2011 Vol. 26, No. 2
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2011, 26(2): 143-147.
Abstract:
Binary vector pCAMBIA1300GUSA-Hyg containing β-glucuronidase(GUS) without the promoter was introduced into Oryza sativa L.Minghui 86 by agrobacterium mediated transformation.The χ2 tests on the hygromycin resistant ratio revealed that 28 of the 39 rice promoter trap lines contained a loci T-DNA tagging.GUS histochemical assay at different stages in different organs,such as root,stem,leave,anther,hull,embryo and emdospern,of 2653 rice promoter trap lines was performed.The results showed that 83 rice promoter lines were GUS positive.Of all tested,24 lines were expressed in endosperm(i.e.,0.91%) and 19 lines expressed in anther(i.e.,0.72%).Information collected on the rice promoter trap lines could be useful in identifying new rice genes.
Binary vector pCAMBIA1300GUSA-Hyg containing β-glucuronidase(GUS) without the promoter was introduced into Oryza sativa L.Minghui 86 by agrobacterium mediated transformation.The χ2 tests on the hygromycin resistant ratio revealed that 28 of the 39 rice promoter trap lines contained a loci T-DNA tagging.GUS histochemical assay at different stages in different organs,such as root,stem,leave,anther,hull,embryo and emdospern,of 2653 rice promoter trap lines was performed.The results showed that 83 rice promoter lines were GUS positive.Of all tested,24 lines were expressed in endosperm(i.e.,0.91%) and 19 lines expressed in anther(i.e.,0.72%).Information collected on the rice promoter trap lines could be useful in identifying new rice genes.
2011, 26(2): 148-152.
Abstract:
Based on previous construction of electron genetic map for MingHui 86 DNA micro-satellite markers(SSR),24 high polymorphism markers were obtained in distribution on all 12 rice chromosomes.By the markers,polymorphism analysis for 139 rice germplasm was conducted and 142 alleles were obtained with the 24 loci distributed in range between 2 to 10 and average at 5.9.The identifying capacity of the markers is higher for hybrid combinations than for hybrid rice parents.Eighteen hybrid combinations were compared with their parents by marker-matching analysis.In accordance with the identification in high genetic reliability of maternal lines,two false hybrid were eliminated from the sample base.A molecular identity database was constructed based on the137 rice materials with?24 marker loci,which could be directly applied for parental identification and miscellaneous seeds.
Based on previous construction of electron genetic map for MingHui 86 DNA micro-satellite markers(SSR),24 high polymorphism markers were obtained in distribution on all 12 rice chromosomes.By the markers,polymorphism analysis for 139 rice germplasm was conducted and 142 alleles were obtained with the 24 loci distributed in range between 2 to 10 and average at 5.9.The identifying capacity of the markers is higher for hybrid combinations than for hybrid rice parents.Eighteen hybrid combinations were compared with their parents by marker-matching analysis.In accordance with the identification in high genetic reliability of maternal lines,two false hybrid were eliminated from the sample base.A molecular identity database was constructed based on the137 rice materials with?24 marker loci,which could be directly applied for parental identification and miscellaneous seeds.
2011, 26(2): 166-169.
Abstract:
This study was to develop ORF2 DNA vaccine against PCV2 and evaluate its immunity effect and safety.[Method] A pair of specific primers was synthesized to amplify the PCV2-ORF2 by PCR.PCV2-ORF2 was cloned into T vector and named T-ORF2.T-ORF2 and PcDNA3.1 were double digested under same conditions,connected by using T4 DNA ligase,and cloned.The positive recombinant plasmids(DNA vaccine) were confirmed by double digestion and named PcDNA3.1-ORF2.The DNA vaccine was transfected in Vero cells with lipofectamine 2000 for RT-PCR analysis.At the same time,100 μg of the vaccine was intramuscular injected into Balb/c mice at two-week intervals.On the 14th and 28th day after the first vaccination,serums were collected for ELISA test.On the 56th day,the genomes of parenchymal organ including heart,liver,spleen,lung and kidney of the vaccinated mice were extracted for PCR amplification to determine safety of the DNA vaccine.[Result] The results indicated that the DNA vaccine was successfully made,PCV2-ORF2 gene was expressed in Vero cells in vitro,and the vaccine did induce immune response in mice.The safety test showed that ORF2 genes could not be integrated into the mice chromosome.[Conclusion] The resultant DNA vaccine successfully induced immune response in mice and was confirmed to be safe.
This study was to develop ORF2 DNA vaccine against PCV2 and evaluate its immunity effect and safety.[Method] A pair of specific primers was synthesized to amplify the PCV2-ORF2 by PCR.PCV2-ORF2 was cloned into T vector and named T-ORF2.T-ORF2 and PcDNA3.1 were double digested under same conditions,connected by using T4 DNA ligase,and cloned.The positive recombinant plasmids(DNA vaccine) were confirmed by double digestion and named PcDNA3.1-ORF2.The DNA vaccine was transfected in Vero cells with lipofectamine 2000 for RT-PCR analysis.At the same time,100 μg of the vaccine was intramuscular injected into Balb/c mice at two-week intervals.On the 14th and 28th day after the first vaccination,serums were collected for ELISA test.On the 56th day,the genomes of parenchymal organ including heart,liver,spleen,lung and kidney of the vaccinated mice were extracted for PCR amplification to determine safety of the DNA vaccine.[Result] The results indicated that the DNA vaccine was successfully made,PCV2-ORF2 gene was expressed in Vero cells in vitro,and the vaccine did induce immune response in mice.The safety test showed that ORF2 genes could not be integrated into the mice chromosome.[Conclusion] The resultant DNA vaccine successfully induced immune response in mice and was confirmed to be safe.
2011, 26(2): 170-174.
Abstract:
Three virus strains were isolated from the diseased layers that experienced abrupt reduction in egg-laying in different regions.These isolated viruses could cause SPF chick-embryo and Muscovy duck-embryo to die with hemorrhage in embryo-livers.Healthy egg-producing layers inoculated with these isolates showed symptoms similar to that of the field cases,and the same viruses could be reisolated.These isolates could proliferate in MDEF causing cytopathic effect.They showed no haemagglutination activity,were sensitive to chloroform and ether,and resisted to FUDR.PCR and IFA screening indicated that the isolates were negative to avian fluvirus,Newcastle Disease Virus,egg-laying-reduction syndrome virus,infectious bronchitis virus,infectious laryngotracheitis virus,duck reovirus,duck parvovirus,infectious bursal disease virus and goose parvovirus;but positive to flavivirus.The nucleotide sequence from the isolates had greatly homogeneity with duck flavivirus isolates.These results indicated that the isolates were the viruses causing the layer′s reduction in egg-laying in recent years,and that they belonged to the genus,Flavirirus.
Three virus strains were isolated from the diseased layers that experienced abrupt reduction in egg-laying in different regions.These isolated viruses could cause SPF chick-embryo and Muscovy duck-embryo to die with hemorrhage in embryo-livers.Healthy egg-producing layers inoculated with these isolates showed symptoms similar to that of the field cases,and the same viruses could be reisolated.These isolates could proliferate in MDEF causing cytopathic effect.They showed no haemagglutination activity,were sensitive to chloroform and ether,and resisted to FUDR.PCR and IFA screening indicated that the isolates were negative to avian fluvirus,Newcastle Disease Virus,egg-laying-reduction syndrome virus,infectious bronchitis virus,infectious laryngotracheitis virus,duck reovirus,duck parvovirus,infectious bursal disease virus and goose parvovirus;but positive to flavivirus.The nucleotide sequence from the isolates had greatly homogeneity with duck flavivirus isolates.These results indicated that the isolates were the viruses causing the layer′s reduction in egg-laying in recent years,and that they belonged to the genus,Flavirirus.
