Evaluation of four semiochemicals on trap capture of Thrips hawaiiensis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and beneficial insects in loquat orchard
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摘要:
目的 黄胸蓟马（Thrips hawaiiensis）是为害枇杷的重要害虫，本研究旨在明确单一色板、色板+单组分信息化合物和色板+双组分信息化合物对黄胸蓟马和有益昆虫的诱集作用，为枇杷园蓟马种群监测与防控及有益昆虫保护提供科学依据。 方法 通过田间试验比较3种颜色粘虫板和悬挂高度对黄胸蓟马的诱集效果，在此基础上比较色板+单组分信息化合物和色板+双组分信息化合物对黄胸蓟马和有益昆虫的诱集效果。 结果 白色粘虫板在悬挂高度150 cm对黄胸蓟马诱集数量显著高于其他处理组。单组分信息化合物异烟酸甲酯对黄胸蓟马引诱效果最强，诱集雌、雄成虫和黄胸蓟马总成虫数量分别为空白对照组的4.68倍、8.45倍和5.56倍；比较6种双组分信息化合物与对应单组分信息化合物对黄胸蓟马的诱捕效果，发现均对雌成虫呈拮抗作用。10种信息化合物处理组对有益昆虫食蚜蝇、寄生蜂类、草蛉、蜜蜂和胡蜂的诱集数量均较低，食蚜蝇诱集数量最多仅2.73头·板−1·d−1，各处理组益害比值均低于空白对照组，其中异烟酸甲酯处理组最小（1 : 285.33）。 结论 白色粘虫板与异烟酸甲酯组合对枇杷园花期黄胸蓟马的诱集效果最强，且对有益昆虫影响最小。 Abstract:Objective Thrips hawaiiensis is an important pest for loquat. The aim of this study is to determine the attractive effects of single color sticky traps, color sticky traps + single semiochemical and color sticky traps + double semiochemicals on T. hawaiiensis and beneficial insects, which would provide scientific basis for population monitoring and control of thrips, and conservation of beneficial insects in loquat orchards. Method Field experiments were conducted to compare the attractant effects of three color sticky traps and their hanging height on T. hawaiiensis. Based on this, the attractant effects of color sticky traps combined with single or double attractants on T. hawaiiensis and beneficial insects were compared. Result The white sticky traps at hanging height of 150 cm were the greatest number of T. hawaiiensis than other treatments. The single component of methyl isonicotinate was the most effective in attracting T. hawaiiensis, and the number of female, male and total adults T. hawaiiensis was 4.68 times, 8.45 times and 5.56 times of that of control, respectively. By comparing the trapping effects of the six double semiochemicals treatments and their corresponding single semiochemical on the attraction of adults T. hawaiiensis, and it was found that all of them had antagonistic effects on female adults. The attractants of the ten semiochemical treatments on beneficial insects, such as hoverflies, parasitic wasps, lacewings, bees and vespids were all lower than those of the control, and the attractant number of hoverflies was only 2.73 thrips·trap-1·day-1 at most. The benefit/harm ratios of treatments were lower than those of the control, and the methyl isonicotinate treatment was the least (1:285.33). Conclusion The combination of white sticky trap and methyl isonicotinate had the strongest attractant effect on T. hawaiiensis in flowering stage of loquat, and had the least effect on beneficial insects. -
图 1 不同信息化合物对黄胸蓟马的诱集数量和雌雄性比
注：MI、MN、EI、EN、MI+EN、MI+EI、MI+MN、MN+EN、MN+EI、EN+EI和CK分别表示异烟酸甲酯、烟酸甲酯、异烟酸乙酯、烟酸乙酯、异烟酸甲酯+烟酸乙酯、异烟酸甲酯+异烟酸乙酯、异烟酸甲酯+烟酸甲酯、烟酸甲酯+烟酸乙酯、烟酸甲酯+异烟酸乙酯、烟酸乙酯+异烟酸乙酯和空白对照。柱形图数值表示平均数±标准误；柱上方不同小写字母表示差异显著（P＜0.05）。A：不同信息化合物对黄胸蓟马的总诱集数量；B：不同信息化合物对黄胸蓟马雌成虫的诱集数量；C：不同信息化合物对黄胸蓟马雄成虫的诱集数量；D：不同信息化合物对黄胸蓟马的雌雄性比。
Figure 1. The number and sex ratio of Thrips hawaiiensis caught on different semiochemicals sticky traps
Note: MI, MN, EI, EN, MI+EN, MI+EI, MI+MN, MN+EN, MN+EI, EN+EI and CK respectively represent methyl isonicotinate, methyl nicotinate, ethyl isonicotinate, ethyl nicotinate, methyl isonicotinate+ethyl isonicotinate, methyl isonicotinate+ethyl nicotinate, methyl isonicotinate+methyl nicotinate, methyl nicotinate+ethyl nicotinate, methyl nicotinate+ ethyl isonicotinate, ethyl isonicotinate+ethyl nicotinate, and the control treatment. Different lowercase letters above the column indicated significant difference at 0.05 level among treatments. A: The total number of Thrips hawaiiensis caught on different semiochemicals sticky traps; B: The number of Thrips hawaiiensis female caught on different semiochemicals sticky traps; C: The number of Thrips hawaiiensis male caught on different semiochemicals sticky traps; D: The sex ratio of Thrips hawaiiensis caught on different semiochemicals sticky traps.
