1991 Vol. 6, No. 2
Display Method:
1991, 6(2): 1-10.
Abstract:
Citrus Huanglungbin Organism is pleomorphis.The diameter of its spherical body is 50-500ntn, and the size of its rod body is 40-70x200-2500nm.It has an envelope, with 25nm in thickness, which comprises three layers of unit membrances.The outer electron-dense, the inner electron-dence and the middle electron-clear layers are, respectively, similar to cell wall with 7-10nm in thickness, protophasmic membrane with 3-8nm in thickness, and periplasmic space with 7-15nm in thickness.Both the outer cell wall and the inner protophasmic membrane are composed of two distinguishable membranes.After the treatment by papain, an electrondense layer with 5-8nm in thickness was observed under electron-microscope, which is located in electron-clear area between the outer cell wall and inner membrance, and similar to a piplidogly-cane layer between the ceil wall and the membrance of Escherichia coli.According to the presence of piptido-glycane layer in the cell wall, citrus Huanglungbin organism may be Gram-negative bacterioum, there is a relatilve linkage between the quantity of pathogen in the sieve cell of citrus cultivars and their susceptibility.
Citrus Huanglungbin Organism is pleomorphis.The diameter of its spherical body is 50-500ntn, and the size of its rod body is 40-70x200-2500nm.It has an envelope, with 25nm in thickness, which comprises three layers of unit membrances.The outer electron-dense, the inner electron-dence and the middle electron-clear layers are, respectively, similar to cell wall with 7-10nm in thickness, protophasmic membrane with 3-8nm in thickness, and periplasmic space with 7-15nm in thickness.Both the outer cell wall and the inner protophasmic membrane are composed of two distinguishable membranes.After the treatment by papain, an electrondense layer with 5-8nm in thickness was observed under electron-microscope, which is located in electron-clear area between the outer cell wall and inner membrance, and similar to a piplidogly-cane layer between the ceil wall and the membrance of Escherichia coli.According to the presence of piptido-glycane layer in the cell wall, citrus Huanglungbin organism may be Gram-negative bacterioum, there is a relatilve linkage between the quantity of pathogen in the sieve cell of citrus cultivars and their susceptibility.
1991, 6(2): 11-17.
Abstract:
For exploring the drainaging soak, promoting root growth and increasing yield mechanism of ridge cultivation in Gleyed paddy rice fietd, the soil reducing condition, rice root dry weight and abosabing capacity of rice root were surveyed in different growth stages with different soil depth.The result showed that: Inridge cultivation field the Eh of soil increased to about 300 mV between 3-5cm, 150mV, about50.....100%higher than tradition cultivation; The reducing subtance decreased 29% correspondingly; The thermal conductivity of soil increased 48%.So the growth was promoted.The Dw.and volum of rice root increased 62-92%; The root a-NA oxidizing capcity increased 43%, and the root absorb of 32P increased 46%; the grain output increased remarkably.
For exploring the drainaging soak, promoting root growth and increasing yield mechanism of ridge cultivation in Gleyed paddy rice fietd, the soil reducing condition, rice root dry weight and abosabing capacity of rice root were surveyed in different growth stages with different soil depth.The result showed that: Inridge cultivation field the Eh of soil increased to about 300 mV between 3-5cm, 150mV, about50.....100%higher than tradition cultivation; The reducing subtance decreased 29% correspondingly; The thermal conductivity of soil increased 48%.So the growth was promoted.The Dw.and volum of rice root increased 62-92%; The root a-NA oxidizing capcity increased 43%, and the root absorb of 32P increased 46%; the grain output increased remarkably.
1991, 6(2): 18-24.
Abstract:
The aim of this paper is to present the study of the ecological distribution, relationship between the characters with the distributive elevations and the latitudes on 388 strains of wild soybeans(G.soja)in Fu-jian.Results are summarized as follows; The annual wild soybeans were found from 29 counties in the east, west and north of Fujian, where the average precipitation per year was above 1 600mm, and the average temperature under 19 C- In this area, the correlation between the elevations and the latitudes where the wild soybeans growing was highly significant.The correlation of the wild soybeans growing latitude with the leave shaped and the seedcolor of wild soybeans were significant at 0.01 and 0.05 level, respectively, and its nega live correlation with growth period and the lip-content were highly significant.The 100-seed weight, protein content and the lip-content of wild soybeans growing within the district between 26N to 27N were higher than growing in other area.In order to use of those wild resourses, a proposed clasification of wild soybeans based on riping period, petaline-color, seed coat color and 100-seed weight was put forward.