2011, 26(2): 180-183.
Abstract:
Some major infectious diseases susceptible to the sFat-1 transgenic pigs were closely observed,as it might post an environmental safety threat.Nine infectious diseases were selected for the study on 21 negative(control) and 20 transgenic sFat-1 gene pigs.They included TB,PRRSV,FMDV,CSFV,PRV,SVD,Brucellosis,African swine fever and enterovirus encephalomyelitis.All tests were completed by using ELISA and PCR detection kits.The infection rate of SVD(Swine Vesicular Disease) was 5% in the control group and 20% in the test pigs,indicating a significant susceptibility.There was no significant difference observed for the other 8 infectious diseases.The death rate was 8% in the infected control adult pigs,but 37% among the infected adult pigs in the test group.The liver functions of some sFat-1 gene transgenic pigs were slightly damaged that might have caused their increased susceptibility to SVD.
Some major infectious diseases susceptible to the sFat-1 transgenic pigs were closely observed,as it might post an environmental safety threat.Nine infectious diseases were selected for the study on 21 negative(control) and 20 transgenic sFat-1 gene pigs.They included TB,PRRSV,FMDV,CSFV,PRV,SVD,Brucellosis,African swine fever and enterovirus encephalomyelitis.All tests were completed by using ELISA and PCR detection kits.The infection rate of SVD(Swine Vesicular Disease) was 5% in the control group and 20% in the test pigs,indicating a significant susceptibility.There was no significant difference observed for the other 8 infectious diseases.The death rate was 8% in the infected control adult pigs,but 37% among the infected adult pigs in the test group.The liver functions of some sFat-1 gene transgenic pigs were slightly damaged that might have caused their increased susceptibility to SVD.
2011, 26(2): 184-188.
Abstract:
This article reports a new species of Cyathocotyle appeared in the pasture duck′s caecum in Fujian.Features of this ovoid fluke,which was 1.175-2.375 mm×0.950-1.875 mm in size,included an obvious oral sucker and pharynx with one large holdfast,two testes varying in shape,few eggs,and one near-round ovary and long,bag-shaped cirrus pouch in the back of the fluke mainly in the caecum of some domestic ducks.Compared with similar Cyathocotyles,this fluke had distinguished characteristics,thus named Cyathocotyle caecumalis sp.nov.The epidemiology,clinical symptoms and pathological changes are briefly described with regards to the possible disease caused by Cyathocotyle caecumalis sp.nov.
This article reports a new species of Cyathocotyle appeared in the pasture duck′s caecum in Fujian.Features of this ovoid fluke,which was 1.175-2.375 mm×0.950-1.875 mm in size,included an obvious oral sucker and pharynx with one large holdfast,two testes varying in shape,few eggs,and one near-round ovary and long,bag-shaped cirrus pouch in the back of the fluke mainly in the caecum of some domestic ducks.Compared with similar Cyathocotyles,this fluke had distinguished characteristics,thus named Cyathocotyle caecumalis sp.nov.The epidemiology,clinical symptoms and pathological changes are briefly described with regards to the possible disease caused by Cyathocotyle caecumalis sp.nov.
2011, 26(2): 189-192.
Abstract:
To study the effects of Tα1(thymosin α1) Spirulina in adding to juvenile abalone feeds,a comparison experiment was conducted in 8 pools of 23.2 m2 for each with water temperature 12.5～17.7 ℃ and salinity 30.Initial shell length and density of the juvenile abalone were 3.68±0.04 mm and 5 755±429 unit· m-2 for treatment group,3.66±0.07 mm and 5 733±169 unit·m-2 for control group,respectively.By the end of experiment,the shell length,survival rate,daily gain in length reached in 15.65 ± 0.19 mm and 15.08 ± 0.63 mm,93.57 ± 0.68% and 89.25 ± 2.48%,90.04 ± 1.49 μm·d-1 and 85.81±4.48 μm·d-1 for experiment and control groups,respectively.Results showed that adding Tα1 Spirulina in juvenile abalone cultivation increased survival rate(P0.05) significantly and stimulated abalone growth(P 0.05).The color of shell and uniformity of size were better in treated group than in control.With enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),it was found that adding Tα1 Spirulina in feeds enhanced the content of Tα1 in juvenile abalone(P0.05).
To study the effects of Tα1(thymosin α1) Spirulina in adding to juvenile abalone feeds,a comparison experiment was conducted in 8 pools of 23.2 m2 for each with water temperature 12.5～17.7 ℃ and salinity 30.Initial shell length and density of the juvenile abalone were 3.68±0.04 mm and 5 755±429 unit· m-2 for treatment group,3.66±0.07 mm and 5 733±169 unit·m-2 for control group,respectively.By the end of experiment,the shell length,survival rate,daily gain in length reached in 15.65 ± 0.19 mm and 15.08 ± 0.63 mm,93.57 ± 0.68% and 89.25 ± 2.48%,90.04 ± 1.49 μm·d-1 and 85.81±4.48 μm·d-1 for experiment and control groups,respectively.Results showed that adding Tα1 Spirulina in juvenile abalone cultivation increased survival rate(P0.05) significantly and stimulated abalone growth(P 0.05).The color of shell and uniformity of size were better in treated group than in control.With enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),it was found that adding Tα1 Spirulina in feeds enhanced the content of Tα1 in juvenile abalone(P0.05).
2011, 26(2): 200-205.
Abstract:
Sixteen strains of Colletotrichum indicum were isolated from the infected kenaf samples collected from 4 provinces in China.Sporulation and pathogenicity of 5 representative strains of them were tested.The results showed that the m-XS1 strain was the most pathogenic species and produced the greatest number of spores.Its infection occurred mainly on the wounded kenaf and matured leaves.The strain was inoculated on 11 kenaf varieties,with or without wound,in a greenhouse.All tested varieties were infected by C.indicum under high humidity,with 3 of them were nearly immune to the disease.It was significantly correlated to kenaf’s disease indices,with or without wound(r=0.774).The same treatments on 160 kenaf varieties were performed in the field.Seven kenaf varieties were highly resistant to the disease.They could be used as high resistant kenaf parents for further research.
Sixteen strains of Colletotrichum indicum were isolated from the infected kenaf samples collected from 4 provinces in China.Sporulation and pathogenicity of 5 representative strains of them were tested.The results showed that the m-XS1 strain was the most pathogenic species and produced the greatest number of spores.Its infection occurred mainly on the wounded kenaf and matured leaves.The strain was inoculated on 11 kenaf varieties,with or without wound,in a greenhouse.All tested varieties were infected by C.indicum under high humidity,with 3 of them were nearly immune to the disease.It was significantly correlated to kenaf’s disease indices,with or without wound(r=0.774).The same treatments on 160 kenaf varieties were performed in the field.Seven kenaf varieties were highly resistant to the disease.They could be used as high resistant kenaf parents for further research.
2011, 26(2): 206-210.