表 1 不同颜色粘虫板对黄胸蓟马的诱集数量和雌雄性比
Table 1. The number and sex ratio of Thrips hawaiiensis caught on different colored sticky traps
粘虫板颜色Colors 黄胸蓟马 Thrips hawaiiensis/（头·板-1·d-1） 雌雄性比Sex ratio 总数 Total number 雌成虫Female adult 雄成虫Male adult 黄色 32.00±1.19 c 22.93±1.21 c 9.07±0.61 c 2.59±0.28 b 蓝色 92.87±5.26 b 51.27±4.36 b 41.60±1.64 b 1.23±0.10 b 白色 215.33±5.37 a 157.80±6.01 a 57.53±1.20 a 2.75±0.15 a 注：表中数据为平均值±标准误。同列数据后不同的小写字母表示差异显著（P＜0.05）。Note: Data in the table are means ± SE. Different lowercase letters in the same row indicated significant difference among treatments (P＜0.05). The same as below. 
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表 2 不同悬挂高度粘虫板对黄胸蓟马的诱集数量和雌雄性比
Table 2. The number and sex ratio of Thrips hawaiiensis caught sticky traps with different heights
高度Height/cm 黄胸蓟马 Thrips hawaiiensis /（头·板−1·d−1） 雌雄性比Sex ratio 总数 Total number 雌成虫Female adult 雄成虫Male adult 255 221.93±4.23 b 154.60±4.44 b 67.33±1.57 a 2.30±0.10 b 150 266.20±1.17 a 194.47±1.28 a 71.73±0.92 a 2.71±0.05 a 75 158.00±2.20 c 103.73±3.03 c 54.27±2.65 b 1.94±0.14 c
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表 3 不同信息化合物对枇杷园有益昆虫诱集数量和益害比
Table 3. The number and benefit/harm ratio of beneficial insects caught on different semiochemicals sticky traps in loquat orchard
（头·板-1·d-1） 信息化合物Semiochemicals 有益昆虫种类 Beneficial insect species 益害比Benefit/harm ratio 食蚜蝇Hoverfly 寄生蜂类Parasitic wasp 草蛉Lacewing 蜜蜂Bee 胡蜂Vespid MI 2.22±0.18 ab 0.04±0.03 a 0.02±0.02 ab 0.76±0.28 ab 0.02±0.02 b 1:285.33 MN 2.58±0.31 a 0.04±0.03 a 0.07±0.03 a 0.56±0.16 ab 0.00±0.00 b 1:140.42 EI 2.40±0.28 ab 0.07±0.03 a 0.02±0.02 ab 0.47±0.04 ab 0.02±0.02 b 1:86.50 EN 2.73±0.17 a 0.02±0.02 a 0.07±0.03 a 0.71±0.21 ab 0.02±0.02 b 1:134.63 MI+EN 1.60±0.29 b 0.07±0.07 a 0.00±0.00 b 1.27±0.50 a 0.00±0.00 b 1:228.51 MI+EI 2.56±0.25 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.02±0.02 ab 0.65±0.09 ab 0.04±0.03 ab 1:131.97 MI+MN 1.98±0.29 ab 0.04±0.03 a 0.00±0.00 b 0.71±0.29 ab 0.04±0.03 ab 1:238.94 MN+EN 2.73±0.34 a 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 b 0.80±0.20 ab 0.00±0.00 b 1:110.59 MN+EI 1.53±0.42 b 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 b 0.20±0.13 b 0.00±0.00 b 1:202.46 EN+EI 1.47±0.39 b 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 b 0.60±0.19 ab 0.13±0.08 a 1:157.39 CK 1.53±0.25 b 0.00±0.00 a 0.00±0.00 b 0.90±0.36 ab 0.07±0.04 ab 1:62.96 注：益害比是指每天每个粘虫板平均诱集有益昆虫数量与黄胸蓟马诱集数量的比值。Note: The benefit/harm ratio refers to the ratio between the average number of beneficial insects attracted by each semiochemicals sticky trap per day and the number of T. hawaiiensis.
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