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【Objective】 Provide a visual and rapid detection technology for the rapid detection of the New-genotype Muscovy duck Parvovirus at the grassroots level.【Methods】 This study targets the conserved fragment of the VP3 gene of the New-genotype Muscovy duck Parvovirus. Recombinant enzyme polymerase amplification (RPA) technology was used and specific RPA amplification primers were designed. Combined with EXO fluorescent probes, an accurate and efficient isothermal rapid detection method for the New-genotype Muscovy duck Parvovirus RPA was established. The sensitivity and specificity of the detection method were evaluated, and compared with traditional PCR methods and virus isolation and identification methods.【Results】 This detection method can detect 10 fg/ μL The viral nucleic acid of L has high sensitivity; Only specific amplification of the New-genotype Muscovy duck Parvovirus was performed, and there was no cross reaction with duck adenovirus type 3, duck adenovirus type 4, duck circovirus, duck plague virus, duck viral hepatitis virus, duck tambusu virus, and new duck reovirus, indicating good specificity; Using the RPA method established in this study, the PCR method established earlier, and the virus isolation and identification method, 38 clinical collected duck tissue samples were tested, and the results showed positive rates of 36.8% (14/38), 36.8% (14/38), and 31.6% (12/38), respectively; And the positive samples detected by RPA were tested positive by PCR and virus isolation and identification methods, with a compliance rate of 100%. The compliance rate with PCR in clinical sample testing is 100%. 【Conclusion】 This method can be well applied to grassroots areas lacking corresponding detection equipment for large-scale clinical sample detection of the New-genotype Muscovy duck Parvovirus, providing technical means for visual rapid detection and epidemiological investigation of the novel muscovy duck parvovirus.
【Objective】 Provide a visual and rapid detection technology for the rapid detection of the New-genotype Muscovy duck Parvovirus at the grassroots level.【Methods】 This study targets the conserved fragment of the VP3 gene of the New-genotype Muscovy duck Parvovirus. Recombinant enzyme polymerase amplification (RPA) technology was used and specific RPA amplification primers were designed. Combined with EXO fluorescent probes, an accurate and efficient isothermal rapid detection method for the New-genotype Muscovy duck Parvovirus RPA was established. The sensitivity and specificity of the detection method were evaluated, and compared with traditional PCR methods and virus isolation and identification methods.【Results】 This detection method can detect 10 fg/ μL The viral nucleic acid of L has high sensitivity; Only specific amplification of the New-genotype Muscovy duck Parvovirus was performed, and there was no cross reaction with duck adenovirus type 3, duck adenovirus type 4, duck circovirus, duck plague virus, duck viral hepatitis virus, duck tambusu virus, and new duck reovirus, indicating good specificity; Using the RPA method established in this study, the PCR method established earlier, and the virus isolation and identification method, 38 clinical collected duck tissue samples were tested, and the results showed positive rates of 36.8% (14/38), 36.8% (14/38), and 31.6% (12/38), respectively; And the positive samples detected by RPA were tested positive by PCR and virus isolation and identification methods, with a compliance rate of 100%. The compliance rate with PCR in clinical sample testing is 100%. 【Conclusion】 This method can be well applied to grassroots areas lacking corresponding detection equipment for large-scale clinical sample detection of the New-genotype Muscovy duck Parvovirus, providing technical means for visual rapid detection and epidemiological investigation of the novel muscovy duck parvovirus.
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Objective In the two dimensions of grape quality improvement and brewing optimization, the effects of GS-1 leaf fertilizer on the nutritional quality of Ziqiu wild grape and different process parameters on the taste of wine were studied. This study would provide theoretical and technical supports for brewing high-quality wine. Method Different concentrations of GS-1 foliar fertiliser were sprayed three times after the grape colour change period. The changes in the total acid and total sugar content of Ziqiu grape were measured regularly, and the ratio of sugar to acid (ripeness coefficient) was calculated to clarify the best processing and harvesting period of Ziqiu wild grape. After grape harvest, the optimum application concentration of GS-1 foliar fertilizer was determined by comparing the effects of different foliar fertilizer concentrations on the main nutritional qualities such as proanthocyanidins, free anthocyanins, total phenolics and total flavonoids in Ziqiu wild grape fruits. Based on the sensory evaluation and physical and chemical indexes, the single factor test was carried out on the four factors of variety, fermentation temperature, time and inoculation amount, and the orthogonal test was carried out based on the single factor test to optimise the fermentation process of wine. Result (1) The suitable processing and harvesting date for Ziqiu wild grapes in the southern Fujian region is late September, and their harvest maturity coefficient (M value) can reach over 21; (2) After spraying 300 times GS-1 foliar fertilizer to Ziqiu wild grapes, the nutritional quality of wine can be significantly improved. Compared to the control treatment, the contents of total sugar, free anthocyanins, anthocyanins, phenols, and flavonoids of Ziqiu wild grape increased 3.79%, 26.99%, 35.41%, 13.91%, and 24.12%, respectively; (3) The fermentation process parameters of Ziqiu wine were optimized, the strain was JP2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae, fermentation temperature was 24 ℃, inoculation amount was 1%, and fermentation time was10 days. Conclusion GS-1 foliar fertiliser application and maturity monitoring can improve the quality of Ziqiu wild grape in southern Fujian. Optimising the brewing process of Ziqiu wild dry red wine lays the foundation for the development of Ziqiu wild wine industry.
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In this paper, the geographical characteristics of coastal areas in southern China were described, Dividing salt-tolerant plants into different life types, the main species of salt-tolerant plants were reviewed, the living habits and planting characteristics of salt-tolerant plants under different life types were described in detail. From the five aspects of heavy metal pollution, organic compound pollution, soil salinization, biodiversity restoration and water eutrophication, the role and application potential of salt-tolerant plants combined with other restoration materials in coastal ecological restoration were discussed, and the existing problems in ecological restoration of salt-tolerant plants in coastal sandy land were analyzed based on the review of ecological restoration progress. The research direction of coastal saline-alkali ecological restoration was proposed from the aspects of plant salt-tolerance research, introduction and screening of salt-tolerant plants, combined application of new restorative materials and plants, and establishment of multiple salt-tolerant plant interaction systems, so as to provide ideas for future coastal saline-alkali ecological environment restoration and land sustainable utilization.
In this paper, the geographical characteristics of coastal areas in southern China were described, Dividing salt-tolerant plants into different life types, the main species of salt-tolerant plants were reviewed, the living habits and planting characteristics of salt-tolerant plants under different life types were described in detail. From the five aspects of heavy metal pollution, organic compound pollution, soil salinization, biodiversity restoration and water eutrophication, the role and application potential of salt-tolerant plants combined with other restoration materials in coastal ecological restoration were discussed, and the existing problems in ecological restoration of salt-tolerant plants in coastal sandy land were analyzed based on the review of ecological restoration progress. The research direction of coastal saline-alkali ecological restoration was proposed from the aspects of plant salt-tolerance research, introduction and screening of salt-tolerant plants, combined application of new restorative materials and plants, and establishment of multiple salt-tolerant plant interaction systems, so as to provide ideas for future coastal saline-alkali ecological environment restoration and land sustainable utilization.
Passion Fruit Ripening Stages Divided by Logistic Growth Model with Multiple Quantifiable Indicators
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Objective To effectively determine the summer growth and development as well as the fruit formation and maturation of passion fruits applying logistic model was studied. Method Physiochemical parameters including transverse and longitudinal diameters, solid to acid ratio, pulp percentage, pericarp thickness, and firmness of Qinmi No. 9 passion fruits were monitored as the plant grew and fruits developed. A logistic growth model incorporating those quantifiable indicators was evaluated to classify the fruit maturity stages by a factor analysis. Result In terms of longitudinal and transverse diameters, the passion fruits grew in a slow-fast-slow pattern. Once the effective accumulated temperature in growth degree days (GDDs) reached 440 ℃·d, the fruits essentially had completed the enlargement stage. Thereafter, the solid to acid ratio and pulp yield of the fruits were in an S-shape trend, while the peel thickness and fruit firmness in a declining cubic function. A significant correlation was observed between the indicators and GDD. With the factor analysis-generated assessment index, IM, the mathematic model built with the logistic growth function showed a high fitting of 99.25% on fruit maturity. Three growth transition points, t1, t2, and t3, distinctively separated the fruits development into (A) the pulp weight gaining stage with a GDD of 475-736 ℃·d, (B) the color-changing stage with a GDD of 736-997 ℃·d, and (C) the ripening stage with a GDD of 997-1,200 ℃·d. Conclusion The analysis based on the selected quantitative physiochemical indicators effectively divided the maturation of Qinmi No. 9 passion fruits into the pulp weight gaining, color-changing, and ripening stages. The result would facilitate the design of automated fruit picking and storage management.