Abstract:
Breeding of the 152 rice varieties that were examined and approved during 2001 and 2010 in Fujian mainly involved with sterile lines and varieties with good comprehensive traits.Our analysis indicated that: There were 133 three-line-hybrid combinations(i.e.,87.5% of total),13 two-line-hybrid combinations(i.e.,8.6%),6 conventional new varieties(i.e.,3.9%),and the three-line method remained to be the major breeding method for rice;Of 146 hybrid rice combinations,55 sterile lines were used,among which three-line-sterile lines were 47(i.e.,85.5%),two-line-sterile lines were 8(i.e.,14.5%),and each of the 8 sterile lines,such as II-32 A,Long Tefu A,Gang 46A,D62A,GufengA,TianfengA,Jin23A,SE21S,etc.,was applied to make over 5 hybrid rice combinations,which were the major sterile lines in the province;and According to the established criteria,the yield of a newly bred variety should at least increase by 6%,its resistance to rice blast be above moderate level,the rice quality be equal or better than the third-class eating Indica rice standard issued by the Department of Agriculture,and its amylose content be 15%-20%;by comparing to CK,there were 10 varieties,i.e.,IIyoushen98,Leyou 94,eIIyou 315,IIyou 039,Minfengyou 3301,Qiuyou 125,Yuyou No.1,Jiangyouming 62,Liangyouhang No.2,Jinnon 2 you 3,etc.,that met three of the criteria,and only Jinnon 2 you 3 met all four criteria.These varieties,due to their great yield potential and high economic values,could be recommended for large-scale plantation.
Breeding of the 152 rice varieties that were examined and approved during 2001 and 2010 in Fujian mainly involved with sterile lines and varieties with good comprehensive traits.Our analysis indicated that: There were 133 three-line-hybrid combinations(i.e.,87.5% of total),13 two-line-hybrid combinations(i.e.,8.6%),6 conventional new varieties(i.e.,3.9%),and the three-line method remained to be the major breeding method for rice;Of 146 hybrid rice combinations,55 sterile lines were used,among which three-line-sterile lines were 47(i.e.,85.5%),two-line-sterile lines were 8(i.e.,14.5%),and each of the 8 sterile lines,such as II-32 A,Long Tefu A,Gang 46A,D62A,GufengA,TianfengA,Jin23A,SE21S,etc.,was applied to make over 5 hybrid rice combinations,which were the major sterile lines in the province;and According to the established criteria,the yield of a newly bred variety should at least increase by 6%,its resistance to rice blast be above moderate level,the rice quality be equal or better than the third-class eating Indica rice standard issued by the Department of Agriculture,and its amylose content be 15%-20%;by comparing to CK,there were 10 varieties,i.e.,IIyoushen98,Leyou 94,eIIyou 315,IIyou 039,Minfengyou 3301,Qiuyou 125,Yuyou No.1,Jiangyouming 62,Liangyouhang No.2,Jinnon 2 you 3,etc.,that met three of the criteria,and only Jinnon 2 you 3 met all four criteria.These varieties,due to their great yield potential and high economic values,could be recommended for large-scale plantation.
2011, 26(2): 211-214.
Abstract:
Yield and yield components of 30 mid-season rice hybrids were studied in a joint regional field test in Fuzhou during 2007-2009.Data for identifying and selecting new stable,high-yield,mid-season rice varieties,as well as,establishing the cultivation technology was obtained.A differential analysis indicated that the difference on the variation coefficients for grain weight was the smallest among all,and the characteristics of the varieties tended to be relatively stable.The regression analysis showed that the 5 yield components positively correlated with yield,with the panicle number,filled spikelets per panicle and seed-setting rate significantly correlated.The partial correlation analysis showed that the panicle number,filled spikelets per panicle and grain weight had significant positive correlations with yield,while the partial correlation coefficient between spikelets per panicle or seed-setting rate and yield was negative,and not significant.The path analysis indicated that the direct effects of the panicle number,filled spikelets per panicle and grain weight on yield were all positive,and the filled spikelets per panicle contributed most greatly to the effect.All indirect effects of the panicle number,filled spikelets per panicle and grain weight on yield were negative,with the panicle number affected by the grain weight relatively high.When all factors were taken into consideration,the filled spikelets per panicle and panicle number should be the critical criteria for selection.However,at the same time,the grain weight and spikelets per panicle,as well as a relatively stable seed-setting rate could not be neglected.
Yield and yield components of 30 mid-season rice hybrids were studied in a joint regional field test in Fuzhou during 2007-2009.Data for identifying and selecting new stable,high-yield,mid-season rice varieties,as well as,establishing the cultivation technology was obtained.A differential analysis indicated that the difference on the variation coefficients for grain weight was the smallest among all,and the characteristics of the varieties tended to be relatively stable.The regression analysis showed that the 5 yield components positively correlated with yield,with the panicle number,filled spikelets per panicle and seed-setting rate significantly correlated.The partial correlation analysis showed that the panicle number,filled spikelets per panicle and grain weight had significant positive correlations with yield,while the partial correlation coefficient between spikelets per panicle or seed-setting rate and yield was negative,and not significant.The path analysis indicated that the direct effects of the panicle number,filled spikelets per panicle and grain weight on yield were all positive,and the filled spikelets per panicle contributed most greatly to the effect.All indirect effects of the panicle number,filled spikelets per panicle and grain weight on yield were negative,with the panicle number affected by the grain weight relatively high.When all factors were taken into consideration,the filled spikelets per panicle and panicle number should be the critical criteria for selection.However,at the same time,the grain weight and spikelets per panicle,as well as a relatively stable seed-setting rate could not be neglected.
2011, 26(2): 223-228.
Abstract:
In this study,comprehensive evaluation of agronomic characters,nutritional components,processing quality and adaptation in eighteen purple sweet potato varieties were carried out.The results showed that Fushu No.9,F22-158,58009 and Jishu No.18 had the characteristics of fine exterior,high quality and palatability,which are suitable for being purple sweet potato edible varieties.Weixiang No.1 and Jishu 18 has such perfimance characters as fine exterior,high quality and palatability,which are suitable for purple sweet potato processing varieties.varieties is better suited for and anthocyanidin extraction.Further study on stem-leaf yield,sweet potato yield,leaf area coefficient and T/R value of sweet potato processing varieties,we founded that strengthening management in early culture stage for Weixiang No.1 were very favorable in obtaining a high yield,but extension growth period and prevention leaf drop were conducive to the high yield of Jishu No.18.
In this study,comprehensive evaluation of agronomic characters,nutritional components,processing quality and adaptation in eighteen purple sweet potato varieties were carried out.The results showed that Fushu No.9,F22-158,58009 and Jishu No.18 had the characteristics of fine exterior,high quality and palatability,which are suitable for being purple sweet potato edible varieties.Weixiang No.1 and Jishu 18 has such perfimance characters as fine exterior,high quality and palatability,which are suitable for purple sweet potato processing varieties.varieties is better suited for and anthocyanidin extraction.Further study on stem-leaf yield,sweet potato yield,leaf area coefficient and T/R value of sweet potato processing varieties,we founded that strengthening management in early culture stage for Weixiang No.1 were very favorable in obtaining a high yield,but extension growth period and prevention leaf drop were conducive to the high yield of Jishu No.18.
2011, 26(2): 234-237.
Abstract:
Effects of vine cutting time on the yield and quality of Quanhua No.7 peanuts and vine were studied.The results showed that harvesting vine 10 days earlier at the vine height of 5 cm could increase the crude protein content and yield of the vine without apparent decline on peanut yield and quality.The yield of vine cut 10 days before peanut-harvest increased 6.5% over the control,at P0.01 level.Its crude protein content was also higher than that of the control.However,the difference was not statistically significant.
Effects of vine cutting time on the yield and quality of Quanhua No.7 peanuts and vine were studied.The results showed that harvesting vine 10 days earlier at the vine height of 5 cm could increase the crude protein content and yield of the vine without apparent decline on peanut yield and quality.The yield of vine cut 10 days before peanut-harvest increased 6.5% over the control,at P0.01 level.Its crude protein content was also higher than that of the control.However,the difference was not statistically significant.
2011, 26(2): 238-242.
