1994 Vol. 9, No. 1
Display Method:
1994, 9(1): 1-3.
Abstract:
A modified F-BSG technique was applied to chromosome banding investigation on four fine chewing cane varieties i.e.Tong-an, Ma-an,Pu-cheng and Chong-an chewing cane varieties in Fujian province.Theirchromosome numbers in root tips are 2n=80, belong to Saccharum officinarum L..The chromosome basic handing types are 5 C/CT+75 C/C except that Ma-an chewing cane is 6 C/CT+74 C/C.
A modified F-BSG technique was applied to chromosome banding investigation on four fine chewing cane varieties i.e.Tong-an, Ma-an,Pu-cheng and Chong-an chewing cane varieties in Fujian province.Theirchromosome numbers in root tips are 2n=80, belong to Saccharum officinarum L..The chromosome basic handing types are 5 C/CT+75 C/C except that Ma-an chewing cane is 6 C/CT+74 C/C.
1994, 9(1): 4-7.
Abstract:
Sixteen hybrid combinations from four paternal lines A, B, C, D and four maternal lines E, F,G, H were tested for their combining ability.A significant difference of general combining ability of egg num her and egg weight at 300-day age was found between paternal and maternal lines by using Liu Laifu’s incom plete diallel crossing method.The experimental results showed that line B and line F exhibited the highed general combining ability and hybrid combinations BE, CF, BH exhibited highest specific combining abili ty.Estimated genotypic variance of general and specific combining abilities were 49.94% and 50.06% respectively.Estimated narrow and broad heritabilities Of egg number at 300-day age were 0.2458 and 0.4923.There were significant correlations between total averaged egg weight at first laying and 300-day ages with egg number at 300-dy age.The correlative coefficients were-0.9091 and 0.8557 respectively.
Sixteen hybrid combinations from four paternal lines A, B, C, D and four maternal lines E, F,G, H were tested for their combining ability.A significant difference of general combining ability of egg num her and egg weight at 300-day age was found between paternal and maternal lines by using Liu Laifu’s incom plete diallel crossing method.The experimental results showed that line B and line F exhibited the highed general combining ability and hybrid combinations BE, CF, BH exhibited highest specific combining abili ty.Estimated genotypic variance of general and specific combining abilities were 49.94% and 50.06% respectively.Estimated narrow and broad heritabilities Of egg number at 300-day age were 0.2458 and 0.4923.There were significant correlations between total averaged egg weight at first laying and 300-day ages with egg number at 300-dy age.The correlative coefficients were-0.9091 and 0.8557 respectively.
1994, 9(1): 8-13.
Abstract:
This paper focused chiefly to the investigation on "8th 5-year plan" and "10-year Developping Program " for fruit, tea, mulberry and bamboo production in wad Fujinn area.Depending upon the definition of margin and systematic diagnosis, three developping schemes, i.e.accelerative developping type, stable developping type and traditional developping type were designed by using a dynamic simulation model.this study recommended the 2nd schemo as the optical one.Based on this selected scheme, the target pattern was showed.
This paper focused chiefly to the investigation on "8th 5-year plan" and "10-year Developping Program " for fruit, tea, mulberry and bamboo production in wad Fujinn area.Depending upon the definition of margin and systematic diagnosis, three developping schemes, i.e.accelerative developping type, stable developping type and traditional developping type were designed by using a dynamic simulation model.this study recommended the 2nd schemo as the optical one.Based on this selected scheme, the target pattern was showed.
1994, 9(1): 14-17.
Abstract:
This article first reported the existence of D-galactose in loquat seeds and the establishment of a brief determining method for five kinds of carbohydrate in loquat constitute, i.e.D-Fructose, D-Galactose, D-Glucose, D-Sorbitol and Sucrose.The quantitative analysis was carried out through a large-bore capillary column.This methed more than 0.999 the linear correlation coefficient for each analysed componence, less than 3% the coefficient of variation and the average recovery of D-Sorbitol reaches 98%.
This article first reported the existence of D-galactose in loquat seeds and the establishment of a brief determining method for five kinds of carbohydrate in loquat constitute, i.e.D-Fructose, D-Galactose, D-Glucose, D-Sorbitol and Sucrose.The quantitative analysis was carried out through a large-bore capillary column.This methed more than 0.999 the linear correlation coefficient for each analysed componence, less than 3% the coefficient of variation and the average recovery of D-Sorbitol reaches 98%.
1994, 9(1): 18-22.