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Objective Mating type and fungicides for effective control of Phytophthora colocasiae that caused 2020 taro blight epidemic in Fujian were determined. Method Specimens of diseased taro tissues were collect from the 4 blight-infected regions in Fujian to isolate and identify the pathogen. Based on the morphology, pathogenicity, and sequence homology of Ypt1, the pathogenic strains were identified to be of P. colocasiae. Subsequently, mating type and sensitivity to 6 fungicides of the isolates were determined in the laboratory. Result In total, 125 strains were isolated and identified to have caused the epidemic. Out of them, 122 belonged to the A2 mating type and 3 the A1A2 type. The laboratory toxicity test of 6 fungicides on the isolates showed 98% metalaxyl to be the strongest with EC50 of 0.146±0.032 μg·mL−1, while the EC50 of 95% dimethomorph, 98% fluopicolide, and 94% cyazofamid ranged from 0.239±0.011 μg·mL−1 to 0.713±0.088 μg·mL−1 and that of 95% azoxystrobin at 23.447±3.666 μg·mL−1. Conclusion The dominant strains of P. colocasiae that caused the taro blight in Fujian in 2020 were of the A2 mating type and could be best controlled by using 98% metalaxyl, 95% dimethomorph, 98% fluopicolide, or 94% cyazofamid.
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Objective Effects of biochar application on the physiology of Fokienia hodginsii seedlings under drought stress and enzyme activities in the soil were investigated. Method Corn-stalk biochar was added in varied rates to the irrigation-controlled potting soil in cultivating one-year-old F. hodginsii seedlings. Growth and osmotic regulator contents of the seedlings as well as enzyme activities in soils containing the biochar at 20 g·kg−1 (T1), 50 g·kg−1 (T2), or 80 g·kg−1 (T3) along with a blank control (CK) were determined. Result (1) All biochar applications significantly promoted the seedling growth and biomass accumulation (P＜0.05) with T2 showing the greatest increases on plant height, root diameter, and per plant biomass. (2) Under draught, the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and proline in the seedlings of the treatment groups increased initially followed by a decline. In 42 d, soluble sugar and proline peaked, so did soluble protein in 56 d. The overall effect by the treatments ranked T2＞T1＞T3＞CK. The seedlings grown on T2 had 50.7% more soluble sugar, 127% more soluble protein, and 54.4% more proline than those on CK. (3) The treatments also significantly elevated the enzyme activities in soil (P＜0.05). Specifically, urease activity reached the maximum in 70d, catalase, nitrate reductase, and sucrase activities in 42d, and sucrase content in 56 d. Of all treatments, the effects ranked T2＞T1＞T3＞CK. Again, T2 was the top performer. Conclusion Short of adequate water supply, biochar addition at a rate of 50 g·kg−1 significantly boosted the enzyme activity in the soil and benefitted the growth and stress resistance of the seedlings grown in the field. On the other hand, an addition beyond that level could be detrimental.
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Objective Viruses that infected chili pepper crops in Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia were identified, and their genetic relationship analyzed. Methods The 47 infected chili pepper plants at 4 major producing areas in Chifeng City were diagnosed, and viruses identified by sRNA high-throughput sequencing with bioinformatic analysis and RT-PCR. Fragments of RT-PCR were sequenced using the Sanger method to conduct a phylogenetic analysis with the MEGA software. Results Six viruses were identified by sRNA high-throughput sequencing. Of which, 4 were re-verified by RT-PCR. The dominant viruses infecting the 4 regions differed significantly. They were BBWV2 and PVY in Chengzi County of Songshang District, PVY and PMMoV in Jinshan County of Kalaqin District, and BBWV2 in Ningchen County and Xijiao County of kalaqin District. When the infection was caused by multiple viruses, it was mostly by two major pathogens and had the highest rate of occurrence at 61.54%. The phylogenetic analysis on the sequenced nucleotides of the viruses showed distinctive genetic differences between PMMoV and BBWV2 and, possibly, PVY of a novel genetic type. Conclusion There are significant differences in the types of viruses, detection rates, and types of virus co-infections that occur in different chili production areas of Chifeng City in Inner Mongolia .
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Objective To establish a rapid method for detection of porcine pseudorabies virus by RAA. Methods Based on the PRV gE gene sequence, specific primers and probes were designed, and the amplification system was optimized to establish a PRV Recombinase Aided Amplification (Recombinase Aided Amplification, RAA) Detection Method The specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility of this method were evaluated, and it was further applied to detect clinical samples. Results PRV nucleic acid could be amplified by this method at a constant temperature of 43 ℃ for 23 min, and the detection limit was 111 copies·μL−1.There was no cross reaction with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, porcine rotavirus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, porcine circovirus 2 and porcine circovirus 3. Repeatability tests showed that the coefficient of variation within and between groups was less than 5%. The results of 40 clinical samples showed that the positive rate of PRV was 15% (6/40), and the result was consistent with conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Conclusion A simple, rapid, efficient and accurate method for fluorescence RAA detection of PRV has been successfully established, which provides a new detection method for rapid detection and epidemiological investigation of PRV.
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Objective Through sexual breeding lines, high-yield and high-quality vegetable soybean varieties are selected to improve the breeding efficiency of fresh soybeans and promoted the diversification of the fresh soybean seed industry. Cultivating new varieties of vegetable soybeans suitable for the climatic conditions of Fujian Province will drive the development of the vegetable soybean industry and the revitalization of rural. Method Hybridization, Zhexian 12 as female parent and Jiaoda 18 as male parent, was carried out. Using pedigree selection, the line with excellent genes originated from parents was selected and named as 17B34-2-1. Result In the winter of 2019, the average yield of fresh pods was 11753.40 kg·hm−2, which was 15.00 % higher than that of the control Maodou No. 3 (CK) with significant increase in yield. It was named Mindou 13. In 2020 and 2021 Fujian Provincial regional trials, the average fresh pod yield of Mindou 13 was 11348.40 kg·hm−2, which was 4.07 % higher than that of Maodou No. 3(CK). The new variety was approved and released by the Fujian Provincial Committee of crop variety Identification in July 2022. Conclusion A new vegetable soybean variety ‘Mindou No.13’ was bred, which has the characteristics of high yield of fresh pod, advantaged of tastes distinct fragrance, sweet, soft and glutinous quality and wide adaptability. It is a medium-matured vegetable soybean variety, and suitable for spring planting in Fujian Province.