Abstract:
Diploid and autotetraploid broccoli plants’ pollen viabilities were studied by using TTC staining,in vitro as well as in situ germination,and their seed formation abilities by orthogonal experimentation.The results showed that: 1) the pollen TTC staining rates of the tetraploid and the diploid were 48.6% and 60.8%,respectively,which were significantly different;2) the in vitro pollen germination rate of the autotetraploid reached a maximum of 66.45% in 4h and leveled off afterward,while that of the diploid peaked at 69.4% in 5h and then leveled off;3) abnormalities were found on the size and germination of the autotetraploid pollen,while those were uniform for the diploid pollen;4) the germination rate of the autotetraploid was lower than that of the diploid broccoli,the pollen tubes of the autotetraploid grew slower with more irregularities than did the diploid broccoli,the in situ germinations of the hybrid and self-bred autotetraploid,as well as,the self-bred diploid were similar,but significantly lower than the diploid hybrids;and 5) the seed formation indices of the hybrid and self-bred diploid were significantly higher than that of the autotetraploid.Through selection process,the seed formation of self-bred autotetraploid was improved by 62.1% in 2009 from 2008.
Diploid and autotetraploid broccoli plants’ pollen viabilities were studied by using TTC staining,in vitro as well as in situ germination,and their seed formation abilities by orthogonal experimentation.The results showed that: 1) the pollen TTC staining rates of the tetraploid and the diploid were 48.6% and 60.8%,respectively,which were significantly different;2) the in vitro pollen germination rate of the autotetraploid reached a maximum of 66.45% in 4h and leveled off afterward,while that of the diploid peaked at 69.4% in 5h and then leveled off;3) abnormalities were found on the size and germination of the autotetraploid pollen,while those were uniform for the diploid pollen;4) the germination rate of the autotetraploid was lower than that of the diploid broccoli,the pollen tubes of the autotetraploid grew slower with more irregularities than did the diploid broccoli,the in situ germinations of the hybrid and self-bred autotetraploid,as well as,the self-bred diploid were similar,but significantly lower than the diploid hybrids;and 5) the seed formation indices of the hybrid and self-bred diploid were significantly higher than that of the autotetraploid.Through selection process,the seed formation of self-bred autotetraploid was improved by 62.1% in 2009 from 2008.
2011, 26(2): 248-253.
Abstract:
Genomic DNAs of 41 wild Agaricus bisporus strains identified by esterase isozymes analysis,along with 8 cultivation strains and 14 foreign wild strains as controls,were extracted for SRAP and ISSR analyses.Internal transcribed spacer(ITS) sequences of partial strains were amplified and the sequences were aligned.The results showed that the homology of ITS sequences from the wild A.bisporus and the control strains surpassed 99%.Thus,ITS sequence could be used as DNA-level evidences for further identification.In addition,the results were consistent with those obtained by esterase isozyme identification.Cluster analysis showed that these wild strains could be divided into three major groups,which were geographically correlated,at the similarity coefficient value of 0.93.They were genetically distant from the control strains.It suggested that China had abundant germplasm resources of A.bisporus with unique genetic makeup.
Genomic DNAs of 41 wild Agaricus bisporus strains identified by esterase isozymes analysis,along with 8 cultivation strains and 14 foreign wild strains as controls,were extracted for SRAP and ISSR analyses.Internal transcribed spacer(ITS) sequences of partial strains were amplified and the sequences were aligned.The results showed that the homology of ITS sequences from the wild A.bisporus and the control strains surpassed 99%.Thus,ITS sequence could be used as DNA-level evidences for further identification.In addition,the results were consistent with those obtained by esterase isozyme identification.Cluster analysis showed that these wild strains could be divided into three major groups,which were geographically correlated,at the similarity coefficient value of 0.93.They were genetically distant from the control strains.It suggested that China had abundant germplasm resources of A.bisporus with unique genetic makeup.
2011, 26(2): 254-259.
Abstract:
An efficient tissue culture was developed using the bulb scale,scale′s leave segments and bulblet enlargement of the Oriental Hybrid Lilium,"Sorborne".Results showed that(a) the appropriate induction medium for regeneration of the bulblet from the bulb scale and scale′s leave segments was MS+ 0.2 mg·L-1 6-BA+NAA 0.2 mg·L-1 +0.1 mg·L-1 2,4-D;(b) there was no significant difference in quantity,induced rate and fresh weight of the regenerated bulblets resulting from the 3 putting methods;(c) the induction rate of the regenerated bulblet of scale’s leave segments was the highest in the basal,followed by the middle section,and gradually decreased from bottom to top;(d) 30-60 g·L-1 was the optimal sucrose concentration for inducing the bulblet regeneration;(e) for bulblet enlargement,the sucrose concentration should be lower than 90 g·L-1 when treated in the dark,and 120 g·L-1 when exposed under scattered light.
An efficient tissue culture was developed using the bulb scale,scale′s leave segments and bulblet enlargement of the Oriental Hybrid Lilium,"Sorborne".Results showed that(a) the appropriate induction medium for regeneration of the bulblet from the bulb scale and scale′s leave segments was MS+ 0.2 mg·L-1 6-BA+NAA 0.2 mg·L-1 +0.1 mg·L-1 2,4-D;(b) there was no significant difference in quantity,induced rate and fresh weight of the regenerated bulblets resulting from the 3 putting methods;(c) the induction rate of the regenerated bulblet of scale’s leave segments was the highest in the basal,followed by the middle section,and gradually decreased from bottom to top;(d) 30-60 g·L-1 was the optimal sucrose concentration for inducing the bulblet regeneration;(e) for bulblet enlargement,the sucrose concentration should be lower than 90 g·L-1 when treated in the dark,and 120 g·L-1 when exposed under scattered light.
2011, 26(2): 260-264.
Abstract:
A Fresh-keeping microorganism,Brevibacillus brevis,was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of watermelon and identified by Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,which was used for producing the product of "GUO LI XIAN".The effect of "GUO LI XIAN" on preventing the decay of fresh fruits under high temperature and humidity was studied to Taiwan Green-jujube,Longan,Watermelon,Apple,Pear and Strawberry.Decay rates of various fruits treated by the product were differed from 32.67% to 72.72% while related control was 100%.Initial decaying observed in fruits was postponed by treatment for about 1 or 2 days.Their weight loss rates were decreased from 1.14% to 24.90% while the control was from 4.8% to 29.63% relatively.Results suggest that the effect of "GUO LI XIAN" on keeping fruit sensory quality was result of inhibiting pathogenic growth and maintaining the total soluble solid.
A Fresh-keeping microorganism,Brevibacillus brevis,was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of watermelon and identified by Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,which was used for producing the product of "GUO LI XIAN".The effect of "GUO LI XIAN" on preventing the decay of fresh fruits under high temperature and humidity was studied to Taiwan Green-jujube,Longan,Watermelon,Apple,Pear and Strawberry.Decay rates of various fruits treated by the product were differed from 32.67% to 72.72% while related control was 100%.Initial decaying observed in fruits was postponed by treatment for about 1 or 2 days.Their weight loss rates were decreased from 1.14% to 24.90% while the control was from 4.8% to 29.63% relatively.Results suggest that the effect of "GUO LI XIAN" on keeping fruit sensory quality was result of inhibiting pathogenic growth and maintaining the total soluble solid.
2011, 26(2): 265-268.
