2021 Vol. 36, No. 8
Display Method:
2021, 36(8): 867-877.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.08.001
Abstract:
Objective Effects of long-term application of organic waste, such as Chinese milk vetch, pig manure, and/or straws, on the organic carbon components and microbial biomass in the soil, as well as the yield of rice cultivated two consecutive seasons in a year on the land were studied with the aid of a 40-year research project on red soil of rice paddy fields. Methods Six treatments designed for the study included (1) CK of no added fertilizer, (2) NPK of chemical fertilizer application, (3) M1 of Chinese milk vetch fertilization on early rice, (4) M2 of Chinese milk vetch plus pig manure applications on early rice, (5) M3 of Chinese milk vetch applied on early rice and pig manure on late rice, and (6) M4 of Chinese milk vetch application on early rice and straw returning on late rice. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0–20 cm before the late rice was harvested in 2020 for fertility determinations on organic carbons, microbial biomass, nitrogen, etc. Result (1) Long-term organic fertilization could increase rice yield. As shown in the study, the yields of the early rice under M2 and M3 increased 1.4 and 1.25 times, respectively, and those of the late rice 0.59 and 0.65 times, respectively, over CK. In comparison with NPK, M2 and M3 raised the early rice yield by 18.1% and 10.6%, respectively, and the late rice yield by 15.7% and 20.0%, respectively. (2) Long-term organic fertilization could enhance the organic carbon content in soil. As compared to CK, the contents of permanganate oxidative organic carbon, free particulate organic carbon, and dissolved organic carbon on the early rice field under M2 significantly increased (P＜0.05). The free particulate organic carbon content of 0.97 g·kg−1 was significantly higher than that under NPK treatment at 0.68 g·kg−1. The microbial biomass carbon in the soil under NPK, M1, M2, M3, or M4 was 22.1% to 58.9% higher than CK with the early rice field rendering the most significant effect at 231.2 mg·kg−1 (P＜0.05). (3) Long-term organic fertilization could heighten the ratio of free particulate carbon and dissolved organic carbon distributions in soil. The most significant results were observed on the early rice lots under M2, and the main form of carbon was permanganate oxidative organic carbon. In the soil, organic carbon correlated with permanganate oxidative organic carbon, free particulate carbon, and dissolved organic carbon (P＜0.01). And (4) long-term organic fertilization could also increase the total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, and other nutrients in the soil. The rice yield was found significantly correlate with the available phosphorus, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, and dissolved organic carbon in soil at P＜0.01, as well as with the total phosphorus, free particulate organic carbon, and permanganate oxidative organic carbon at P＜0.05. Conclusion Long-term organic fertilization could materially improve the fertility and adequately regulate the dissolved organic carbon in the red soil promoting the yield of rice cultivated on the fertilized land. The application of Chinese milk vetch and pig manure presented a promising potential for sustainable agricultural development.
2021, 36(8): 878-883.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.08.002
Abstract:
Objective The composition, structure, and evolution of each member of the growth-interacting factors (GIF) of the growth-regulating factors (GRF) and the transcription cofactors that closely associate with the growth, development, and stress response of plants in Setaria italica were analyzed. Method Based on the S. italica genome database and bioinformatics, the structure, characteristics, position on the chromosome, proteins similarity, secondary structure, transmembrane domain, and phosphorylation sites of the GIF genes were obtained. Result The 3 SiGIFs in S. italica genome contained 4 exons locating on the 3, 8, and 9 chromosomes. The greatest similarity between SiGIF1 and SiGIF2 was 72.04%, while the lowest was 37.08% between SiGIF1 and SiGIF3. The secondary structure consisted of 41.56%～56.60% random coils, 34.43%～35.50% alpha helix, 5.19%～11.69% beta turns and 3.23%～11.26% extended strands. The TMHMM transmembrane domain analysis showed no transmembrane domain in SiGIFs. MEME indicated that all SiGIFs contained conserved SSXT (PF05030) domain. And potential phosphorylation sites in the GIFs were predicted by analysis. Conclusion The bioinformatics revealed information on the structure, phosphorylation sites of SiGIF gene family provided crucial insights for the studies on the growth and development of plants.