Abstract:
Sweetpotato variety, Xiangshu 75-55 is a hybrid progeny from "Xindazhi" and Hebei 69-419 combination.It was bred by The Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 1974, and introduced by Plant Protection Institute, FAAS in 1978.This variety gradually became a new cultivar after the identification, demonstration and continuous purification and rejuvenation for more than ten years.It characters high resistance to blast, stem rot, and scab diseases, high yield, good quality and long storage periord.After indoor, plot tests and large-area demonstration at different sites for several years, it showed that, Xiangshu 75-55 has stronger blast-resistant capacity than other blaSt-resistant varieties, "329" and "Huabei 48".In disease-epidemic area, its productivity was 25.07% 41.44 % and 2.3 times higher than 329, Huabei 48 and "Xinzhonghua" respectively.In disease-free area, the multi-site determination showed its productivity was 7.67 % ～7.59 % and 10.8 % ～21.3 % higher than 329 and Xinzhonghua.In 1992, the growing area of Xianghu 75-55 reached 0.65 million Mu more.The accumulated popularied-area in 1986-1992 was over 1.7 million Mu.Xiangshu 75-55 has been assigned as a new disease-resistant variety in Fujian province after the examination and approvement by "Fujian Comittee for Crop Seeds Evaluation".
Sweetpotato variety, Xiangshu 75-55 is a hybrid progeny from "Xindazhi" and Hebei 69-419 combination.It was bred by The Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 1974, and introduced by Plant Protection Institute, FAAS in 1978.This variety gradually became a new cultivar after the identification, demonstration and continuous purification and rejuvenation for more than ten years.It characters high resistance to blast, stem rot, and scab diseases, high yield, good quality and long storage periord.After indoor, plot tests and large-area demonstration at different sites for several years, it showed that, Xiangshu 75-55 has stronger blast-resistant capacity than other blaSt-resistant varieties, "329" and "Huabei 48".In disease-epidemic area, its productivity was 25.07% 41.44 % and 2.3 times higher than 329, Huabei 48 and "Xinzhonghua" respectively.In disease-free area, the multi-site determination showed its productivity was 7.67 % ～7.59 % and 10.8 % ～21.3 % higher than 329 and Xinzhonghua.In 1992, the growing area of Xianghu 75-55 reached 0.65 million Mu more.The accumulated popularied-area in 1986-1992 was over 1.7 million Mu.Xiangshu 75-55 has been assigned as a new disease-resistant variety in Fujian province after the examination and approvement by "Fujian Comittee for Crop Seeds Evaluation".
1994, 9(1): 23-27.
Abstract:
The Fusarium wilt-resistant capasity of sweetpotato (FWSP) was tested in 443 sweetpotato varietiesin south China with an artificial inoculating method.Results showed that, 2 varieties are highly resistant(HR); 30 varieties resistant (R); 49 varieties moderately resistant (MR); 96 varieties moderately sensitive(MS); 62 varieties sensitive (S) and 204 varieties highly sensitive (HS).The repeat test to MR or R or HRvarieties gave an identical result and indicated that the resistance of these varieties to FWSP issteady.Simultanneously, the identification by field infection has been undertaken.Most of the varieties showedlow morbidity than that of Pot inoculation, among which 12 varieties were highly resistant (HR).The relationship between resistance and yield of sweetpotato was preliminarily studied.The development of the root tubersof sweetpotato was greatly affected by FWSP.
The Fusarium wilt-resistant capasity of sweetpotato (FWSP) was tested in 443 sweetpotato varietiesin south China with an artificial inoculating method.Results showed that, 2 varieties are highly resistant(HR); 30 varieties resistant (R); 49 varieties moderately resistant (MR); 96 varieties moderately sensitive(MS); 62 varieties sensitive (S) and 204 varieties highly sensitive (HS).The repeat test to MR or R or HRvarieties gave an identical result and indicated that the resistance of these varieties to FWSP issteady.Simultanneously, the identification by field infection has been undertaken.Most of the varieties showedlow morbidity than that of Pot inoculation, among which 12 varieties were highly resistant (HR).The relationship between resistance and yield of sweetpotato was preliminarily studied.The development of the root tubersof sweetpotato was greatly affected by FWSP.
1994, 9(1): 28-30.
Abstract:
It was reported home and abroad that, the harm of rice blast can be controlled by mix-culture of various varieties.Mao Jianhui (1991) reported the rate of leaf blast decreased 74.23 % and the disease index decreased 85.30% while mix-cultulre method was carried out.The sogatells furcifera (Horvath) determination L8 (4 × 28) was used for the study on controlling rice blast by using mix-culture of different combinations ofhybtid rice Di-you 64 (R) with Wei-you 64 (S).The results showed that the panicle blast indexes decreased 46.32%～47.17 %.In the field demonstration, the leaf and penicle blast-controlling effects were 33.32 %and 37.66 % respectively, the yield increased 13.98%.