Abstract:
To determine appropriate harvest season for making high-quality wine,the grape of "Gui-pu No.1" grown in Fu’an,Fujian was studied in its brewing characteristics and nutritive properties.Results showed that the maximum total sugar content in grape observed on 10th-August and followed with slightly decreasing in 5 days after,which concomitant with the ratio of sugar to acid reaching the peak in 20.4 and maintained at 20.0.It suggests that the appropriate harvest season for brewing of "Gui-pu No.1" grape is in mid-August at Fu′an.Brewing with Saccharomyces cerevisiae JP2,the wine appeared particularly in colorful,aromatic and denseness.The content of total flavonoids,proanthocyanidins and resveratrol in wine were 2 362.5 mg·L-1,3 767.1 mg·L-1 and 4.8 mg·L-1,respectively.Thirteen different phenolic monomers were identified in wine made from "Gui-pu No.1".Comparing with a market wine,"Gui-pu No.1" wine was found richer in the content and component of phenolic monomers.Results indicated that "Gui-pu No.1" grape is a high-quality variety to brew a fine wine.
To determine appropriate harvest season for making high-quality wine,the grape of "Gui-pu No.1" grown in Fu’an,Fujian was studied in its brewing characteristics and nutritive properties.Results showed that the maximum total sugar content in grape observed on 10th-August and followed with slightly decreasing in 5 days after,which concomitant with the ratio of sugar to acid reaching the peak in 20.4 and maintained at 20.0.It suggests that the appropriate harvest season for brewing of "Gui-pu No.1" grape is in mid-August at Fu′an.Brewing with Saccharomyces cerevisiae JP2,the wine appeared particularly in colorful,aromatic and denseness.The content of total flavonoids,proanthocyanidins and resveratrol in wine were 2 362.5 mg·L-1,3 767.1 mg·L-1 and 4.8 mg·L-1,respectively.Thirteen different phenolic monomers were identified in wine made from "Gui-pu No.1".Comparing with a market wine,"Gui-pu No.1" wine was found richer in the content and component of phenolic monomers.Results indicated that "Gui-pu No.1" grape is a high-quality variety to brew a fine wine.
2011, 26(2): 275-279.
Abstract:
From 2007 to 2009,223 isolates of Magnaporthe grisea were collected in different parts of Fujian,China.The virulence of these isolates was assayed with Chinese race differentials,CO39 near-isogenic lines(NILs) and LTH NILs.The results showed that these 223 isolates could be classified into 20 physiological races by the Chinese race differentials,or 18 and 23 pathogenic types by CO39 NILs and LTH NILs.The dominant physiological race was ZB13 with occurring frequency of 26.91%,and the dominant types were I34.1 and J76.2 with occurring frequency of 47.09% and 41.26%,respectively.It seemed apparent that the dominant physiological race of M.grisea found in Fujian remained basically unchanged.
From 2007 to 2009,223 isolates of Magnaporthe grisea were collected in different parts of Fujian,China.The virulence of these isolates was assayed with Chinese race differentials,CO39 near-isogenic lines(NILs) and LTH NILs.The results showed that these 223 isolates could be classified into 20 physiological races by the Chinese race differentials,or 18 and 23 pathogenic types by CO39 NILs and LTH NILs.The dominant physiological race was ZB13 with occurring frequency of 26.91%,and the dominant types were I34.1 and J76.2 with occurring frequency of 47.09% and 41.26%,respectively.It seemed apparent that the dominant physiological race of M.grisea found in Fujian remained basically unchanged.
2011, 26(2): 284-290.
Abstract:
Nitrogen,phosphor and potassium are essential elements for vegetable fertilization.Pot and field experiments were conducted using root length to correlate with cumulative NPK absorption to establish a mathematical model by regression analysis.The results showed that,within a growth period,the curves of root length increase and NPK absorption of water spinach,lettuce,radish and Chinese cabbage were all in an "S" shape.Two root growth models for the water spinach and 30 NPK cumulative absorption models for the pot and field experiments all reached a statistical significance level.Based on the models,the following indices could be obtained: root length increase constant(l0),nutrient absorption constant(k),maximum NPK absorption rate(Inmax),and time(tmax) and maximum NPK absorption amount(Umax) and time(tc).Results showed that the fertilization had significant positive effect on k,Inmax and Umax.But tmax and tc were determined largely by the vegetable’s nutrition characteristics and little by the fertilization.The fertilization was most effective at Inmax,and therefore,Inmax should be the base for top dressing NPK applications.Umax appeared during late growth stage.And,fertilization during the mid-to late-growth period ought to provide the needed nutrients for the vegetables.
Nitrogen,phosphor and potassium are essential elements for vegetable fertilization.Pot and field experiments were conducted using root length to correlate with cumulative NPK absorption to establish a mathematical model by regression analysis.The results showed that,within a growth period,the curves of root length increase and NPK absorption of water spinach,lettuce,radish and Chinese cabbage were all in an "S" shape.Two root growth models for the water spinach and 30 NPK cumulative absorption models for the pot and field experiments all reached a statistical significance level.Based on the models,the following indices could be obtained: root length increase constant(l0),nutrient absorption constant(k),maximum NPK absorption rate(Inmax),and time(tmax) and maximum NPK absorption amount(Umax) and time(tc).Results showed that the fertilization had significant positive effect on k,Inmax and Umax.But tmax and tc were determined largely by the vegetable’s nutrition characteristics and little by the fertilization.The fertilization was most effective at Inmax,and therefore,Inmax should be the base for top dressing NPK applications.Umax appeared during late growth stage.And,fertilization during the mid-to late-growth period ought to provide the needed nutrients for the vegetables.
2011, 26(2): 291-297.
Abstract:
In laboratory,the soil respiration,dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and microbial biomass carbon(MBC) at 10℃,20℃ and 30℃ with different fertilizations in soil from a longan orchard were studied.The results showed that,in 85 days of incubation,(a)the CO2 production rate was high in the early stage followed by a rapid decrease and stabilization afterwards.The total cumulative amounts of CO2 ranged from 1439 to 4443 mg·kg-1;(b)temperature significantly contributed to the soil respiration-the soil temperature coefficient,Q10 was between 1.49 and 2.08,with the CK the lowest and the N5 treated the greatest;and(c)fungal waste application significantly increased soil respiration,as well as the soil DOC and MBC contents,while other fertilization treatments showed no significant difference.
In laboratory,the soil respiration,dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and microbial biomass carbon(MBC) at 10℃,20℃ and 30℃ with different fertilizations in soil from a longan orchard were studied.The results showed that,in 85 days of incubation,(a)the CO2 production rate was high in the early stage followed by a rapid decrease and stabilization afterwards.The total cumulative amounts of CO2 ranged from 1439 to 4443 mg·kg-1;(b)temperature significantly contributed to the soil respiration-the soil temperature coefficient,Q10 was between 1.49 and 2.08,with the CK the lowest and the N5 treated the greatest;and(c)fungal waste application significantly increased soil respiration,as well as the soil DOC and MBC contents,while other fertilization treatments showed no significant difference.
2011, 26(2): 298-303.
Abstract:
Isolated pools were used to study the dynamic changes of nutrients and biological activity in soil.The results showed that(1) long-term cropping could result in soil nutrient imbalance,reduced urease,phosphatase and sucrase activities,lowered microbial biomass nitrogen,lessened number of bacteria and fungi,and increased microbial biomass carbon;and(2) deep plowing could promote nitrogen transformation,relieve acidification,and increase organic matters in the soil,conducive to tobacco growth.Furthermore,deep plowing could significantly increase soil phosphatase and sucrase activities.It had little effect on hydrogen peroxidase activity,and a negative effect on urease.Deep plowing could increase quantity of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in soil,which could promote the soil nutrient transformation and enzyme activities.Thus,it appeared that deep plowing could off set the harms of long-term continuous cropping on a tobacco plantation providing a significant direction for an improvement on the agricultural practice.