2021, 36(8): 884-891.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.08.003
Abstract:
Objective Correlation between the flavonoids content and associated markers was analyzed for genetic improvement studies on Tartary buckwheat. Method Sixty-two SSR primer pairs were used to assess the genetic diversity of 193 Tartary buckwheat germplasms. The SSR markers closely related to the total flavonoids content were selected by association analysis. Result The total flavonoids content of 193 Tartary buckwheat germplasms varied from 1.04% to 2.99% with a coefficient variation of 27.93%. Sixty-two pairs of SSR primers amplified 267 polymorphic sites with an average number of effective alleles of 2.45. The mean values of gene diversity, Shannon index, observed heterozygosity and polymorphism information content of SSR markers were 0.503, 0.942, 0.513 and 0.74, respectively. The population structure analysis divided the 193 germplasms into 3 subgroups. Five SSR markers were determined to be significantly associated with flavonoids content by the general linear model (GLM). The phenotypic variations ranged from 6.3% to 12.9% with TatG0124 at 12.9% and S6853 at 8.5% being the higher markers. Conclusion The germplasms used in this study were diverse in genetic variation and feasible for related genome-wide mapping on important traits of Tartary buckwheat. The loci, TatG0124 and S6853, appeared to closely associate with the flavonoids content of Tartary buckwheat and were considered to be potentially useful for breeding new varieties with high content of the functional components.
2021, 36(8): 892-898.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.08.004
Abstract:
Objective Effects of varied nitrogen fertilization on the growth and grain yield of Tartary buckwheat Jinqiao 2 under draught stress were studied. Method Agronomic characteristics, root morphology, and antioxidant enzyme activity of Tartary buckwheat plants under 8 treatments of varied combinations on water and nitrogen supplies were monitored. The treatments included (1) 0D-0N that provided normal water irrigation without added nitrogen fertilization, (2) 0D-LN that used a low nitrogen application with normal water supply, (3) 0D-MN that added a medium level of nitrogen under normal water supply, (4) 0D-HN that applied a high nitrogen fertilization with normal water supply, (5) HD-N0 that imposed a severe drought condition without nitrogen addition, (6) HD-N1 that used a low nitrogen application under severe drought, (7) HD-N2 that fertilized with medium level of nitrogen at severe drought condition, and (8) HD-N3 that supplied high nitrogen under severe drought. Result Agronomically, morphologically, and enzymatically, the treated Tartary buckwheat was significantly affected by the treatments. Supplied with normally required water, the plants were increasingly affected by the increased nitrogen addition to reach a significantly higher peak under 0D-MN than the other treatment before declining ( Conclusion It appeared that nitrogen fertilization at a rate of 172.413 kg·hm−2 under draught could not only improve the growth but also increase 1.76-fold on grain weight and 3.29-fold on production yield of Tartary buckwheat.
2021, 36(8): 899-908.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.08.005
Abstract:
Objective Optimal time for harvesting Camellia nitidissima flowers was investigated. Method The primary functional ingredients (such as, total flavonoids, tea polyphenols, total saponins, and crude polysaccharide) and the major nutrients (such as, amino acids, protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and ash) of the camellia flowers at budding, fish-mouth, semi-open, blooming, and withering stages were determined for the evaluation. Result The flowers at the semi-open stage had the highest contents of total flavonoids, tea polyphenols, and total saponin. They were followed by those at the fish-mouth and blooming stages. The flowers at all stages contained 7 essential amino acids but varied in different aspects. The total amino acids, pharmacologically functional amino acids, and savory amino acids were 5.46 g·hg−1, 3.36 g·hg−1 , and 1.35 g·hg−1, respectively, in the fish-mouth flowers which were higher than those at other 4 stages. The score of ratio coefficient (SRC) on amino acids in the flowers at budding, fish-mouth, semi-open, blooming, and withering stages were 59.31, 62.08, 56.67, 57.84, and 57.75, respectively. Methionine and cysteine were the most limiting amino acids in the flowers. The protein content of 5.85 g·hg−1 was highest at fish-mouth stage; the relatively rich fiber content ranging between 16.8 g·hg−1 and 17.5 g·hg−1existed at all stages; the fat peaked at withering and followed by fish-mouth stage; and the ash content of 3.64-3.88 g·hg−1 did not vary much by florescence stages. An overall ranking on the nutrition scores of the flowers at different stages was budding＞fish-mouth＞semi-opening＞withering＞blooming. The weight and morphology of individual camellia flowers at fish-mouth and semi-open stages showed a similar commercial value but a significant increase of 11.9% on yield over the traditional harvesting period. Conclusion C. nitidissima flowers in the fish-mouth and semi-open stages had relatively high contents of functional ingredients and nutrients, in addition to a significantly higher yield over those picked at other stages as traditionally practiced.