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Objective Pseudomonas sp. in the rhizosphere of Hippophae rhamnoides were isolated and studied for potential application as a biofertilizer. Method Microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil of Hippophae rhamnoides sinensis subsp. in the wild in Qinghai Province were isolated by using selected media and purified by plate streaking. Candidate Pseudomonas strains were morphologically, physiologically, and biochemically identified as well as 16S rDNA sequenced. Abilities of the isolates to degrade organic and inorganic phosphorus, potassium, cellulose and/or to fix nitrogen were examined. Effects of spraying the bacterial culture broth of the individual isolates on the seed germination and seedling growth of Ipomoea aquatica Forssk were observed. Result On different media of specific formulations, the diameters of the turbid circles born by the 7 isolated Pseudomonas strains cultured for 3d ranged 4.28-13.71mm with 5.15-25.41 μg·mL-1 of dissolved organic phosphorus, those of clear circles 3.51-7.62mm with 2.15-22.26 μg·mL−1 of dissolved inorganic phosphorus, those of halos 11.12-21.85mm with 5.07-14.33 μg·mL-1 of dissolved potassium, those of transparent circles 4.61-10.22 mm of cellulose-degradation, and the ratios of the nitrogen-fixing clear circle diameter (D) to the colony growth circle diameter (d) 1.33-1.86. The isolated Pseudomonas strains significantly improved the I. aquatica seed germination rate and seedling growth. Among them, ZGSJ-3 showed the largest increases of 35.2% on the 3.69 mm leaf width and of 41.2% on the 50.25 mm stem length over control. Conclusion Presence of the Pseudomonas sp., especially ZGSJ-3 and ZGSJ-7, isolated in this study significantly improved the seed germination and seedling growth of I. aquatica.
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Objective SSRs in the transcriptome of Nymphaea flowers were studied to generate new markers for evaluating germplasms and facilitating breeding of tropical waterlilies. Method SSR loci were retrieved from the transcriptomes of floral pistils, stamens, and petals of Nymphaea Paul Stetson using MISA. Characteristics of the loci were analyzed by Excel, and primers designed by Primer 3.0 and screened by TP-M13-SSR PCR. Result There were 12,365 SSRs found in the 39,079 unigenes of the transcriptome at the frequency of 31.64% averaging one SSR locus per 5.79kb. Most of the SSRs had dinucleotide repeat motifs comprising 71.85% of total with AG/CT being the dominant unit that made up 61.34% of the motifs. Trinucleotide repeat motifs accounted for 26.10% of the sites with AAG/CTT being dominant at 8.30%. The repeating frequency was 5-20 times with a sequence of 12-30bp averaging 18.38bp long. Of the 9,212 pairs of primers designed, 100 were randomly selected for a validation by PCR amplification to arrive at 9 pairs with high polymorphism being used as the markers. Subsequently, the 12 germplasms were clustered into 3 branches under a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.7375. Conclusion The SSR loci in the Nymphaea transcriptome were high on distribution frequency, rich in diversity, greatly polymorphic, and desirable for applications. The 9 pairs of SSR primers identified in this study extended the existing marker repertoire facilitating effective germplasm differentiation on waterlilies.
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Objective Honey, with its sweet taste and exceptional nutritional value, has garnered extensive attention in the food and medical industries in recent years. Specialty honeys not only possess medicinal properties derived from plants but also exhibit robust antioxidant capabilities and antibacterial activity. Currently, there is relatively little comparative research on specialty honeys in China, indicating significant potential and opportunities for the development and utilization of specialty honey. Method This study investigated 33 varieties of special honey from different regions in China, conducting tests and analyses on their physicochemical properties and biological activities. The antioxidant activity of honey was evaluated through DPPH free radical scavenging experiments and FRAP total antioxidant capacity tests, while antibacterial activity was assessed using the agar diffusion method and microdilution method in broth. Result All honey samples met the national standard requirements for physicochemical properties. Among the 33 types of honey, Leucosceptrum honey exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, while Chestnut honey and Agastache honey also performed well. Fennel honey and Goji honey showed the strongest antibacterial abilities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity of honey showed a significant positive correlation with the total phenolic content, while its correlation with antibacterial capacity was not significant. Conclusion Some specialty honeys have exhibit excellent biological activities, indicating their potential value for further development and utilization. The results of this study can also provide a basis for the grading and evaluation of honey in the current consumer market.
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Objective The impact of one-time application of controlled-release blended fertilizer on the rice grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of double-cropping rice system in tropical regions were studied to provide a reference base for the application and dissemination of controlled-release blended fertilizer. Method Field experiments of rice were carried out in Fengmu Town, Tunchang County and Dongcheng Town, Danzhou City in Hainan Province during the 2016 rice growing season, and conventional fertilization with 3 split applications (T1), one-time application of controlled-release blended fertilizer (T2) and nitrogen reduction by 10% (T3) and 20% (T4) were carried out in the experiments. A comprehensive assessment was conducted on the rice grain yield, nitrogen uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency of double-cropping rice in tropical regions. Result The results showed that one-time application of controlled-release blended fertilizer promoted nitrogen absorption and dry matter accumulation of rice, and improved rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency. In comparison to the traditional method of split fertilization, the rice grain yield increased by 7.43%～22.84%, above-ground dry matter accumulation increased by 8.22%～22.39%, nitrogen accumulation increased by 12.19%～32.06%, nitrogen use efficiency increased by 31.67%～75.65% under the equal nitrogen input from controlled-release blended fertilizer, and the differences were significant (except for the yield of early rice in Dongcheng). Moreover, under the condition of 10～20% nitrogen reduction, one-time application of controlled-release blended fertilizer also increased or not significantly decreased the rice grain yield, accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen content, and had a certain effect on nitrogen utilization efficiency. Conclusion One-time application of controlled-release blended fertilizer can improve the grain yield of rice and the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer utilization, and can still obtain higher yield with 10～20% nitrogen reduction, it is an effective way to simplify fertilization, improve efficiency and reduce nitrogen input for double cropping rice in tropical regions.
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Objective Endophytic microbes of Pinellia ternata and rhizosphere microbial communities in the habitat soils in Guizhou as affected by the environmental conditions were analyzed. Methods High throughput sequencing to identify the endophytic and rhizosphere microbiota in P. ternata and soils of the wild, large-scale cultivated, and intercropped P. ternata plants grew in Guizhou was conducted. Microbial diversity, species, relationships, and enzyme activities as well as functional microflora were analyzed. Bioinformatics was employed to decipher the ecological relationship between the plant and its habitat. Results The environmental, physiochemical, and enzymatic conditions on the land where P. ternata plants were grown in the wild or under cultivation varied significantly. For instance, the organic matter content and acidity were high in the cultivated plots, but the enzyme activity high in the soil of virgin forest. In the plants, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Bradyrhizobium were the dominant endophytic bacteria genera, whereas Campylospora, Neocosmospora,Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, Dactylonectria, unclassified genera of Xylariales order, etc. were found to be the dominant fungi genera. In the rhizosphere soil, abundant dominant microbial species regularly aggregated and were affected by the environmental factors and planting method. For example, 10 dominant bacteria genera and 13 fungi genera significantly correlated with the physicochemical properties and/or enzyme activity of the soil they inhabited. In general, the endophytic microbes in the plants were more sensitive to the environmental factors than those in the rhizosphere soil. And they could be synergistic as well as antagonistic to one another, but the rhizosphere community tended to be stable. Aside from the unclassified and unknown genera, the dominant endophytic bacteria were mostly considered beneficial for the plant. Conclusion The microbial community in the soil could be improved by adjusting pH and applying microbial fertilizers. The endophytic microbes of P. ternate including Rhizobia,Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Agrobacterium, Trichoderma, and Metarhizium anisopliae could be used to enhance the plant growth ushering in the development of a pharmaceutical industry based on the medicinal material.
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Objective Matrix effects in detecting 15 pesticide residues in six types of tea using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) with a sample pretreatment of QuEChERS were analyzed for assay improvement. Methods Tea samples were pretreated with QuEChERS, and solvent and matrix standard curves for the mass concentrations of 0.01-0.32 mg·L−1 prepared. After a GC-MS/MS determination, the matrix effects were calculated. Results Matrix effects were enhanced in the determination that ranged from 1.35-411.58% with the strong, medium, and weak matrix effects of 73.33%, 23.33%, and 3.33%, respectively. When black tea was used as an alternative matrix, they ranged 0.62-59.22% with the strong, medium, and weak matrix effects at 1.33%, 14.67% and 84.00%, respectively. Whereas, when a mixed tea was applied as an alternative matrix, suppressed matrix effects resulted at 0.09-48.09% with the strong, medium, and weak matrix effects at 0, 13.33% and 86.67%. Conclusion The matrix effects in the pesticide residue detection on teas were complex. Application of a matrix standard curve reduced the matrix effects and improved the determination accuracy. By using mixed tea sample as an alternative matrix, the analysis efficiency was significantly enhanced.