The aim of this paper is to present the study of the ecological distribution, relationship between the characters with the distributive elevations and the latitudes on 388 strains of wild soybeans(G.soja)in Fu-jian.Results are summarized as follows; The annual wild soybeans were found from 29 counties in the east, west and north of Fujian, where the average precipitation per year was above 1 600mm, and the average temperature under 19 C- In this area, the correlation between the elevations and the latitudes where the wild soybeans growing was highly significant.The correlation of the wild soybeans growing latitude with the leave shaped and the seedcolor of wild soybeans were significant at 0.01 and 0.05 level, respectively, and its nega live correlation with growth period and the lip-content were highly significant.The 100-seed weight, protein content and the lip-content of wild soybeans growing within the district between 26N to 27N were higher than growing in other area.In order to use of those wild resourses, a proposed clasification of wild soybeans based on riping period, petaline-color, seed coat color and 100-seed weight was put forward.
1991, 6(2): 25-32.
Abstract:
This experiment tried to isolate Andbaena azollae directly from Azolla leaf cavities after surface sterilization, then grew it on various culture media and conditions.More longer green-keeping periord of isolated Anabdena azollae was found in alien medium suplemented with organic N and C, micro-aerobic(1% O2, 99% N2)condition to compare with N-free medium and aerobic condition.The isolates underwent a limited multiplication in above growing condition but failed to continue the further multiplication.These cyanobacteria were antigenically identical to the endosybionts of Azolla.
This experiment tried to isolate Andbaena azollae directly from Azolla leaf cavities after surface sterilization, then grew it on various culture media and conditions.More longer green-keeping periord of isolated Anabdena azollae was found in alien medium suplemented with organic N and C, micro-aerobic(1% O2, 99% N2)condition to compare with N-free medium and aerobic condition.The isolates underwent a limited multiplication in above growing condition but failed to continue the further multiplication.These cyanobacteria were antigenically identical to the endosybionts of Azolla.
1991, 6(2): 33-38.
Abstract:
Rape forms its flowers in boron-deficient condition, but fails to bear fruit.Our studies showed that the reason is boron stress causes a multiple symptom which is the deformation of reproductive organ and its structure, obstacle in pollination, imbalance in inorganic elements and disorder in biochemical metabolism etc.The destruction of anther’ s fiber layer and overy in boron deficient condition are two key factors.
Rape forms its flowers in boron-deficient condition, but fails to bear fruit.Our studies showed that the reason is boron stress causes a multiple symptom which is the deformation of reproductive organ and its structure, obstacle in pollination, imbalance in inorganic elements and disorder in biochemical metabolism etc.The destruction of anther’ s fiber layer and overy in boron deficient condition are two key factors.
1991, 6(2): 39-44.
Abstract:
13 forage plants, Secale carele L.wintergrazer-70(No.01), Lolium multiflorum L.(No.02), Silphi-um perfoliafum L.(No.03).Pennisetum amaricanum/Pennisetum purpureum F1(No.04).Oryze satira L.(No.05).Paspalum wetsteinii L.(No.6), Casuarrina eguisetifolia L.(No.7).Pinus massoniana Lambert.(No.8).Medicago saliva L.(No.9)Vicia saliva L.(No.10).Cajanus cajan L.Millsp(No.11).Leucaena leucocephala(Lam)De wit cv.Cunningham(No.12).Pheaselus atropur pureus Vav.siratro(No.13), which-grow well in Fujian hillside or winter-idle-field were employed to study protein and amino acid content.The results are as following; 1.In the dry plant sample, the content of protein.17 amino acids and 9 essential amino acids(EAA)of No.09.No.01.No.02 and No.12 are more than 26.6%.21.46%.10.56% separately.No.9 contains the highest content of 9 EAA and Lysine and 46.3%, 35.5% of the ck3(Peru fish meal)respectively.No.12 contein the highest content of Methionine and 125.9% of the ck3.2.In the each kind of protein, No.07.No.09 and No.12 contain the highest content of 9 EAA.Lysine and Methionine, they are 50.16%.5.99%.12.00% separately.3.Compared with the proportion of EAA in ideal pro-tein.The protein of No.7 close to ideal protein and the protein of No.01 and No.02 contain the lower pro-portion of lysine and Methionine.No.03 and No.06 contain the lower proportion of lysine.Evaluation to the 13 plants had been made at the last of this paper.