Isolated pools were used to study the dynamic changes of nutrients and biological activity in soil.The results showed that(1) long-term cropping could result in soil nutrient imbalance,reduced urease,phosphatase and sucrase activities,lowered microbial biomass nitrogen,lessened number of bacteria and fungi,and increased microbial biomass carbon;and(2) deep plowing could promote nitrogen transformation,relieve acidification,and increase organic matters in the soil,conducive to tobacco growth.Furthermore,deep plowing could significantly increase soil phosphatase and sucrase activities.It had little effect on hydrogen peroxidase activity,and a negative effect on urease.Deep plowing could increase quantity of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in soil,which could promote the soil nutrient transformation and enzyme activities.Thus,it appeared that deep plowing could off set the harms of long-term continuous cropping on a tobacco plantation providing a significant direction for an improvement on the agricultural practice.
2011, 26(2): 304-308.
Abstract:
Securing patent on a newly bred plant is another approach in protecting intellectual property rights.It is a basic and essential national strategy to protect its agricultural and scientific discoveries.The system would promote innovation in plant breeding,improve competitiveness on the international market,as well as safeguard natural resources on germplasms.Patent protection on new plant varieties was seen especially important to encourage breeders in developing new varieties that could benefit the agriculture and forestry business.Through using the information relating to rice,this article discusses the problems encountered in the past and the reasons behind them on rice breeding research in China.Shortcomings,such as limited genetic basis,low utilization of idioplasmatic resources,redundant low-level breeding practices,insufficient incentive for business to participate,etc.were evident.Based on the prior research and managerial experiences of developed countries,some countermeasures and strategies to stimulate innovation on rice breeding are suggested.
Securing patent on a newly bred plant is another approach in protecting intellectual property rights.It is a basic and essential national strategy to protect its agricultural and scientific discoveries.The system would promote innovation in plant breeding,improve competitiveness on the international market,as well as safeguard natural resources on germplasms.Patent protection on new plant varieties was seen especially important to encourage breeders in developing new varieties that could benefit the agriculture and forestry business.Through using the information relating to rice,this article discusses the problems encountered in the past and the reasons behind them on rice breeding research in China.Shortcomings,such as limited genetic basis,low utilization of idioplasmatic resources,redundant low-level breeding practices,insufficient incentive for business to participate,etc.were evident.Based on the prior research and managerial experiences of developed countries,some countermeasures and strategies to stimulate innovation on rice breeding are suggested.
2011, 26(2): 309-320.
Abstract:
Proteins encoded by MADS-box play an important role in regulating flower development.Since the monocot rice and the eudicot Arabidopsis are distantly related plant species,to compare the floral organ identity factors and their functions between the two species would help further understand the flower development of rice.
Proteins encoded by MADS-box play an important role in regulating flower development.Since the monocot rice and the eudicot Arabidopsis are distantly related plant species,to compare the floral organ identity factors and their functions between the two species would help further understand the flower development of rice.
2011, 26(2): 321-328.
Abstract:
Rice dwarf-like disease is one of the common viral diseases of rice.In recent years,rice dwarf-like disease occurs frequently in several provinces in China with a rising trend.This paper reviews the rice dwarf-like disease’s situation,classification,symptoms,transmission route and pathogenesis,followed by its genome study.In addition,the screening of resistant material,the resistant gene mapping and cloning,as well as the existing problems are discussed.Future expectation on the related research and new areas for studies on the rice dwarf-like disease are also included.
Rice dwarf-like disease is one of the common viral diseases of rice.In recent years,rice dwarf-like disease occurs frequently in several provinces in China with a rising trend.This paper reviews the rice dwarf-like disease’s situation,classification,symptoms,transmission route and pathogenesis,followed by its genome study.In addition,the screening of resistant material,the resistant gene mapping and cloning,as well as the existing problems are discussed.Future expectation on the related research and new areas for studies on the rice dwarf-like disease are also included.
2011, 26(2): 153-158.
Abstract:
Traditional plate culture method can not fully reflect the microbial genetic information in microbiological fermentation bed,so obtaining high quality DNA is necessary to study microbial community structure in fermentation bed.In this research we designed and compared six extraction methods for bedding microbial DNA from fermentation bed,mainly in evaluating concentration and purification of extracted DNA.Results indicated that the kit methods have high pertinence,without specific bedding material microorganism DNA extraction kit,the use of excrement,soil and silt kit did not achieve good results.Simply applying SDS or CTAB methods could not effectively eliminate the pollution of humic acid and remove the complex proteins;so that,the ratio of A260 to A280 of the DNA was lower than 1.5 and no result obtained by PCR amplification.Comparatively,in SDS-CTAB method,using 10% PEG8000 in precipitation obtained the DNA with good integrity and high purity,the concentration of DNA was more than 200 ngL-1,the ratio of A260 to A280 was about 1.8,and the PCR amplified targeted the DNA.Results indicated that the SDS-CTAB was an efficient and reliable method for DNA extraction from microbiological fermentation bed and it would be also conducive to the research of molecular ecology.
Traditional plate culture method can not fully reflect the microbial genetic information in microbiological fermentation bed,so obtaining high quality DNA is necessary to study microbial community structure in fermentation bed.In this research we designed and compared six extraction methods for bedding microbial DNA from fermentation bed,mainly in evaluating concentration and purification of extracted DNA.Results indicated that the kit methods have high pertinence,without specific bedding material microorganism DNA extraction kit,the use of excrement,soil and silt kit did not achieve good results.Simply applying SDS or CTAB methods could not effectively eliminate the pollution of humic acid and remove the complex proteins;so that,the ratio of A260 to A280 of the DNA was lower than 1.5 and no result obtained by PCR amplification.Comparatively,in SDS-CTAB method,using 10% PEG8000 in precipitation obtained the DNA with good integrity and high purity,the concentration of DNA was more than 200 ngL-1,the ratio of A260 to A280 was about 1.8,and the PCR amplified targeted the DNA.Results indicated that the SDS-CTAB was an efficient and reliable method for DNA extraction from microbiological fermentation bed and it would be also conducive to the research of molecular ecology.
2011, 26(2): 159-165.
Abstract:
The experiments were conducted to investigate whether or not egg yolk antibodies can be used as a functional egg yolk powder preparation in the prevention and treatment for enteric infection caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli.The major results were as follows: 1) agglutination reaction appeared after the egg yolk antibodies mixed with the pathogenic Escherichia coli,and the bacteria activity decreased which's not agglutination;2) the mortality rate of mouse was 60% after challenge with 1.3109 CFUmL-1 Escherichia coli pathogen K88,K99 and 987P,while the mortality rate of mouse decreased to 10% after the pathogen mixed with egg yolk antibodies;3) after feeding functional egg yolk powder for 30 days and challenge with 2.6109 CFUmL-1,the mortality rate of mouse was 40% compared with the control group in 84%.Comparing with control group,the serum ALT,AST and ALP were significantly lower in treated mouse and the organ index of liver,spleen,thymus,the intestinal villus height and V/C ratio were significantly higher.The results indicated that the functional egg yolk powder can be prepared to prevent and treat the infection disease caused by pathogenic E.coli and effectively to improve the growth performance of mouse.