2021, 36(8): 909-916.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.08.006
Abstract:
Objective The ribavirin (RBV) single-chain antibody (scFv) gene was constructed, cloned, and physiochemically analyzed to establish a model for the detection method development and molecular modification. Method Using the total RNA of the hybridoma cell line secreting RBV antibody as a template, both heavy-chain (VH) and light-chain variable (VL) regions of the antibody were amplified by RT-PCR. Then the short peptide （Gly4Ser）3 was employed as the splicing joint to construct the complete scFv-RBV. Bioinformatics methods were applied to predict and analyze the physiochemical properties, protein structure, and functions of the gene. Results The constructed scFv-RBV encoded 240 amino acids with a relative molecular mass of 26,162.27 Da and a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.57. The secondary structure of the protein consisted of 39.17% β-sheets, 45.41% random coils, 5.42% α-helices, and 10% β-turns. In the tertiary structure, the VH and VL regions were pulled close by Linker, forming a typical pocket-like spatial configuration that conforms to the structural characteristics of a single-chain antibody. Theoretically, it could bind specifically to RBV antigens. Conclusion The successfully constructed scFv-RBV in this study afforded the utilization of bioinformatics methods to predict and analyze the secondary and tertiary structures of scFv gene paving the way for further studies on the expression, purification, and directed evolution of the single-chain antibodies.
2021, 36(8): 917-922.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.08.007
Abstract:
Objective Effects of reduced-protein diet with a lysine addition on the growth and the content and composition of intramuscular amino acids and fatty acids of pigs at finishing stage were determined to optimize the feeding at hog farms． Method Ninety Landrace x Large White x Duroc pigs with an initial body weight of 59.5±3.6 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 pigs in each of 3 replicates. As control, Group 1 was fed on forage containing 16.58% crude protein (CP) and 0.71% digestible lysine (DLy). Group 2 and Group 3 were treatments on diets of 14.58% and 12.53% CP, respectively, with a 0.71% DLy addition. The feeding lasted for 40 d prior to slaughtering for chemical analysis on longissimus muscles. Result Compare to control, the pigs in the treatment groups showed no significant differences on the average daily gain (ADG) or feed/gain ratio (F/G) (P＞0.05). Neither the content or the composition of intramuscular amino acids and fatty acids in the longissimus muscles differed significantly among the 3 groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion The results suggested that, so long as the DLy supply in the forage was kept constant at the adequate level, a reduction of CP up to 12.53% in the pig diet would not significantly alter the growth or the nutritional and eating quality of the pork meat.
2021, 36(8): 923-926.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.08.008
Abstract:
Objective A rapid isothermal amplification method for detecting the recombinant enzyme polymerase (RPA) in sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) was established. Method A set of primers for RPA detection was designed based on the AV1 gene selected from SPLCV sequence. Reaction conditions for the detection was optimized and verified for applicability. Result The newly established methodology took merely 20m to complete the nucleic acid amplification at 39℃, which greatly improved the detection efficiency．More importantly, the method was specific toward SPLCV and free of any cross reaction with DNAs of other pathogens, such as TYLCD, SPFMV, SPVG, or SPCSV. It also showed a high repeatability and a minimum detection limit on RPA of 10 pg·μL−1. Conclusion The newly developed method for SPLCV identification based on the detection of RPA in sweet potatoes was rapid, accurate, specific, repeatable, and easy to operate in the field.
2021, 36(8): 927-935.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.08.009
Abstract:
Object Microbes with potential of being used as biological control agents against the southern blight and root rot diseases on Siraitia grosvenorii were screened and identified from the rhizosphere soil in the field. Method A total of 114 strains of presumably antagonistic microorganisms were isolated from the soil at a S. grosvenorii orchard by means of dilution coating and streaking. The isolates were screened for their antibacterial activity using the plate confrontation method, and subsequently, identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis along with observations on the colony morphology and microbial physiochemical characteristics. Result Twenty-two isolated strains displayed varying degrees of inhibition effect on one or both root rot and southern blight pathogens. They included the bacteria under the coded names of TYX-2, TYX-3, TYX-4, TYX-7, and TYX-8 with inhibition rates on the root rot of 67.53%, 57.50%, 64.17%, 60.00%, and 66.67%, respectively, and on the southern blight with the rates of 83.03%, 87.58%, 53.31%, 82.27%, and 86.67%, respectively. TYX-2, TYX-7, and TYX-8 were identified to be Bacillus velezia, TYX-3 B. subtilis, and TYX-4 B. amyloliquefaciens. The fermentation broths of TYX-2, TYX-3, and TYX-4 also showed significant inhibition rates on the root rot pathogen at 47.83%, 48.67%, and 45.83%, respectively, and 52.00%, 50.42%, and 55.83% on the southern blight. Conclusion The isolated B. velez, B. subtilis, and B. amyloliquefaciens strains displayed significant inhibitory effects on the root rot and southern blight of S. grosvenorii. They could be studied further for a potential application as agents for biocontrol on the diseases.