It was reported home and abroad that, the harm of rice blast can be controlled by mix-culture of various varieties.Mao Jianhui (1991) reported the rate of leaf blast decreased 74.23 % and the disease index decreased 85.30% while mix-cultulre method was carried out.The sogatells furcifera (Horvath) determination L8 (4 × 28) was used for the study on controlling rice blast by using mix-culture of different combinations ofhybtid rice Di-you 64 (R) with Wei-you 64 (S).The results showed that the panicle blast indexes decreased 46.32%～47.17 %.In the field demonstration, the leaf and penicle blast-controlling effects were 33.32 %and 37.66 % respectively, the yield increased 13.98%.
1994, 9(1): 31-35.
Abstract:
The rhizobial strains 49L, 50M and 51S, as well as 53 from the root nodules of four sesbania specieshave been isolated.They are fast-growing, which produce acid on yeast-mannitol agar and utilize most of carbohydrates as carbon Source.The optimum growth temperature is 25～30℃, grow well at pH 5.5～9.0 andtolerate to 0.5% NaCl.Strain 53 can also grow vigorously at 35℃ and PH 10, tolerate to 1.0% NaCl.Aslow-growing strain 54 from stem nodule of Sesbania rostrata has been isolated.On yeast-mannitol agar, it produces alkali substance.The pH range for its growth is 6～8, optimum is 7.0.It grows well at 25～30℃, tolerates to 1.0% NaCl and utilizes less carbohydrates.When inoculating or cross-inoculating, the host plantsformed nodules with high nitrogenase and hydrogenase activities.
The rhizobial strains 49L, 50M and 51S, as well as 53 from the root nodules of four sesbania specieshave been isolated.They are fast-growing, which produce acid on yeast-mannitol agar and utilize most of carbohydrates as carbon Source.The optimum growth temperature is 25～30℃, grow well at pH 5.5～9.0 andtolerate to 0.5% NaCl.Strain 53 can also grow vigorously at 35℃ and PH 10, tolerate to 1.0% NaCl.Aslow-growing strain 54 from stem nodule of Sesbania rostrata has been isolated.On yeast-mannitol agar, it produces alkali substance.The pH range for its growth is 6～8, optimum is 7.0.It grows well at 25～30℃, tolerates to 1.0% NaCl and utilizes less carbohydrates.When inoculating or cross-inoculating, the host plantsformed nodules with high nitrogenase and hydrogenase activities.
1994, 9(1): 36-41.
Abstract:
After infecting with nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AsNPV), granulosis virus (AsGV) or cytoplasmicpolyhedrosis virus (AsCPV) of Agrotis segetum, the respiratory rate (RR) within 120hr to 240hr in cutwormlarvae was lower than that of the control in spite of a similar trend was observed in both two cases.The freshwight of larvae infected with AsGV decreased gradually with the prolongation of its development and showed apositive relation to RR change.The changes of RR in larvae infected with either AsNPV or AsCPV were negative relation to the changes of their fresh weight.The peaks of the RR curve in larvae infected with the viruseswere coincided with the logarithmic phases of the virus replication.Significance of difference test in the infected and uninfected cases showed that the change of larvae fresh weight was more obvious than that of RR, andcould be used for judging the infection of larvae but could not be as the index of the infected situation.
After infecting with nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AsNPV), granulosis virus (AsGV) or cytoplasmicpolyhedrosis virus (AsCPV) of Agrotis segetum, the respiratory rate (RR) within 120hr to 240hr in cutwormlarvae was lower than that of the control in spite of a similar trend was observed in both two cases.The freshwight of larvae infected with AsGV decreased gradually with the prolongation of its development and showed apositive relation to RR change.The changes of RR in larvae infected with either AsNPV or AsCPV were negative relation to the changes of their fresh weight.The peaks of the RR curve in larvae infected with the viruseswere coincided with the logarithmic phases of the virus replication.Significance of difference test in the infected and uninfected cases showed that the change of larvae fresh weight was more obvious than that of RR, andcould be used for judging the infection of larvae but could not be as the index of the infected situation.
1994, 9(1): 42-46.
Abstract:
Dongfanghong-18 motor-driven sprayer has been re-designed for both insect-sampling and spraying usages.A serial of test with different sampling methods had been carried on to compare the sampling efficiency, the range of sampled insects, the accuracy for estimating the population density and spatial distribution of planthoppers.The results indicated that the efficiency of motor-sucking sampler was 91.58%, the highest one among five methods.
Dongfanghong-18 motor-driven sprayer has been re-designed for both insect-sampling and spraying usages.A serial of test with different sampling methods had been carried on to compare the sampling efficiency, the range of sampled insects, the accuracy for estimating the population density and spatial distribution of planthoppers.The results indicated that the efficiency of motor-sucking sampler was 91.58%, the highest one among five methods.
1994, 9(1): 47-50.