The experiments were conducted to investigate whether or not egg yolk antibodies can be used as a functional egg yolk powder preparation in the prevention and treatment for enteric infection caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli.The major results were as follows: 1) agglutination reaction appeared after the egg yolk antibodies mixed with the pathogenic Escherichia coli,and the bacteria activity decreased which's not agglutination;2) the mortality rate of mouse was 60% after challenge with 1.3109 CFUmL-1 Escherichia coli pathogen K88,K99 and 987P,while the mortality rate of mouse decreased to 10% after the pathogen mixed with egg yolk antibodies;3) after feeding functional egg yolk powder for 30 days and challenge with 2.6109 CFUmL-1,the mortality rate of mouse was 40% compared with the control group in 84%.Comparing with control group,the serum ALT,AST and ALP were significantly lower in treated mouse and the organ index of liver,spleen,thymus,the intestinal villus height and V/C ratio were significantly higher.The results indicated that the functional egg yolk powder can be prepared to prevent and treat the infection disease caused by pathogenic E.coli and effectively to improve the growth performance of mouse.
2011, 26(2): 175-179.
Abstract:
Conservative fragment of VP5 gene was amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into pMD18-T vector.After sequencing,the positive recombinant plasmid was acquired and used to establish standard and melt curves of the real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR.The standard curve for the threshold cycle and viral genomic copy number ranging from 3.2910～3.29108 were linear.The sensitivity of detection was 33 copies.It was concluded that the real time RT-PCR SYBR GreenⅠ technology was highly specific and repeatable for IBDV diagnostics and quantification.
Conservative fragment of VP5 gene was amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into pMD18-T vector.After sequencing,the positive recombinant plasmid was acquired and used to establish standard and melt curves of the real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR.The standard curve for the threshold cycle and viral genomic copy number ranging from 3.2910～3.29108 were linear.The sensitivity of detection was 33 copies.It was concluded that the real time RT-PCR SYBR GreenⅠ technology was highly specific and repeatable for IBDV diagnostics and quantification.
2011, 26(2): 193-199.
Abstract:
Using Ning 7414 as the control,a good quality,high yield,fast mature and late season Japonica rice variety,Nanjing 44,was applied for the study.The photosynthetic characteristics of the rice plants at tiller,jointing and post-flowering stages were compared with varied nitrogen fertilizations(i.e.,LN at 150.0 kgm-2,MN at 300.0 kgm-2 and HN at 450.0 kgm-2).The rice yield components were examined at harvest.In addition,tolerances to photo-oxidation and shading of the rice were identified.The results showed that,as compared with Ning 7414,the per plant yield of Nanjing 44 increased 18.33%,9.37% and 16.67% for HN,MN and LN,respectively.It also had better photosynthetic capacity during growth period with different nitrogen applications.Particularly,Pmax of Nanjing 44 in 14 days after flowering increased by 3.86%,10.78%,6.13% for HN,MN and LN,respectively.After the photo-oxidation treatment,the Fv/Fm ratio of Nanjing 44 decreased less,as compared to the control.Under the shading treatment,the seed setting rates and dry matter accumulation of Nanjing 44 also decreased less than the control.That made the cultivar a moderately photo-oxidation and shade-tolerant variety.The high photosynthetic traits and broad range of light intensities for optimal growth of Nanjing 44 might have provided an important physiological edge over the control for the high yield under different N fertilizations.
Using Ning 7414 as the control,a good quality,high yield,fast mature and late season Japonica rice variety,Nanjing 44,was applied for the study.The photosynthetic characteristics of the rice plants at tiller,jointing and post-flowering stages were compared with varied nitrogen fertilizations(i.e.,LN at 150.0 kgm-2,MN at 300.0 kgm-2 and HN at 450.0 kgm-2).The rice yield components were examined at harvest.In addition,tolerances to photo-oxidation and shading of the rice were identified.The results showed that,as compared with Ning 7414,the per plant yield of Nanjing 44 increased 18.33%,9.37% and 16.67% for HN,MN and LN,respectively.It also had better photosynthetic capacity during growth period with different nitrogen applications.Particularly,Pmax of Nanjing 44 in 14 days after flowering increased by 3.86%,10.78%,6.13% for HN,MN and LN,respectively.After the photo-oxidation treatment,the Fv/Fm ratio of Nanjing 44 decreased less,as compared to the control.Under the shading treatment,the seed setting rates and dry matter accumulation of Nanjing 44 also decreased less than the control.That made the cultivar a moderately photo-oxidation and shade-tolerant variety.The high photosynthetic traits and broad range of light intensities for optimal growth of Nanjing 44 might have provided an important physiological edge over the control for the high yield under different N fertilizations.
2011, 26(2): 215-222.
Abstract:
The content of twenty one fresh purple sweet potato in dry matter,starch,soluble sugar,crude protein and anthocyanin were 25.9%-36.8%,17.5%-31.1%,2.98%-5.14%,1.27%-5.26% and 18.1-93.1 mgg-1,respectively.Yields of the sweet potato in fresh and dry root tubers were 1.6-19.5 tm-2 and 0.5-6.6 tm-2,respectively;the yield in nutritive components were 0.4-4.3 tm-2 and 0.6-14.0 kgm-2 for starch and anthocyanin,respectively.Comparing with Guangzishu no.1 as control,results indicated that Zhanshu 03-40 increased significantly in the yield of dry roots and starch,Xu13-4 was remarkable in the yield of starch and anthocyanin,and Guangzishu no.2 also showed significance in the yield of anthocyanin.The germplasm with remarkable nutrition and yield was found more in breeding varieties than in landrace;however,the germplasm better in taste was found mostly from landraces.It suggests that Xu 13-4,Guangzishu no.2,Jingshu no.6,Zhanshu 03-40,Zhanyin 42 and Lingao 17 are good in nutrition and yield for hybridization between breeding varieties and landraces.
The content of twenty one fresh purple sweet potato in dry matter,starch,soluble sugar,crude protein and anthocyanin were 25.9%-36.8%,17.5%-31.1%,2.98%-5.14%,1.27%-5.26% and 18.1-93.1 mgg-1,respectively.Yields of the sweet potato in fresh and dry root tubers were 1.6-19.5 tm-2 and 0.5-6.6 tm-2,respectively;the yield in nutritive components were 0.4-4.3 tm-2 and 0.6-14.0 kgm-2 for starch and anthocyanin,respectively.Comparing with Guangzishu no.1 as control,results indicated that Zhanshu 03-40 increased significantly in the yield of dry roots and starch,Xu13-4 was remarkable in the yield of starch and anthocyanin,and Guangzishu no.2 also showed significance in the yield of anthocyanin.The germplasm with remarkable nutrition and yield was found more in breeding varieties than in landrace;however,the germplasm better in taste was found mostly from landraces.It suggests that Xu 13-4,Guangzishu no.2,Jingshu no.6,Zhanshu 03-40,Zhanyin 42 and Lingao 17 are good in nutrition and yield for hybridization between breeding varieties and landraces.
2011, 26(2): 229-233.
Abstract:
Ability of the sweet potatoes Quanshu No.9,to provide high yield and its mechanism are briefly described.Quanshu No.9 was bred by Quanzhou Institute of Agricultural Science in 2003 from the female parent Quanshu 268 by open-pollinating.The new variety was examined and approved by the Crop Variety Approval Committee of Fujian in 2009.Quanshu No.9 had an annual yield of fresh roots ranging from 27 859.5 to 49 750.5 kgm--2,which was 89.81%-127.05% of the control(Jinshang 57 or Nangshu 88).Its annual yield of dry roots was between 8 500.0 and 14 929.5 kgm-2,which was 104.20%-152.30% of the control.The annual starch yield was between 5 620.5 and 9 850.5 kgm-2,which was 107.91%-155.36% of the control.The high yield was theorized to be contributed by the fast and stable root growth and the slow deterioration of stems and leaves during mid-to late-period.This mechanism of high leaf area,net assimilation rate and economic coefficient resulted in the high yield.With its fine quality,multi-disease-resistance and high starch content,Quanshu No.9 was fit for either fresh-eating or starch-processing.Its acreage in the province during 2009 was about 3 000 hm2,and appeared to be particularly promising in the south and the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River.
Ability of the sweet potatoes Quanshu No.9,to provide high yield and its mechanism are briefly described.Quanshu No.9 was bred by Quanzhou Institute of Agricultural Science in 2003 from the female parent Quanshu 268 by open-pollinating.The new variety was examined and approved by the Crop Variety Approval Committee of Fujian in 2009.Quanshu No.9 had an annual yield of fresh roots ranging from 27 859.5 to 49 750.5 kgm--2,which was 89.81%-127.05% of the control(Jinshang 57 or Nangshu 88).Its annual yield of dry roots was between 8 500.0 and 14 929.5 kgm-2,which was 104.20%-152.30% of the control.The annual starch yield was between 5 620.5 and 9 850.5 kgm-2,which was 107.91%-155.36% of the control.The high yield was theorized to be contributed by the fast and stable root growth and the slow deterioration of stems and leaves during mid-to late-period.This mechanism of high leaf area,net assimilation rate and economic coefficient resulted in the high yield.With its fine quality,multi-disease-resistance and high starch content,Quanshu No.9 was fit for either fresh-eating or starch-processing.Its acreage in the province during 2009 was about 3 000 hm2,and appeared to be particularly promising in the south and the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River.
2011, 26(2): 243-247.
Abstract:
To study the bioconversion efficiency of Se by submerged culture of Pleurotus geesteranus,liquid medium with wheat bran and kudzu(Radix Puerariae)fiber were compared respectively with their filtration liquid in medium.The observation showed that the bioavailability of insoluble fibrous particles in medium was important to the primary colonization,elongation and development of mycelium pellets.With 3% wheat bran and 5% kudzu fiber in medium(W/V),the maximum mycelium biomass obtained was 22.4 mgL-1 and 27.5 mgL-1 and the bioconversion efficiency of Se was 71.05% and 96.16%,respectively.Comparing with wheat bran filtration in medium as control,mycelium biomass in fibrous medium was increased by 1-2 times and se conversion rate increased 37%-45%.
To study the bioconversion efficiency of Se by submerged culture of Pleurotus geesteranus,liquid medium with wheat bran and kudzu(Radix Puerariae)fiber were compared respectively with their filtration liquid in medium.The observation showed that the bioavailability of insoluble fibrous particles in medium was important to the primary colonization,elongation and development of mycelium pellets.With 3% wheat bran and 5% kudzu fiber in medium(W/V),the maximum mycelium biomass obtained was 22.4 mgL-1 and 27.5 mgL-1 and the bioconversion efficiency of Se was 71.05% and 96.16%,respectively.Comparing with wheat bran filtration in medium as control,mycelium biomass in fibrous medium was increased by 1-2 times and se conversion rate increased 37%-45%.
2011, 26(2): 269-274.
Abstract:
Storing high quality serotinous Murcott fruits under 4-6℃ for 130 days,we studied the variation pattern of fruit quality in 9 factors with interval in 120 days.The variation trend revealed as following: ① In the first 40 day,the rate of fresh fruit dropped slowly from 100.0% to 95.2%;② weight-loss rate increased slowly from 0 to 2.1%;③ total soluble solid(TSS) content increased from 15.5% to 17.0% at the 90th day then slowly decreased to 15.4%;④ total sugar content increased from 12.0% to 15.4% at the 80th day and then dropped to 14.9%;⑤ the content of reducing sugar increased from 5.9% to 8.5% at the 90th day and then decreased to 7.8%;⑥ juice yield slowly decreased from 64.8% to 63.0%;⑦ carotenoid content increased from 4.7 mghg-1 to 5.6 mghg-1 at the 80th day and kept for about 5.5 mghg-1;⑧Vc content decreased from 39.2 mghg-1 to 23.6 mghg-1;and ⑨ the content of total acid(TA) decreased from 0.79% to 0.43% with gross loss in 50.6% during the store period.Results indicate that appropriate storage duration of Murcotts at low-temperature should be less than 120 days.
Storing high quality serotinous Murcott fruits under 4-6℃ for 130 days,we studied the variation pattern of fruit quality in 9 factors with interval in 120 days.The variation trend revealed as following: ① In the first 40 day,the rate of fresh fruit dropped slowly from 100.0% to 95.2%;② weight-loss rate increased slowly from 0 to 2.1%;③ total soluble solid(TSS) content increased from 15.5% to 17.0% at the 90th day then slowly decreased to 15.4%;④ total sugar content increased from 12.0% to 15.4% at the 80th day and then dropped to 14.9%;⑤ the content of reducing sugar increased from 5.9% to 8.5% at the 90th day and then decreased to 7.8%;⑥ juice yield slowly decreased from 64.8% to 63.0%;⑦ carotenoid content increased from 4.7 mghg-1 to 5.6 mghg-1 at the 80th day and kept for about 5.5 mghg-1;⑧Vc content decreased from 39.2 mghg-1 to 23.6 mghg-1;and ⑨ the content of total acid(TA) decreased from 0.79% to 0.43% with gross loss in 50.6% during the store period.Results indicate that appropriate storage duration of Murcotts at low-temperature should be less than 120 days.
2011, 26(2): 280-283.
Abstract:
Under laboratory conditions,preference of adult Asian Citrus Psyllid(ACP),Diaphorina citri Kuw,for infestation among 13 citrus varieties was determined with two experimentations.Experiment A applied every 2 detached shoots of different citrus varieties and put together for choice.Experiment B used the detached shoots of all tested citrus varieties and put together for choice.The results of Experiment A revealed that the percentage of ACP adults on each shoot of Citrus sinensis(L.) Osbeck cv.Earlygold and C.medurensis(C.mitis) cv.Varigated Calamondin were 23% and 1%,respectively,which was significantly different from each other.The percentage on C.sinensis Osbeck cv.Taiwanmeiguicheng(33%) and cv.Newhall Navel Orange(20%) were also significantly different from each other.Significant different percentages of ACP adults were also observed between C.reticulata C.paradisi cv.Rihui(38%) and C.reticulata C.grandis cv.Page(15%).In Experiment B,the number of ACP on the shoots of C.sinensis Osbeck cv.Newhall Navel Orange,C.tangerina Tanaka cv.Fuju and C.reticulata Citrusgrandis cv.Page was 3.2-6.6 adultshoot-day-1,which were significantly higher than that on the shoots of the other 10 citrus varieties.
Under laboratory conditions,preference of adult Asian Citrus Psyllid(ACP),Diaphorina citri Kuw,for infestation among 13 citrus varieties was determined with two experimentations.Experiment A applied every 2 detached shoots of different citrus varieties and put together for choice.Experiment B used the detached shoots of all tested citrus varieties and put together for choice.The results of Experiment A revealed that the percentage of ACP adults on each shoot of Citrus sinensis(L.) Osbeck cv.Earlygold and C.medurensis(C.mitis) cv.Varigated Calamondin were 23% and 1%,respectively,which was significantly different from each other.The percentage on C.sinensis Osbeck cv.Taiwanmeiguicheng(33%) and cv.Newhall Navel Orange(20%) were also significantly different from each other.Significant different percentages of ACP adults were also observed between C.reticulata C.paradisi cv.Rihui(38%) and C.reticulata C.grandis cv.Page(15%).In Experiment B,the number of ACP on the shoots of C.sinensis Osbeck cv.Newhall Navel Orange,C.tangerina Tanaka cv.Fuju and C.reticulata Citrusgrandis cv.Page was 3.2-6.6 adultshoot-day-1,which were significantly higher than that on the shoots of the other 10 citrus varieties.
