 c	34.67 ab
绕线线虫属 Plectus	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	3.77 a	0.00 b	0.00 b	0.00 b	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a
棱咽线虫属 Prismatolainus	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	2.90 a	0.00 b	0.00 b	0.00 b	8.18 a	0.00 b	0.00 b	0.00 b
滑刃线虫属 Aphelenchoides	9.02 a	4.73 ab	1.64 b	0.22 b	12.17 a	1.45 b	2.01 b	0.20 b	0.36 a	5.48 a	0.24 a	3.11 a
真滑刃线虫属 Aphelenchus	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	2.90 a	0.29 a	0.06 a	0.00 a	1.07 a	1.32 a	0.00 a	1.78 a
矛线线虫属 Dorylaimus	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.09 a	0.00 a	1.74 a	0.00 a	0.17 a	0.98 a	1.07 a	0.44 a	0.00 a	0.00 a
垫刃线虫属 Tylenchus	2.26 a	0.00 a	0.43 a	0.66 a	4.64 ab	1.45 b	1.51 b	7.28 a	2.49 a	1.97 a	0.48 a	0.89 a
针线虫属 Paratylenchus	0.00 a	0.68 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.36 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a
根结线虫属 Meloidogyne	14.29 a	2.03 ab	0.17 b	0.00 b	8.41 a	2.32 b	0.00 b	0.59 b	0.71 a	0.44 a	0.00 a	0.00 a
短体线虫属 Pratylenchus	6.77 d	20.27 c	40.19 b	95.50 a	2.03 b	4.06 b	26.02 a	1.57 b	4.27 c	12.94 b	88.23 a	9.33 bc
毛刺线虫属 Trichodorus	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	0.00 a	4.27 a	0.00 b	0.00 b	0.00 b
同行相同品种相同栽培方式无相同字母的表示处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。 The same line without the same letters indicated significant difference within treatments in the same culture methods of same varieties（P＜0.05）.

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表 2 不同时期山药土壤线虫群落生态指数

Table 2. Ecological indices of soil nematodes in different periods of yam

处理 Treatment		H'	J'	WI	PPI	MI
永丰传统栽培 Traditional cultivation method of yam in Yongfeng county	4月 April	1.07±0.15a	0.64±0.06 a	4.36±1.68 a	2.75±0.25 a	1.99±0.01 a
	6月 June	1.02±0.16 a	0.68±0.04 a	3.41±0.55 a	2.97±0.03 a	1.98±0.02 a
	8月 August	0.83±0.13 a	0.58±0.05 a	1.51±0.31 ab	2.99±0.01 a	2.00±0.01 a
	10月 October	0.20±0.02 b	0.19±0.02 b	0.04±0.01 b	2.99±0.00 a	2.00±0.00 a
泰和浅生槽定向栽培 Directional shallow trough cultivation method of yam in Taihe county	5月 May	2.04±0.16 a	0.78±0.06 a	7.23±0.21 a	2.70±0.11 a	1.71±0.13 a
	8月 August	0.99±0.07 b	0.39±0.03 c	8.91±0.13 a	2.77±0.06 a	1.73±0.05 a
	10月 October	1.10±0.02 b	0.57±0.03 b	2.63±0.20 b	2.94±0.02 a	1.83±0.01 a
	12月December	1.08±0.08 b	0.62±0.04 b	10.33±2.70 a	2.92±0.12 a	1.68±0.03 a
泰和传统栽培 Traditional cultivation method of yam in Taihe county	5月 May	1.65±0.05 a	0.77±0.05 a	7.76±1.47 a	3.19±0.22 a	1.72±0.03 a
	8月 August	1.25±0.08 b	0.31±0.02 b	6.06±1.41 a	2.84±0.10 a	1.67±0.13 a
	10月 October	0.47±0.02 c	0.11±0.01 c	0.13± 0.01 b	2.99±0.00 a	1.27±0.03 b
	12月 December	1.47±0.17 ab	0.82±0.17 a	9.01±2.57 a	2.92±0.04 a	1.46±0.09 ab
同列相同品种相同栽培方式无相同字母的表示处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。 The same column without the same letters indicated significant difference within treatments in the same culture methods of same varieties（P＜0.05）.

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