13 forage plants, Secale carele L.wintergrazer-70(No.01), Lolium multiflorum L.(No.02), Silphi-um perfoliafum L.(No.03).Pennisetum amaricanum/Pennisetum purpureum F1(No.04).Oryze satira L.(No.05).Paspalum wetsteinii L.(No.6), Casuarrina eguisetifolia L.(No.7).Pinus massoniana Lambert.(No.8).Medicago saliva L.(No.9)Vicia saliva L.(No.10).Cajanus cajan L.Millsp(No.11).Leucaena leucocephala(Lam)De wit cv.Cunningham(No.12).Pheaselus atropur pureus Vav.siratro(No.13), which-grow well in Fujian hillside or winter-idle-field were employed to study protein and amino acid content.The results are as following; 1.In the dry plant sample, the content of protein.17 amino acids and 9 essential amino acids(EAA)of No.09.No.01.No.02 and No.12 are more than 26.6%.21.46%.10.56% separately.No.9 contains the highest content of 9 EAA and Lysine and 46.3%, 35.5% of the ck3(Peru fish meal)respectively.No.12 contein the highest content of Methionine and 125.9% of the ck3.2.In the each kind of protein, No.07.No.09 and No.12 contain the highest content of 9 EAA.Lysine and Methionine, they are 50.16%.5.99%.12.00% separately.3.Compared with the proportion of EAA in ideal pro-tein.The protein of No.7 close to ideal protein and the protein of No.01 and No.02 contain the lower pro-portion of lysine and Methionine.No.03 and No.06 contain the lower proportion of lysine.Evaluation to the 13 plants had been made at the last of this paper.
1991, 6(2): 45-51.
Abstract:
The ultrastructure of root nodules of winged bean has been examined by trans mission electron microscopy.During development winged bean root nodules undergo a series of ultrastructural changes including the release of bacteria from the infection thread, rhizobia(Rhizobium sp.)infection that released into the host cells gradually turned to N-fixation bacteroids.The bacteroids are enclosed by envelope membranes(enclosing membrane or bacteroid perimembrane).In any asynchronous there are four different cells structural forms in root nodules:(A)immature bacteroids,(B)mature bacteroids,(C)senescent bacteroids and(D)infection thread rhizobia.During the individual development of a bacterial cells, a serie, of changes in morphological character have been observed.These changes are described in detail and the significance of the structural changes and their relationship to the development of root nodules are discussed.
The ultrastructure of root nodules of winged bean has been examined by trans mission electron microscopy.During development winged bean root nodules undergo a series of ultrastructural changes including the release of bacteria from the infection thread, rhizobia(Rhizobium sp.)infection that released into the host cells gradually turned to N-fixation bacteroids.The bacteroids are enclosed by envelope membranes(enclosing membrane or bacteroid perimembrane).In any asynchronous there are four different cells structural forms in root nodules:(A)immature bacteroids,(B)mature bacteroids,(C)senescent bacteroids and(D)infection thread rhizobia.During the individual development of a bacterial cells, a serie, of changes in morphological character have been observed.These changes are described in detail and the significance of the structural changes and their relationship to the development of root nodules are discussed.
1991, 6(2): 52-58.