Abstract:
Gonadotrophin has been used as a general oxytocin for toad and other frogs.Few experiments have been done on the Rana spinosa David.Since 1987, some Gonadotrophins have been used to induce the ovulation of R.spinosa.Results showed that LRH-A3 was very efficient.25 experiments were done in 4 years.The ovulation rate was 44.5%~100%, fertilized rate was 70%~99.3%.12 thousand fertilized spawn-eggs and 8 thousand hatched tadpoles have been obtained since 1987.Among which, some of them have changed into middle frogs and were active in artificial ecosystem.
Gonadotrophin has been used as a general oxytocin for toad and other frogs.Few experiments have been done on the Rana spinosa David.Since 1987, some Gonadotrophins have been used to induce the ovulation of R.spinosa.Results showed that LRH-A3 was very efficient.25 experiments were done in 4 years.The ovulation rate was 44.5%~100%, fertilized rate was 70%~99.3%.12 thousand fertilized spawn-eggs and 8 thousand hatched tadpoles have been obtained since 1987.Among which, some of them have changed into middle frogs and were active in artificial ecosystem.
1994, 9(1): 51-56.
Abstract:
The application of Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for DNA amplification in vitro Possesses many advantages, such as the sensitivity, specificity, rapidness, and convenience, etc.PCR technique has been wide-spreadly applied to the fields of molecular biology, microbiology, medicine and genetics, and showed great value with broad prospects.In plant anthology, PCR technique has been applied to the diagnosis and detection for plant diseases, especially the plant virus and virus-like disease with the sensitivity of pg/fg.Moreover, it has also been applied to the identification of plant pathogenic fungi, bacteria and nematodes, as well as the cloning and sequencing of nucleic acids of plant viruses and viroids.Possible linitations and future Potentials of PCR in the application of plant Pathology were also discussed.
The application of Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for DNA amplification in vitro Possesses many advantages, such as the sensitivity, specificity, rapidness, and convenience, etc.PCR technique has been wide-spreadly applied to the fields of molecular biology, microbiology, medicine and genetics, and showed great value with broad prospects.In plant anthology, PCR technique has been applied to the diagnosis and detection for plant diseases, especially the plant virus and virus-like disease with the sensitivity of pg/fg.Moreover, it has also been applied to the identification of plant pathogenic fungi, bacteria and nematodes, as well as the cloning and sequencing of nucleic acids of plant viruses and viroids.Possible linitations and future Potentials of PCR in the application of plant Pathology were also discussed.
1994, 9(1): 57-59.
Abstract:
Citrus plants infected with tatter leaf virus (CTLV) were treated by shoot-tip grafting (STG), heat treatment, and a combination of STG with pre-heating treatment respectively.CTLV-free plants were successfully obtained from the combination of STG and pre-heating treatment at 40℃ 16h (day) /30℃ 8h (night) for more than 30 days.However, we failed to obtain CTLV-free plants by using a shoot-tip of 0.4mm or longer as grafting materials.The CTLV-eliminated rate was very low by using only the heat treatment, and CTLV can not be eliminated by STG without pre-heating treatment.
Citrus plants infected with tatter leaf virus (CTLV) were treated by shoot-tip grafting (STG), heat treatment, and a combination of STG with pre-heating treatment respectively.CTLV-free plants were successfully obtained from the combination of STG and pre-heating treatment at 40℃ 16h (day) /30℃ 8h (night) for more than 30 days.However, we failed to obtain CTLV-free plants by using a shoot-tip of 0.4mm or longer as grafting materials.The CTLV-eliminated rate was very low by using only the heat treatment, and CTLV can not be eliminated by STG without pre-heating treatment.
1994, 9(1): 60-64.
Abstract:
High male sterility rates ranged in 97.7%-99.5% were obtained by spraying the indica rice Yu B with 200 ppm R1 or 200 ppm R1 and 400 ppm E, and by spraying japonica rice Guandong 127, Xihai 172 with 100 ppm R1 and 200 ppm E in the late stage of spikelet differentiation and meiosis Phase.In the malesterilantes treated rice, the anther deformity, thickened tapetum, thin-walled cell lysis and blocked nutrition tract were found under scanning electron microscope; the microdiodange failed to form pollen, or formed few pollen and half of which were morphologically abortive.
High male sterility rates ranged in 97.7%-99.5% were obtained by spraying the indica rice Yu B with 200 ppm R1 or 200 ppm R1 and 400 ppm E, and by spraying japonica rice Guandong 127, Xihai 172 with 100 ppm R1 and 200 ppm E in the late stage of spikelet differentiation and meiosis Phase.In the malesterilantes treated rice, the anther deformity, thickened tapetum, thin-walled cell lysis and blocked nutrition tract were found under scanning electron microscope; the microdiodange failed to form pollen, or formed few pollen and half of which were morphologically abortive.