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Objective Effects of fertilizer type and application rate on the growth of Kandelia obovate seedlings as well as the microbial community in soil were studied. Method In a field experiment, K. obovate seedlings were planted on lots treated by 3 different organic fertilizers or an inorganic fertilizer at 4 application rates, along with no-fertilizer as control (CK). Plant height and leaf length, width, number, and chlorophyll content of the seedling in the autumn were determined. Composition of the microbial community in soil was detected by high-throughput sequencing based on 16S rRNA gene. Result On the lots applied with Zun Long Fertilizer at the rate of 9.74 g·kg−1, the seedlings, in comparison to those on CK, were 117.50% taller and had 51.15% longer, 63.34% wider, and 178.57% more leaves in 120 d. The microbial compositions in the soil at the lots applied with organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, and CK differed significantly. In addition, there were more distinct species on the organic fertilizers-treated soil than on the others. The plant grew positively with the microbial α-diversity in soil treated with the organic fertilizers, but negatively in soil treated with the inorganic fertilizers. Moreover, the organic fertilization fostered proliferation of beneficial microbes, such as Actinobacteriota and genera Nitrospira, Nocardioides, and Limibaculum, which could synergistically promote the plant growth as well. Conclusion Application of organic fertilizer enhanced the growth of K. obovate as well as the microbial diversity of soil. On the other hand, inorganic fertilizer provided relatively limited benefits on the growth of the plants, yet considerably hindered the development of a healthy soil microbiome.
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Objective Effects of extending the conventional two-year sugarcane ratooning on the agronomy, yield, and economics of the 3rd year crop were analyzed. Method On ridge and furrow beds, 3 major sugarcane varieties cultivated in Guangxi Province, Guiliu 2 (GL2), Guitang 44 (GT44), and Yuetang 00236 (YT236), were grown conventionally as control. In the 3rd year of the experiment, GF296 sugarcane stems started from seeds were used to fill in the areas where 2nd year ratoons of the 3 chosen varieties of sugarcane did not sprout in the spring following the replanting. Major agronomic characteristics and sucrose content of all harvested crops in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th year were determined for a comparative economic evaluation. Result The number of effective stems of replanted population of GL2, GT44, and YT236 was significantly higher than that of non-replanted population (CK). The yield of GL2, GT44, and YT236 populations as well as their corresponding CK populations decreased with the extended rooting years but increased with the extension of the ratoon years. Comparing the ratoon sugarcane varieties GL2, GT44, and YT236 with their respective control groups, it was found that there were differences in measurements on plant height, stem diameter, and weight per stem across various ratoon years. The number of effective stems of GL2, GT44, and YT236 without replanting significantly inversely correlated with the years of ratooning, which were -0.907, -0.931, and -0.756, respectively, so was the yield, which were −0.915, −0.905, and −0.930, respectively. The years of ratooning of the three varieties did not correlate with the yield, nor the number of effective stems after replanting. It suggested that the ratooning of sugarcane could be prolonged after replanting. Furthermore, after replanting, the financial returns of GL2, GT44, and YT236 were also raised with the increased total net incomes of 48,120.80 yuan·hm−2, 46,765.80 yuan·hm−2, and 42,398.60 yuan·hm−2, respectively. Conclusion Direct replanting GF296 seed stems could effectively extend for 3 years of ratooning. It significantly increased the economic benefits for the farming while producing high-yield, stable sugarcane crops.
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Abstact: Objective In order to provide a basis for further promoting the new technology of extending the ratoon sugarcane seed stalk by direct replanting, the effects of extending the second year of ratoon on the traits and yield of sugarcane varieties were studied. Method GL2, GT44 and YT236, three major sugarcane varieties in Guangxi Province, were taken as the replanted population in the second year of ratoon. GF296 seed stalks were used for the direct replanting treatment on the ridge and furrow sugarcane beds with cultivated resistance and the non-replanted population was the control (CK), and the important agronomic traits and sucrose content of the replanted and non-replanted populations were determined at the harvest stage of the 3rd, 4th and 5th year of ratoon, respectively, and the economic benefits were measured. Result The number of effective stems of GL2, GT44 and YT236 after replanting was significantly higher than that of CK. The yield of CK decreased with the extension of permanent root years, and the population yield increased with the extension of permanent root years after replanting, but there was no significant difference in other agronomic traits. The effective stem number of GL2, GT44 and YT236 populations without replanting was negatively correlated with the ratoon years, which were −0.907, −0.931 and −0.756, respectively. The yield was also significantly negatively correlated with the years of ratoon roots, which were −0.915, −0.905 and −0.930, respectively. The results showed that the ratoon years of three varieties were not negatively correlated with yield and number of effective stems, indicating that the ratoon years of sugarcane could be extended after replanting. At the same time, the economic benefits of GL2, GT44 and YT236 groups also increased after replanting, and their total net income increased by 48120.80 yuan /hm2, 46765.80 yuan /hm2 and 42398.60 yuan /hm2 during the three-year ratoon period, respectively. Conclusion Directly replanting of GF296 could effectively extend the years of ratoon for 3 years, which was cost-effective in terms of economic benefit comparison and suitable for large-scale promotion. Therefore, this study provides a theoretical basis for constructing high and stable yield population, realizing the potential of sugarcane ratoon, and realizing stable and high yield.
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: Objective To study the genetic rule of waxy maize yield and sugar degree, and analyze the correlation between yield, sugar degree and three ear leaves traits, so as to provide reference for breeding of fresh waxy maize with high sugar degree and explore the mechanism of the influence of three ear leaves traits on quality traits. Methods In this study, 6 inbred lines were used as test species, and 15 waxy maize inbred lines were selected for incomplete diallel hybridization (NCII design). The yield of ear, soluble sugar content (sugar degree) of grain, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and other 10 ear and plant-related traits of the hybrid combinations were measured at the harvest period (21 days after pollination). Panicle weight and sugar content were the main yield and quality traits to evaluate the contribution of L. trefoil to yield and quality. The other characters were used as reference characters to evaluate the importance of three ear leave to yield and quality. According to the measured data, general combining ability (GCA) and special combining ability (SCA) of ear yield and sugar content were analyzed. Results The results showed that there was a strong correlation between leaf length and ear yield in three ear leave characters. There was a strong correlation between leaf width and sugar content. There was a significant negative correlation between ear yield and sugar content, so materials with moderate leaf length and wide leaf width should be preferred in breeding process to improve the selection efficiency of high-quality waxy maize. Conclusion The study indicated that the length and width of the leaves, especially the lower ear leaves and ear position leaves, could be used as the basis for selecting breeding materials of waxy maize.
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Objective Effects of waterlogging on quality of maize kernels at filling stage were studied to decipher the mechanism and for breeding selection. Method Two backbone maize inbred lines in Guangxi, 88M-1-8 and Xian 21A, were subjected to normal water irrigation (CK) or artificial flooding treatments (W) after pollination. The experiment lasted 14d or 18d with a total of 4 variables, i.e., CK-14, CK-18, W-14, and W-18. Contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar, starch, sucrose, and abscisic acid (ABA) as well as activities of sucrose synthetase (SS-I in decomposition direction) and granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) of the kernels were measured. Effect of waterlogging on maize quality at filling stage was evaluated using the principal component analysis and membership function method. Result Under W-14, the contents of protein, starch, and ABA and the activities of SS-I and GBSS in 88M-1-8 were significantly higher than those in Xian 21A, so were the soluble sugar, starch, ABA, and GBSS in 88M-1-8 under W-18. As the waterlogging prolonged, the soluble protein, starch, sucrose, SS-I, and GBSS in both inbred lines raised significantly. The protein, starch, ABA, and SS-I in 88M-1-8 increased more significantly, and the soluble sugar, sucrose and GBSS in Xian 21A more significantly in W-14 than CK-14. Furthermore, compared with CK-18, W-18 induced more significant increases on the soluble sugar and ABA in 88M-1-8, and the protein, starch, sucrose, SS-I, and GBSS in Xian 21A. Evaluated by the principal component analysis and membership function method on various kernel quality indicators, the tolerance of the two species to flooding were 88M-1-8 under W-14＞88M-1-8 under W-18＞Xian 21A under W-14＞Xian 21A under W-18. Conclusion Artificially flooding the maize plants raised the soluble protein, soluble sugar, starch, sucrose, SS-I, and GBSS in kernels over regular irrigation. 88M-1-8 and Xian 21A differed in responses to the stress. Waterlogging-tolerant 88M-1-8 was significantly higher in the GBSS activity and ABA and starch contents than Xian 21A. Nonetheless, prolonged waterlogging reduced the stress tolerance of either cultivar.
, Available online ,
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.009.018
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Objective Changes of the microbial community in fermentation of substrates for cultivating Agaricus bisporus were investigated. Method The microbial community characteristics of a compound A. bisporus culture substrates containing spent Flammulina velutiper and Pleurotus eryngii materials were monitored during the 7 stages, Ag1 to Ag7 from pile building to 1st and 2nd fermentation, using the high throughput 16S rDNA full-length sequencing of Pacbio platform. Result A total of 715 OTUs were obtained in the fermentation process (i.e., 328, 340, 294, 377, 364, 166, and 174 for each stage) with 161 OTUs commonly found in all stage. The microbes included 21 phyla, 299 genera, and 399 species. At phylum level, Fimicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Gemmatimonadetes had higher abundance in all 7 stages. The dominant genus in the substrate during the pile building and 1st fermentation stages was Ureibacillus, while Limnochordaceae, S0134_terrestrial_group, Thermobacillu, and Ruminiclostridium stood out in the 2nd fermentation stage. At species level, Ureibacillus thermophilus and Ureibacillus terrenus were dominant in the pile building and 1st fermentation stages. In the 2nd fermentation stage, the species in the genus of Limnochordaceae were the greatest in relative abundance. It appeared that the microbial abundance and diversity increased gradually before the onset of 2nd fermentation. The community structure of the substrate varied significantly between the 1st and the 2nd fermentation, but the deviation diminished significantly after the 2nd fermentation leaving mostly the dominant species that basically functioned to degrade the waste mushroom material enriching the fertilization effect. Conclusion The full-length sequencing technology clearly identified the dominant species unveiling many previously unclassified microorganisms. The results helped to better optimize the substrate fermentation process for an improved cultivation of A. bisporus.
, Available online
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Objective The effects of coffee peel and litter on the growth and photosynthesis of coffee seedlings were investigated to determine a suitable ecological cycle cultivation a suitable of coffee. Method One-year-old seedlings of seedlings were used as experimental materials. A randomized block design was used to study the effects of coffee peel and litter on their leaf photosynthesis and water use efficiency. Conventional mulching group was set up: C (control), L (litter mulching cultivation), P (peel mulching cultivation) and LP (litter and peel mulching cultivation). Result Coffee litter mulching significantly increased the specific leaf area of coffee by 45.46%, while coffee peel mulching significantly decreased the plant height by 12.11%. Coffee peel mulching significantly increased net photosynthesis, leaf respiration, total photosynthesis, net water use efficiency and total water use efficiency by 78.33%, 109.34%, 91.72%, 80.54% and 104.95%, but did not affect stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and carbon use efficiency. The comprehensive evaluation of coffee photosynthesis under coffee waste mulching treatment was P＞LP＞L＞C. Conclusion Coffee peel mulching was better than other mulching treatments in promoting the growth and photosynthetic capacity of coffee seedlings. The suitable coffee ecological cycle cultivation with the peel amount of 239.05 g m-2 could to realize cost saving and efficiency increase in coffee planting process.
, Available online
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Objective Fertility and enzymatic activity of the saline-alkali soil in relation to land use were analyzed for ecological improvements and restoration. Method At Songnen Plain in western Jilin province, the effects on organic carbon, total nitrogen, invertase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, and catalase of the saline-alkali soils under different types of land use as paddy farming field (N1), dry farming field (N2), wetland (S), and grassland (C) were compared. Result The organic carbon contents in the soils ranged 9.70–16.27 g·kg−1 under N1, 3.85–11.58 g·kg−1 under N2, 2.14–2.97 g·kg−1 under S, and 5.25–11.24 g·kg−1 under C; and the total nitrogen, 1.83–2.32 g·kg−1 under N1, 0.45–0.76 g·kg−1 under N2, 0.34–1.28 g·kg−1 under S, and 0.88–2.04 g·kg−1 under C. The activities of various enzymes were urease＞alkaline phosphatase＞catalase＞sucrase and decreased along the depth of the soil layers. The invertase significantly correlated with C/N at P＜0.05, the urease with C/N at P＜0.01, the alkaline phosphatase with the organic C at P＜0.01 and with the total nitrogen at P＜0.05, while the catalase with total nitrogen at P＜0.01 and with C/N at P＜0.05. The redundant analysis indicated that the activities of invertase and urease were mainly regulated by the pH and bulk density, while those of alkaline phosphatase and catalase largely affected by the moisture content and electric conductivity of the soil. Conclusion Land use exerted significant effects on the organic carbon, total nitrogen, and enzyme activity in the saline-alkali soils which gradually decreased from the surface to the deeper layers. Farming on the land fostered the nutrient accumulation and increased the enzymatic activities in soil. Thus, either paddy or dry field was more ecologically friendly than wetland or grassland for the regions of saline-alkali soil.
, Available online
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Objective Role of aminopeptidase gene pAPN and sialic acid neuraminidase gene NEU3 in the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) infection on pigs was investigated. Methods Being the main receptor of TGEV, pAPN was removed from pAPN and NEU3 in ST cells to verify its supposed key function on the disease. The CRISPR gene editing technique was applied to clip the target gene in ST cells prior to an artificial TGEV infection test. The resulting changes on the infection, virus copy number, cytopathic improvement, and fibronectin were monitored. Results Compared with control, the ST cells free of pAPN and NEU3 significantly attenuated TGEV infection-induced cytopathies and the virus copy number. In addition, at a same TGEV titer the mRNA immune responders induced by the knockdown ST cells were significantly lower than the wild-type counterparts. Conclusion It was confirmed that the removal of pAPN and NEU3 inhibited the TGEV infection in pigs with reduced viral induced cytopathies. Thus, an antiviral therapy and a guideline for breeding resistant pigs could be developed by targeting these two key genes in the ST cells.
, Available online
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Objective The stress of wheat waterlogging is the main abiotic stress factor in wheat production in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. To study the effects of different duration of waterlogging on physiological characteristics and yield of wheat at booting stage provides a theoretical basis for the research on the mechanism of wheat waterlogging resistance at booting stage and production. Method The effects of waterlogging duration on wheat growth and yield at booting stage were studied by pot pot water control method with wheat varieties Yangmai 16 and Zhongmai 895 as experimental materials. Result (1) Under the stress of waterlogging, the chlorophyll content of wheat leaves decreased significantly. The longer the waterlogging lasted, the greater the decline of SPAD value was. The SPAD value of the more heavily injured leaves decreased more, and the more severely injured the inverted two leaves than the flag leaves. (2) The activity of antioxidant enzymes such as CAT, SOD and POD in wheat showed a trend of type "∧" during the waterlogging period, while the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreased or increased slowly in the early stage of waterlogging, while increased sharply in the late stage. (3) In the booting period, the effective number of ears, grain number of ears, 1000-grain weight and other yield factors increased slightly, which may be caused by the stress response of wheat. (4) The stress of waterlogging at the stage of heading had no significant effect on the height of wheat plant. Long-term waterlogging resulted in a significant decrease in wheat yield. The decrease of effective panicle number, grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight was the main factor causing wheat yield reduction. After 15 d of waterlogging stress, the yield per plant of zhongmai 895 and yangmai 16 decreased by 51.47% and 43.99%, respectively, compared with CK. Conclusion Booting stage waterlogging stress significantly reduced the wheat leaf chlorophyll content, destroyed the plant active oxygen metabolism in the body and the balance between antioxidant enzyme system, excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species causes cells to peroxide lipid membrane, causing cell structure and function is impaired, affect plant photosynthesis and nutrient transfer and accumulation, increase the biomass of wheat is reduced, resulting in lack of grain-filling, caused empty grain, grain and invalid number of flat significantly increased, resulting in wheat production. In addition, during the whole process of waterlogging stress, the resistance of the two wheat varieties tested was as follows: yangmai 16＞zhongmai 895.
, Available online
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Objective To investigate the changes of starch content, reducing sugar content and soluble total sugar content in tubers, the changes of endogenous hormone content in tubers, the morphological indexes, physiological indexes and the analysis of variance of endogenous hormones during the process of tuber expansion. And the correlation between these indicators and endogenous hormones, lay the foundation for further study of the physiological mechanism of yam growth and development and guiding the high yield and quality cultivation of yam. Method Six kinds of endogenous hormones such as ABA, GA3, IAA, JA, ZR and IPA were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with different tuber lengths of Bikeqi yam. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the content of salicylic acid (SA), and to analyze the dynamic changes of source hormone content in different growth stages, and the correlation between morphological indicators of yam and endogenous hormones. The relationship between differentially expressed genes associated with endogenous hormones and endogenous hormones was explored for the effects of these factors on the expansion of yam tubers. Result The contents of IAA, ZR, ABA, JA and SA were positively correlated with the morphological indexes of yam tuber; the contents of GA3 and IPA were negatively correlated with the morphological indexes; the contents of IAA were positively correlated with the perimeter and diameter of yam tuber; the contents of GA3 were negatively correlated with the length of tuber; the genes correlated with IAA were negatively correlated with the contents of IAA Conclusion Endogenous hormones IAA, ZR, ABA, JA and SA promote the expansion of yam tuber; endogenous hormones GA3 and IPA inhibit the growth of yam tuber; endogenous hormones IAA promote the thickening of yam; endogenous hormones GA3 inhibit the elongation of yam; the down-regulation of IAA related genes can promote the synthesis of IAA, that is, regulate the content of IAA.
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2024, 39(6): 623-632.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.06.001
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Objective Chronic ammonia nitrogen stress on juvenile crucians were studied with observations on liver and kidney histology and non-specific immunity of the fish for an improved aquaculture water quality control. Method Juvenile Carassius auratus with a body mass of (3.10±0.15) g were raised in an environmentally controlled pond. By an acute toxicity test on the fish, the semi-lethal (LC50) and safe concentrations (SC) of ammonia nitrogen over 96 h were determined. Accordingly, a control at 0 mg·L−1 and three treatments groups (i.e., low concentration L at 6 mg·L−1, medium concentration M at 15 mg·L−1, and high concentration H at 24 mg·L−1) of ammonia nitrogen in water were applied to the pond with the juvenile fish for 60 d. Histopathological changes induced by the treatments in the liver and kidney as well as the alternations occurred to the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) of the fish were monitored continuously on the 15th, 30th, 45th, and 60th days. Result The acute ammonia nitrogen toxicity test on the fish showed the LC50 of 289.29 mg·L−1 and SC of 28.9 mg·L−1. The microscopic examination revealed the increasing ammonia nitrogen concentration and stress duration caused symptoms in the fish included blurred and disorganized hepatocytes with some vacuolated and cell nuclei dissolved in hepatic tissue, tumefacient renal tubular epithelial cells, narrowed renal tubular lumen, and atrophied glomerulus in nephridial tissue. The ALT and AST activities in the liver and the kidney rose with increasing ammonia nitrogen in water. The ALT in the livers of fish in L and M groups did not significantly differ from control on the 15th day (P＞0.05). On the other hand, the ALT and AST in livers and kidneys of all 3 treatment groups were significantly different from control at all testing times (P＜0.05). The specific activity of CAT and SOD in liver of the fish increased initially and decreased after a period of time of the treatments; that of CAT in treatment groups significantly differed from control on the 45th day; that of SOD significantly differed on the 15th day, and that of CAT in renal tissue significantly higher than that in control group on the same day; while that of SOD in all treatment groups significantly higher than that in control at all time periods. Conclusion The stress of prolonged high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen in aquacultural water caused severe damage to the liver and kidney tissues in juvenile crucians. The histopathological injuries could result in malfunctioned metabolism, compromised detoxification capacity, and reduced non-specific immunity of the fish. Consequently, for a healthy and productive aquaculture, it was deemed imperative the ammonia nitrogen content in the water be continuously monitored and strictly controlled.
2024, 39(6): 633-642.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.06.002
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Objective To study the effects of modified Yupingfeng decoction on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune function and anti-coccidial effect of Dehua black chickens infected with Eimeria tenella. Methods The treated 120 45-day-old Dehua black chickens were randomly divided into 6 groups, namely, blank control group (K group), infected control group (G group), low-dose group of Radix dichroa and Artemisia annua (CQL group), low-dose group of modified Yupingfeng decoction (YL group), high-dose group of Radix dichroa and Artemisia annua (CQH group), and high-dose group of modified Yupingfeng decoction (YH group). Except for the K group, all other groups were infected with Eimeria tenella. Treatment with the respective decoctions began 24 hours after infection and continued for 7 days. On the 8th day, various indices including anti-coccidial index, immune function, and antioxidant capacity were measured. Results Compared with the infection control group (G group), the symptoms of bloody stool and cecal lesions were alleviated in the CQH, YH, CQL, and YL groups in order. Except for the CQH group, the cecal lesion scores and submucosal lymphocyte density in the cecum were significantly or extremely significantly reduced (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01); oocyst per gram (OPG) was deduced extremely in the other three traditional Chinese medicine groups (P＜0.01), while OPG in CQH group was reduced significantly (P＜0.05); the cecuml epithelial cell shedding score was decreased extremely in YL group and YH group(P＜0.01). Compared with the CQL and CQH groups, the YL and YH groups showed extremely significant reductions in MDA, cecal lesion scores, epithelial cell shedding scores, and OPG levels (P＜0.01). Compared with G group, the contents of IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the four Chinese medicine groups were significantly decreased (P＜0.01). In contrast, IL-2 content, SIgA level, and the activity of glutathione peroxides (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were significantly increased (P＜0.01). IL-2 content, SIgA level, and the activity of GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT were significantly increased in the YL group (P＜0.01), and GSH-Px and SOD activities were significantly increased in the YH group (P＜0.01). Compared with K group, the relative weight gain rate of the G group, CQL group, YL group, CQH group, and YH group were 79.88%, 103.49%, 107.27%, 95.05%, and 96.06%, and the ACI were 96, 165.5, 177, 133.5, and 162.5, respectively. Conclusion The modified Yupingfeng decoction has better immunomodulation effect of improving anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immune function on Dehua black chickens infected with Eimeria tenella, and correspondingly has better anti-coccidia effect, while the Yupingfeng modified low-dose group (YL) has the best anticoccidia effect.
2024, 39(6): 643-651.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.06.003
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Objective Members of the Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) family in Brassica napus L. were identified, and genes related to salt stress screened. Methods The genome of B. napus cv. Zhongshuang 11 was used to obtain the candidate genes, and NHXs sequences by homologous alignment. Physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationship, and expressions under salt stress of the genes were analyzed. Results Twenty-one BnNHXs were identified with 71 to 1265 amino acids, an isoelectric (pI) ranging from 5.54 to 7.68, and 0 to 24 introns. Among the BnNHXs, BnNHX1 was in the plasma membrane, BnNHX5 and BnNHX12 in the cell and vacuole membranes, and the remainders in the vacuole only. Phylogenetically, NHXs could be divided into 3 subfamilies scattered on 11 chromosomes containing a variety of abiotic stress response elements. The qRT-PCR expressions on most BnNHXs were upregulated under salt stress, with overall higher expression in the leaves than in the roots. Notably, BnNHX2, BnNHX6, BnNHX8, BnNHX11, and BnNHX19 had relatively more pronounced changes in the expression. Conclusion Five NHXs, namely, BnNHX2, BnNHX6, BnNHX8, BnNHX11, and BnNHX19, could be the candidate genes for breeding salt-tolerant new varieties as well as for studying molecular mechanisms of rapeseed.