Abstract:
The optimum ranges of macro-and micro-clement contents in the leaves of Guanxi Honey Pomelo in south Fujian of China were studied in 1988-1989.The main results are as follows.The amount of macro-and micro-elements in the leaves within the same cultivar was affected by different locations and years of sampling.Furthermore, data from the statistical analysis indicated that the variation coeffecients of N and P contents in the leaves were lower, while that of Mg, K and Ca have been increasing successively.The variation coefficients were higher for most micro-element contents(especially B and Mn)in the leaves than that for macro-element contents.The present study recommends that the values of the optimum ranges of the mineral elements in the leaves of spring shoots of Guanxi Honey Pomelo are N 2.50-3.10%, P 0.14-0.18%, K 1.40-2.20%, Ca 2.00-3.8%, Mg 0.32-0.47%, Cu 8.0-17.0ppm, Zn 24.0- 44.0ppm, Mn 15.0-140.Oppm, Fe 60.0-140.0ppm, B 15.0-50.0ppm.These diagnostic criteria may provide the parameters of fertilizer guide.
The optimum ranges of macro-and micro-clement contents in the leaves of Guanxi Honey Pomelo in south Fujian of China were studied in 1988-1989.The main results are as follows.The amount of macro-and micro-elements in the leaves within the same cultivar was affected by different locations and years of sampling.Furthermore, data from the statistical analysis indicated that the variation coeffecients of N and P contents in the leaves were lower, while that of Mg, K and Ca have been increasing successively.The variation coefficients were higher for most micro-element contents(especially B and Mn)in the leaves than that for macro-element contents.The present study recommends that the values of the optimum ranges of the mineral elements in the leaves of spring shoots of Guanxi Honey Pomelo are N 2.50-3.10%, P 0.14-0.18%, K 1.40-2.20%, Ca 2.00-3.8%, Mg 0.32-0.47%, Cu 8.0-17.0ppm, Zn 24.0- 44.0ppm, Mn 15.0-140.Oppm, Fe 60.0-140.0ppm, B 15.0-50.0ppm.These diagnostic criteria may provide the parameters of fertilizer guide.
1991, 6(2): 59-65.
Abstract:
More than 3 years experiments in multiple plot and demostrative popularization on a large scale show that hybrid corn can be planted in Fujian in Spring, Summer and Autumn; the best planting method for 15 percent increase in yield and value by compound colony of main crops as soybeans, peanut and sweet potato and intercrops as corn is: main crop keeping planting areas and optimum density, intercrop corn in furrow drilling 1400 plant/mu; high yield technical measures for single cropping of more than 350 kg in Autumn sowing; sown between July 25 to August 5, basic seedlings per mu 5000- 5500, fertilizing nitrogen 10-12 kg-on an average of top application of jointing and spike fertilizer.
More than 3 years experiments in multiple plot and demostrative popularization on a large scale show that hybrid corn can be planted in Fujian in Spring, Summer and Autumn; the best planting method for 15 percent increase in yield and value by compound colony of main crops as soybeans, peanut and sweet potato and intercrops as corn is: main crop keeping planting areas and optimum density, intercrop corn in furrow drilling 1400 plant/mu; high yield technical measures for single cropping of more than 350 kg in Autumn sowing; sown between July 25 to August 5, basic seedlings per mu 5000- 5500, fertilizing nitrogen 10-12 kg-on an average of top application of jointing and spike fertilizer.
1991, 6(2): 66-70.
Abstract:
The half-xyloid tender branches of loquat with 8-10cm long and 0.4-0.7cm in diameter were employed for cultage in the suitable seedbed after soaking the branches base in 200 ppm IBA or 200 ppm NAA for 3 hours 2ccording to varying varieties,respectively.The air temperature and humidity were retained in 20C-30 C and over 85%, respectively.The treatment of fine spray as well as other comprehensive techniques were used.2246 tender branches were cuttaged and the growing root was 91% in 45 days.The transplanting survival rate of these growing root seedlings was 99%.The remaining branches without growing roots were treated repeatly by 200 ppm IBA for half hour and the growing root rate were 88.0% after 30 days.The time of raising seedlings by tender branch was one year shorter than that by graftage.