2021, 36(8): 936-941.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.08.010
Abstract:
Objective Diversity of the rhizosphere soil fungal community in potato field as affected by the presence of root-knot nematodes was investigated using high-throughput sequencing technique. Methods The properties and bioinformatics of rhizosphere soils surrounding healthy and infested potato plants were compared to analyze the possible effects of differential fungal community on the occurrence and control of the disease. Results There were 526 fungi species belonging to 332 genera, 171 families, 77 orders, 34 classes, 12 phyla, and 3 kingdoms identified from the 6 field specimens. Significantly differentiations on the fungal community diversity and properties of the rhizosphere soils on the healthy and infested potato lots were found. In the infected areas, Basidiomycota was the more abundant phylum, but Ascomycota less, than on the healthy lots. At family level, Nectriaceae and Trimorphomycetaceae were more abundantly found in the soil of diseased plants, while at genus level, Fusarium, Mortierella, and some unclassified Chaetomiaceae more richly in the soil of healthy plants. Conclusion Significant differences in the abundance of fungi in the rhizosphere soils of potatoes infested by the root-knot nematodes and the healthy counterparts were found at phylum, family, and genus levels. The information would aid further study on the occurrence and control of potato root-knot nematodes.
2021, 36(8): 942-947.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.08.011
Abstract:
Objective Effect of aluminum (Al)-stress on organic acids in seedlings of Chinese fir, Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook, was examined in a simulated study. Method Nutrient culture solutions containing Al in varied concentrations were used to cultivate the seedlings. Organic acids in the plant tissues (i.e., needles and roots) and secreted from the root-tips of the seedlings grown in the media were determined to analyze the effect of Al-stress by a correlation analysis. Result Six organic acids including oxalic acid, tartaric acid, L-malate, ascorbic acid, citric acid, and fumaric acid were found in the needles and roots of the Chinese fir seedlings. Among them, ascorbic acid had the highest content in the needles, while ascorbic acid and oxalic acid in the roots. Under Al-stress, tartaric acid, L-malate, ascorbic acid, citric acid, and fumaric acid increased initially and followed by a decline in the needles, but the oxalic acid on a constant increase trend. At Al concentration of 1 mmol·L−1, L-malic acid and fumaric acid significantly increased, with no significant changes on the other acids, in the needles. The contents of the 6 organic acids in roots of the plants under varied Al-stresses were significantly lower than those of control. Aside from minute amounts of L-malate, ascorbic acid, and lactic acid, oxalic acid was the major organic acids found in the root-tip exudate. It was significantly reduced by the imposition of Al-stress. Conclusion The responses of Chinese fir seedlings to the simulated Al-stress varied with respect to the organic acid contents in the needles or roots and the root-tip secretion. Significant effects were observed on L-malic acid and fumaric acid in the needles and on all 6 organic acids in the roots, as well as oxalic acid exudated from the root-tips. Al-stress appeared to exert greater harm to the roots than the needles on a fir plant.
2021, 36(8): 948-955.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.08.012
Abstract:
Objective The microbial community in rhizosphere soils of Chinese narcissuses was analyzed. Method The Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to obtain the relevant conserved gene regions of the microbes in soil specimens from Chinese narcissus planting lots. The community structures and distributions of dominant species of bacteria, fungi, and archaea in the rhizosphere soils were analyzed. Result In total, 175 840 optimized sequences were obtained and clustered from the specimens into 2 680 representative OTUs with a 97% similarity. The dominant bacteria were Chloroflexi (30.86%) and Proteobacteria (20.67%). Among the fungi, Ascomycota (84.94%) significantly overshadowed the others, with Chaetomium globosum (28.15%) and Ascomycetes (25.01%) accounted for the greater proportions. On archaea, Thaumarchaeota (51.40%), Bathyarchaeota (25.98%), and Euryarchaeota (20.65%) were the major phyla that had 25.67% SCG and 12.93% acidophilic ammonia oxidizing members. Conclusion The rhizosphere soils of Chinese narcissuses harbored diverse and rich microbial species. The information obtained would aid the development and utilization of the natural resources.
Carbon, Nitrogen, and Enzyme Activity in Saline-alkali Soil on Songnen Plain as Affected by Land Use
2021, 36(8): 956-963.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.08.013
Abstract:
Objective Fertility and enzymatic activity of the saline-alkali soil in relation to land use were analyzed for ecological improvements and restoration. Method At sites on Songnen Plain in western Jilin province, the effects on organic carbon, total nitrogen, invertase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, and catalase of the saline-alkali soils under different types of land use as paddy farming field (N1), dry farming field (N2), wetland (S), and grassland (C) were compared. Result The organic carbon contents in the soils ranged 9.70–16.27 g·kg−1 under N1, 3.85–11.58 g·kg−1 under N2, 2.14–2.97 g·kg−1 under S, and 5.25–11.24 g·kg−1 under C. and the total nitrogen, 1.83–2.32 g·kg−1 under N1, 0.45–0.76 g·kg−1 under N2, 0.34–1.28 g·kg−1 under S, and 0.88–2.04 g·kg−1 under C. and the total T/N, 2.29–7.11 under N1, 8.89–15.28 under N2, 2.00–6.42 under S, and 4.20–5.97 under C. The activities of various enzymes were urease (60.64–286.49 μmol·d−1·mg−1)＞alkaline phosphatase (9.22–48.05 μmol·d−1·mg−1)＞catalase (9.14–9.68 μmol·d−1·mg−1)＞sucrase (0.06–7.82 μmol·d−1·mg−1) and decreased along the depth of the soil layers. The invertase significantly correlated with C/N at P＜0.05, the urease with C/N at P＜0.01, the alkaline phosphatase with the organic C at P＜0.01 and with the total nitrogen at P＜0.05, while the catalase with total nitrogen at P＜0.01 and with C/N at P＜0.05. The redundant analysis indicated that the activities of invertase and urease were mainly regulated by the pH and bulk density, while those of alkaline phosphatase and catalase largely affected by the moisture content and electric conductivity of the soil. Conclusion Land use exerted significant effects on the organic carbon, total nitrogen, and enzyme activity in the saline-alkali soils which gradually decreased from the surface to the deeper layers. Paddy farming on the land fostered the nutrient accumulation and increased the enzymatic activities in the soil. Thus, the type of land use was considered more ecologically friendly than wetland or grassland for the regions of saline-alkali soil.
2021, 36(8): 964-971.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.08.014
Abstract:
Objective Formulation of a chewable candy containing loquat flower tea for cough relief and phlegm reduction was optimized. Method Formulation on loquat flower tea, xylitol, citrate acid, and gelatin for the candy product was tested in a single factor experiment using hardness measurement and sensory multiple-scoring as the evaluation criteria. It was optimized using a response surface method with 3 factors and 3 levels. Result The sensory evaluation suggested the appropriate gelatin addition to be 12%, and the response surface experiment optimized the formula to include 17.7 g·L−1 loquat flower tea, 13.85% xylitol, and 1.25% citrate acid. A sensory score of 91.23 agreeing with the predicted value by the model was obtained on the finished product. Conclusion The finalized formulation for the chewable candy consisted of 29.85% of loquat flower tea (i.e., a concentration at 17.7g·L−1), 28.4% of maltose syrup, 13.85% of xylitol, 14.55% of sugar, 1.25% of citrate acid, 12% of gelatin, and 0.1% of glyceryl monostearate.
2021, 36(8): 972-980.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.08.015
Abstract:
As an organ that extracts water and nutrients from the soil, the root system is vital for a rice plant. Establishing a 3D model to visualize the system structure can materially help the studies on the morphology and functional traits of the roots. Recent advancements in the computerized and non-invasive technologies make the information digitization for scientific research increasingly accessible and significant progresses possible. For instance, utilizing hand drawings and computer tomography (CT), mathematical models were built to vividly simulate the configuration of unearthed root system. Since data acquisition that proceeds model building is essential for an accurate and reliable representation, this article compares and analyzes the principles and characteristics of two classes of detection methods for information collection on the root systems. These methods can be either destructive or in-situ in applications depending upon whether or not the original growth environment was interrupted or destroyed. The 3D modeling and visualization of rice root system is explained in this article from the aspects of manual observation and measurement, machinery vision, 3D digitization by optical instruments, and tomography, etc. The mainstream reconstruction technologies are classified, compared, and analyzed with respect to the pros and cons on the resulting effect as well as the cost and ease of operation. Since environmental conditions are ever-changing, the development of a root system is invariably complex and varied. The affecting factors include the firmness, moisture content, and nutrients distribution of the soil a plant grows on. In addition, the non-transparency and instability of soil has so far hindered the related studies and confined to the fundamental and non-environmental elements, such as, depth of layer and time, for statistical analysis. Consequently, few reports dealt with the dynamic interactions among the multi-environmental factors that effect on the root development are available. Evidently, in the foreseeable future, the newly developed modeling and visualization technologies would usher in innovative applications and deep understanding in the field of study.
As an organ that extracts water and nutrients from the soil, the root system is vital for a rice plant. Establishing a 3D model to visualize the system structure can materially help the studies on the morphology and functional traits of the roots. Recent advancements in the computerized and non-invasive technologies make the information digitization for scientific research increasingly accessible and significant progresses possible. For instance, utilizing hand drawings and computer tomography (CT), mathematical models were built to vividly simulate the configuration of unearthed root system. Since data acquisition that proceeds model building is essential for an accurate and reliable representation, this article compares and analyzes the principles and characteristics of two classes of detection methods for information collection on the root systems. These methods can be either destructive or in-situ in applications depending upon whether or not the original growth environment was interrupted or destroyed. The 3D modeling and visualization of rice root system is explained in this article from the aspects of manual observation and measurement, machinery vision, 3D digitization by optical instruments, and tomography, etc. The mainstream reconstruction technologies are classified, compared, and analyzed with respect to the pros and cons on the resulting effect as well as the cost and ease of operation. Since environmental conditions are ever-changing, the development of a root system is invariably complex and varied. The affecting factors include the firmness, moisture content, and nutrients distribution of the soil a plant grows on. In addition, the non-transparency and instability of soil has so far hindered the related studies and confined to the fundamental and non-environmental elements, such as, depth of layer and time, for statistical analysis. Consequently, few reports dealt with the dynamic interactions among the multi-environmental factors that effect on the root development are available. Evidently, in the foreseeable future, the newly developed modeling and visualization technologies would usher in innovative applications and deep understanding in the field of study.
2021, 36(8): 981-988.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.08.016
Abstract:
Spodoptera frugiperda is an extremely destructive pest native to tropical and subtropical areas in the Americas. It causes devastating damage to almost 180 crop plants, posing a serious threat to food security. The remarkable flight capacity of over 100 km per night of the adult moths makes the infestation spread wide and rapid. Since 2019 when S. frugiperda first invaded China, 26 provinces have been affected by it with a threat of spreading farther to the northern part of the nation. Hence, the prevention and control of the pest is paramount but a long-term, arduous task. Application of chemical insecticides for the pest control is a common practice here and abroad but carries the inevitable side-effect of resistance development in the insects and pollution on the environment. As an ecologically friendly means, the use of biological agents would be an ideal alternative in effectively combating and sustainably managing the S. frugiperda infestation. This article summarizes the potential approaches cited in literature including the applications of entomophagous insects (i.e., parasitoids and predators), pathogenic microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, nematodes, pathogenic fungi, and viruses), plant-derived pesticides, and/or sex pheromone.
Spodoptera frugiperda is an extremely destructive pest native to tropical and subtropical areas in the Americas. It causes devastating damage to almost 180 crop plants, posing a serious threat to food security. The remarkable flight capacity of over 100 km per night of the adult moths makes the infestation spread wide and rapid. Since 2019 when S. frugiperda first invaded China, 26 provinces have been affected by it with a threat of spreading farther to the northern part of the nation. Hence, the prevention and control of the pest is paramount but a long-term, arduous task. Application of chemical insecticides for the pest control is a common practice here and abroad but carries the inevitable side-effect of resistance development in the insects and pollution on the environment. As an ecologically friendly means, the use of biological agents would be an ideal alternative in effectively combating and sustainably managing the S. frugiperda infestation. This article summarizes the potential approaches cited in literature including the applications of entomophagous insects (i.e., parasitoids and predators), pathogenic microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, nematodes, pathogenic fungi, and viruses), plant-derived pesticides, and/or sex pheromone.