2024, 39(6): 652-661.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.06.004
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Objective Genetic variations in the southern high-protein soybeans were revealed by re-sequencing the whole genome. Method High-throughput sequencing was conducted on the whole genome of the southern high-protein soybean Fudou 234 to detect genetic variations. Result In the 64757037 clean reads, the sequencing depth was 17× with genome coverage of 98.08% (1×) and 96.25% (5×). There were 1478393 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 356739 small insertion-deletions (Small InDels) identified. Among them, 14323 non-synonymous SNP mutations and 4186 Small InDel mutated genes were found in the coding sequence (CDS). Analysis by COG (Clusters of orthologous groups of proteins) revealed that signal transduction mechanisms, transcription, carbohydrate translocation and metabolism and KEGG(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) analyses revealed that the pathways of carbon metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, phytohormone signalling, and endoplasmic reticulum protein processing were associated with genetic variation in Fudou 234. In addition, by studying the candidate genes in two major segments of soybean kernel protein quantitative trait locus (QTL), 10 SNP and 7 Small InDel type variations were discovered in 65 genes. Conclusion The genetic variations in the southern high-protein soybeans deviated from the regular varieties were unveiled to provide new venue for breeding and developing molecular markers in studying soybeans.
2024, 39(6): 662-670.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.06.005
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Objective Physiobiochemical changes and differentially expressed genes in Polygonatumcyrtonema Hua seeds after a post-ripening treatment were studied. Method Contents of superoxide dismutase, α-amylase, β-amylase, soluble protein, crude fat, and soluble sugar at 6 seed development stages were monitored. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed with high-throughput sequencing followed by a qRT-PCR verification. Result (1) The post-ripening treatment raised the soluble sugar content in the seeds gradually in the initial 4 stages and slightly declined in the last two stages, while induced a declining trend on the crude fat and protein. Meanwhile, the activities of α-amylase and β-amylase increased. (2) Significantly enriched differentially expressed genes were observed in the sucrose and starch metabolic pathways as well as the hormone signal transduction pathway during the process. Conclusion The post-ripening treatment on the P. cyrtonema seeds brought about the conversion and metabolism of starch and other nutrients as well as endogenous hormones interactions promoting the physiological changes and dormancy release.
2024, 39(6): 671-679.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.06.006
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Objective Indicators for distinguishing differentiate physiological traits of naturally occurring variants of Iris hollandica were determined. Methods According to the DUS testing guidelines on bulbous irises, botanical and agronomic traits of 4 wild-type variants of Chunzhimeng , namely MHS5-3, XCQ5-1, MZB7-2, and CZL7-3, were examined. Major ornamental characteristics of the plants were analyzed for the indicator selection. Results The morphological, flowering, and growth characteristics of these variants were not significantly deviate from those of the wild-type plants. On the other hand, among the 40 investigated traits, 7 pseudo-qualitative characteristics, including colors of bud, flag pedal, filigree, style, feathercrown, and upper and lower pendant petals , groud color of upper side of blade in outer tepal, color of Inner tepal, filament color, color of upper side in bridge, color of upper side in crest, and groud color of upper side of claw in outer tepal, significantly differed between the wild-type the variants. These traits showed a potential of being used as criteria for differentiating between the two, while the remaining 33 traits were phenotypically similar. Conclusion Being an apparent property of an ornamental flowering plant, red and blue, in particular, appeared superior to purple and white I. hollandica flower color for separating variants from the wild-type counterparts.
2024, 39(6): 680-688.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.06.007
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Objective PropagatingStropharia rugosoannulata in liquid culture medium was studied. Methods S. rugosoannulata No. 8 was cultivated in experimental media to determine the mycelial biomass increase in a single factor and orthogonal test L9(34) for formulation and culture conditions optimization. Mycelial biomass, reducing sugars, and amino nitrogen content as well as the extracellular enzyme activities of carboxymethyl cellulase, amylase, acid protease, and laccase of the culture were monitored to determine cultivation end point. Average full-bag filling time was used as indicator for the inoculation amount, substrate particle size, and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio in a maximized reproduction and yield. Results The optimized liquid culture medium was formulated with 20 g·L−1 glucose, 30 g·L−1 wheat flour, 0.75 g·L−1 yeast powder, 1.00 g·L−1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.50 g·L−1 magnesium sulfate at an initial pH of 5. On the 8th day of culture, the mycelial biomass reached a maximum at 1.66 g·h mL−1. As the mycelia grew, the reducing sugar in the medium decreased from 12.23 mg·mL−1 to 1.38 mg·mL−1 and the amino nitrogen from 0.09 mg·L−1 to 0.06 mg·L−1 during the culture process. The activities of carboxymethyl cellulase and amylase were the highest on the 4th day with the activities of 6.49 U and 5.16 U, respectively. The activity of acid protease peaked at 1.80 U on the 2nd day; and that of laccase, at 1.63 U on the 6th day. The inoculum production was best carried out with an inoculation of 15 mL, a coarse-to-fine ratio of 7∶3 on the substrate particle size, and a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of 50∶1. Conclusion Since the viability of the mushroom propagation correlated with some of the physiological and biochemical indicators of the liquid medium, 7 d was determined to be the peak for the cultivation. For filling a hyphal bag, 23.7d of culture was required, which was 2.7d shorter than what needed without the optimization. The results provided the basis for the development of a scale-up industrial operation.
2024, 39(6): 689-699.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.06.008
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Objective Role of VfNHX1 of faba bean in response to salt stress was studied. Methods A Na+/H+ reverse transporter protein-encoding gene, VfNHX1, was cloned from Vicia faba L. by 3' and 5' RACE for a bioinformatics analysis, subcellular localization determination, expression under salt stress, and a preliminary verification on the function. Results (1) VfNHX1 sequence was 2255 bp with a CDS coding region of 1629 bp encoding 542 amino acids. (2) As a stable transmembrane protein, VfNHX1 had 10 transmembrane regions without signal peptide and contained a typical Na-H exchanger conserved functional domain of NHX family. It was in the vacuolar membrane. (3) In the leaves, the expression of VfNHX1 under NaCl stress determined by qRT-PCR showed a trend of decreasing, then increasing, followed by decreasing with a peak reached in 12 h. In the roots, the expression declined initially and then rose significantly at 48 h (P＜0.01). (4) The presence of VfNHX1 in a yeast growth experiment indeed heightened the NaCl tolerance of the salt-sensitive yeast mutant AXT4K. Conclusion VfNHX1 in V. faba L. was able to respond to salt stress and could be a functional gene to boost the salt resistance of the plant.
2024, 39(6): 700-710.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.06.009
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Objective NACs in petunia responsible for the growth, floral senescence, and stress response were identified and analyzed. Method Based on the Petunia axillaris genome, transcriptomes on the flower in senescence as well as some other organs under the stress of inoculated tobacco rattle virus (TRV), low phosphorus, low temperature, NaCl, copper ion, or drought were obtained. Expression under stress, cis-acting elements, and transcription factor binding sites in promoters of differentially expressed PaNACs were analyzed. The expression in flower senescence was determined using qRT-PCR, and putative target genes of proteins encoded by them predicted. Result Of the 131 PaNACs, 59 (i.e., 45.04% of all) were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during flower senescence and in response to stresses. PaNAC72, PaNAC22, PaNAC29, PaNAC40, PaNAC2, PaNAC90, PaNAC83, PaNAC56, PaNAC36, and PaNAC35 exhibited significant differential expressions in response to at least 3 stress treatments. Among them, PaNAC29, an orthologue of the Arabidopsis key senescence-related gene AtNAP, was highly upregulated during flower senescence and in response to low temperature, low phosphorus, or copper ion treatment. PaNAC72 was significantly affected by all except copper ion treatment. PaNAC22 was upregulated during flower senescence and in responses to low temperature and low phosphorus treatments but downregulated in the presence of copper ion or under drought condition. Multiple stress responsive elements presented in the promoters of the 10 PaNACs, and many senescence and stress responsive DEGs containing NAC binding sites in their promoters. Conclusion NAC (NAM, ATAF and CUC) involved widely in the growth, development, and stress responses of plants. PaNACs in petunia, such as PaNAC29 appeared to be a key positive regulator of floral senescence, and PaNAC72 responsive to a wide variety of stresses.
2024, 39(6): 711-719.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.06.010
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Objective Liupao Tea (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis cv. Liupao) was studied for the genes associated with anthocyanin synthesis for target breeding. Methods Anthocyanin were extracted with ethanol hydrochloride from Liupao Tea plants bearing purple or green buds. Transcriptome sequencing was performed using Illumina Hiseq 2500 high-throughput platform to identify differentially expressed genes, determine expression of the genes related to anthocyanin synthesis, and conduct GO and KEGG enrichment analyses on the extracts. The sequencing results were subsequently verified by fluorescence quantification PCR. Results The young leaves on the tea plants borne with purple buds contained sevenfold higher anthocyanin than those on the plants with green buds. The transcriptome of the genes of the purple buds had 165570 unigenes with an average length of 1450 bp. Of them, 243 related to the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, and 43 significantly differentially expressed between the two types of plants. The 43 differentiated genes encoded 14 key enzymes, i.e., phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), cinnamate acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H), anthocyanidin reductase (ANR), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), flavonol synthase (FLS), flavonoid-3′,5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H), flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H), flavanone-3-hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), and leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR). Conclusion Thirty-four genes significantly upregulated in Liupao Tea plants with purple buds were found to be associated with 14 key enzymes encoding anthocyanin biosynthesis. They were speculated to play an important role in the bud color differentiation between the two varieties.
2024, 39(6): 720-729.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.06.011
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Objective Effects of pine wood nematode (PWN) invasion on Pinus massoniana were quantified based on multiomics. Method Among 4-year-old Masson pine plants, a treatment, PWN(+), by inoculating 5 000 Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and a control, PWN(−), with the injection of sterile distilled water into the tree trunks were subjected to a 14 d post-inoculation followed by a quantified study including phenomics, transcriptome, microbiome, and metabolome. Result The pine trees in the PWN(+) group significantly increased over control on the contents of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 3.2-fold and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by 1.7-fold (P＜0.05), on the expressions of c60547.graph_c0 and c82953.graph_c0 in the unigenes encoding stress responsive pathways (P＜0.05), as well as on the expressions of c64867.graph_c0 and c68789.graph_c0 in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathways; and significantly lower on the c81022.graph_c0 in syncytium formation (P＜0.05) and the microbial diversity (P＜0.05). Hypocreales was the dominant order of microorganisms in the PWN(+) group. The functional annotations and abundance information from the KEGG database were mainly related to the replication and repair pathways, DNA replication pathway (PATH:ko03030), and DNA replication protein pathway (BR:ko03032). There were 365 upregulated and 351 downregulated differentially regulated metabolites in the metabolome. Metabolites like phloretin, ursodiol, and carbenpenicillin were notably enriched in the ABC transporters pathway, arachidonic acid metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and glycerophospholipid metabolism in the PWN-infected pine wood to resist the invasion. Conclusion After PWN was inoculated in Masson pine, the host responded with a series of complex defensive reactions initiated by various mechanisms. Through multiomics, some such interactions between the species were unveiled providing clues for combating forestry declination by the infestation.
2024, 39(6): 730-737.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.06.012
Abstract:
Objective Being crucial to the development of rhizobium inoculants and the understanding on the associated mechanisms of soil nitrogen fixation, community structure of the endophytic microorganisms in root nodules of Astragalus sinicus L. was investigated. Method Endophytic microbial community in the root nodules of 7 cultivars of A. sinicus planted in Fujian was analyzed with the Illumina Miseq PE300 sequencing platform using 16S rRNA as the target gene. Result The microbial composition of endophytic community in the nodules of the different cultivars varied. For instance, the predominant genus in ZZ5 root nodules was Pseudomonas, but it was Mesorhizobium in other cultivars. Furthermore, high Shannon indices were found in the root nodules of MZ8, XY, and ZZ5 with diverse non-rhizobial endophytes like Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Duganella, Erwinia, etc. In contrast, high relative abundances of pathogens, such as Erwinia rhapontici and Pantoea ananatis PA13 existed in the root nodules of MZ8, XY, and ZZ5. Conclusions Significant microbial variations in the endophytic communities were evident among the different varieties of A. sinicus planted in Fujian. The predominant genus in the root nodules of ZZ5 was non-rhizobial, growth-promoting Pesudomonas, while it was rhizobia for the other cultivars.
2024, 39(6): 738-751.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.06.013
Abstract:
Objective Explore the spatial distribution and influencing factors of soil organic carbon (SOC) in cultivated land in Fujian Province. Method Based on the data generated from over 30,000 survey sites on farmland in Fujian, Pearson correlation coefficient and random forest model were employed to derive key factors affecting the SOC. The geodetector model was used to analyze the spatial SOC distribution in the province. Result The data on SOC of the province in 2008 ranged between 0.12 and 67.28 g·kg−1 with a spatial pattern of being low in the southeast coastal areas and high in the west and central regions. The geodetector model was shown to render the most comprehensive and objective analysis among the three models tested. It concluded the climate-related conditions to be the major factors affecting the spatial differentiation of SOC on the farmland with top 6 rankings of: annual precipitation (0.168 5)＞annual average temperature (0.167 7)＞altitude (0.144 9)＞climate type (0.135 9)＞soil type (0.082 4)＞landform type (0.073 1). The interactive detectors further revealed the interaction between the annual precipitation and annual average temperature to exert the greatest influence on the SOC spatial differentiation (0.194 1), while the annual precipitation and soil type (0.192 3) and the annual precipitation and cultivated land use type (0.1918) followed. Conclusion Multiple factors affected the SOC on the farmland in Fujian in the past. For improving the spatial utilization efficiency and bettering the agriculture production layout on the land, it seemed imperative that all various factors highlighted in this study be taken into serious considerations.
Journal DynamicsMORE+
- Editors of FJAS participated in the 2019 Annual Conference of Chinese Academy of Science and Technology Journals
- FJAS was selected as the latest CSCD source journal
- FJAS was selected as the " Core Journals of China " (2017, the 8th edition) (Mar 25, 2019)
- FJAS joined the Open Science Identity(OSID) Project
- The editors of FJAS participated in the Training on Academic Quality Improvement for Science and Technology Journals
- The director of the editorial department of the journal participated in the meeting of the executive council of the Fujian Journal Association
- FJAS was included in Japan Science and Technology Agency Database (JST)
Industry InformationMORE+
- Attention! Four ministries and commissions jointly published policy to promote the reform and development of Sci-tech periodicals
- There is "law" for academic misconduct in journals (2019-07-23)
- General Office of State Council and Central Committee printed "Opinions on Further Promoting the Spirit of Scientists and Strengthening the Construction of Academic Atmosphere"
- China's sci-tech periodicals should exercise "internal strength" to highlight the encirclement
- The Central Committee reviewed and approved the ‘Opinions on Deepening Reform and Cultivating World-Class Scientific and Technological Journals ’
- General Office of State Council and Central Committee printed and published "Several Opinions on Further Strengthening the Construction of Scientific Research Integrity
- Five ministries and commissions jointly issued 'Opinions on Accurately Grasping the Role of Scientific and Technological Journals in Academic Evaluation'
Co OrganizerMORE+
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Fujian Agricultural Research Center of Taiwan
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