The half-xyloid tender branches of loquat with 8-10cm long and 0.4-0.7cm in diameter were employed for cultage in the suitable seedbed after soaking the branches base in 200 ppm IBA or 200 ppm NAA for 3 hours 2ccording to varying varieties,respectively.The air temperature and humidity were retained in 20C-30 C and over 85%, respectively.The treatment of fine spray as well as other comprehensive techniques were used.2246 tender branches were cuttaged and the growing root was 91% in 45 days.The transplanting survival rate of these growing root seedlings was 99%.The remaining branches without growing roots were treated repeatly by 200 ppm IBA for half hour and the growing root rate were 88.0% after 30 days.The time of raising seedlings by tender branch was one year shorter than that by graftage.
1991, 6(2): 71-74.
Abstract:
With coefficient of inbreeding being 12.5-25%, the M and R line duck which lay blue shelled egg was applied to test-cross with egg shell N line.As a result, both blue egg shell homotype A and heterotype B have been obtained.While crossing A type with N line, all their full F1 duck laid blue egg.According to probability analysis and principle of qualitative character determination, it is of 95- 99% reliability for A type parents possessing homozygotle of dominant blue shell.Crossing B type with N line, full F1 duck laid both white and blue egg, so B type is a dominant heterozygote in terms of the mentioned principle above.Moreover, F1 from A cross N line was carried out back-cross with N line, the ratio of blue to white shell in F2 egg was 1:1, as self-crossing among F1 which become 3:1.And all full duck bred from either selfed A type or back cross between A selfed progeny and N line laid entirely blue egg.All the results mentioned above conform to the genetic law of qualitative character and elucidate that egg shell colour of Putian black duck is controlled by alleles with dominant blue and recessive white, therefore, blue shell dominanted over the white one.
With coefficient of inbreeding being 12.5-25%, the M and R line duck which lay blue shelled egg was applied to test-cross with egg shell N line.As a result, both blue egg shell homotype A and heterotype B have been obtained.While crossing A type with N line, all their full F1 duck laid blue egg.According to probability analysis and principle of qualitative character determination, it is of 95- 99% reliability for A type parents possessing homozygotle of dominant blue shell.Crossing B type with N line, full F1 duck laid both white and blue egg, so B type is a dominant heterozygote in terms of the mentioned principle above.Moreover, F1 from A cross N line was carried out back-cross with N line, the ratio of blue to white shell in F2 egg was 1:1, as self-crossing among F1 which become 3:1.And all full duck bred from either selfed A type or back cross between A selfed progeny and N line laid entirely blue egg.All the results mentioned above conform to the genetic law of qualitative character and elucidate that egg shell colour of Putian black duck is controlled by alleles with dominant blue and recessive white, therefore, blue shell dominanted over the white one.
1991, 6(2): 75-83.
Abstract:
In this paper,a brief account of techniques and methods in insect virology theory and practice are given,mainly with the methods in insect, nuclear polyedrosis virus(NPV)researches.The contents include the morphology and structure, biological and biochemical properties baculovirus gene engineering, serology and pathology, researches and practical techniques of NPV in biological control and so on.
In this paper,a brief account of techniques and methods in insect virology theory and practice are given,mainly with the methods in insect, nuclear polyedrosis virus(NPV)researches.The contents include the morphology and structure, biological and biochemical properties baculovirus gene engineering, serology and pathology, researches and practical techniques of NPV in biological control and so on.
1991, 6(2): 84-87.
Abstract:
The paper reports firstly that the predatory insect, the ground beetle C. virgulifer, fed on young farmland mouse indoors.The young mouse was hurt by one or two adults of the predator,and killed by three or moue of them.An average intake of per predator was 0.21g.The accumulative time from attacked to killed of the young mouse was taken two hours and thirty-eight minutes.Attacking behavior of the predator was several predators fed altermately the young mouse at one place and made it death by excessive lose of blood.
The paper reports firstly that the predatory insect, the ground beetle C. virgulifer, fed on young farmland mouse indoors.The young mouse was hurt by one or two adults of the predator,and killed by three or moue of them.An average intake of per predator was 0.21g.The accumulative time from attacked to killed of the young mouse was taken two hours and thirty-eight minutes.Attacking behavior of the predator was several predators fed altermately the young mouse at one place and made it death by excessive lose of blood.
1991, 6(2): 88-88.
Abstract:
