天然林与人工林中锥栗外生菌根真菌多样性研究

袁超; 张盼盼; 庞文博; 成圆圆; 张桃香

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.03.014

天然林与人工林中锥栗外生菌根真菌多样性研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.03.014

福建农林大学林学院森林共生生物学国际联合实验室，福建　福州　350002

基金项目: 福建省林业厅科学技术基金项目（KLb20004A）；福建省自然科学基金项目（KJD21006A）

详细信息

作者简介:
袁超（1995−），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：森林微生物（E-mail：Yuanchao507@163.com）

通讯作者:
张桃香（1985−），女，博士，讲师，研究方向：森林培育（E-mail：ning527@fafu.edu.cn）

中图分类号: S718
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-20
- 修回日期: 2022-12-12
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-28
- 刊出日期: 2023-03-28

Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Communities at Natural and Cultivated Castanea henryi Forests

International Joint Laboratory of Forest Symbiosis Biology, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China

摘要

摘要: 目的揭示泰宁地区天然林与人工林锥栗外生菌根真菌的群落组成和多样性。方法以泰宁县天然锥栗林与人工锥栗林为采样地，采集锥栗根际土壤和根系样品，检测土壤理化性质，采用菌根学形态描述和分子鉴定对锥栗根部外生菌根真菌类型进行鉴定，并分析其侵染率与环境因子之间的相关性。结果天然林锥栗与人工林锥栗之间土壤理化性质存在显著差异，天然林锥栗样地土壤有机质、全氮、全钾与含水量显著高于人工林锥栗样地。人工林锥栗与天然林共鉴定到五类外生菌根真菌，隶属于2门3科5属。其中天然林锥栗土生空团菌（Cenococcum geophilum）的侵染率最高，达到了33.62%；而人工林锥栗橙黄硬皮马勃（Scleroderma citrinum）的侵染率最高，为65.61%；此外，乳菇（Lactarius kesiyae）、绒盖牛肝菌属（Xerocomus sp.）和红菇属（Russula sp.）也是泰宁地区锥栗的主要外生菌根类群。外生菌根真菌侵染率与环境因子相关性分析表明，土壤pH值、全磷、全钾和含水量与菌根侵染率密切相关。结论泰宁地区锥栗天然林与人工林外生菌根真菌群落组成及多样性存在差异，且天然林外生菌根真菌多样性高于人工林。研究结果为今后挖掘锥栗优势外生菌根真菌并应用于锥栗栽培提供重要技术依据，为人工锥栗林地土壤质量恢复奠定基础。
- 锥栗 /
- 外生菌根真菌 /
- 真菌多样性 /
- 土壤理化性质
Abstract: Objective Composition and diversity of the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi communities at natural and cultivated Castanea henryi forests in Taining, Fujian were studied. Methods Samples of C. henryi root and rhizosphere soil at the sites were collected for physiochemical analysis, mycorrhizal morphology observation, and molecular identification. A correlation between the ECM fungi in the roots and environmental conditions was analyzed. Results The physicochemical properties of the rhizosphere soil significantly differed between the natural forests and the plantations. The contents of organic matters, total nitrogen, total potassium, and water in the soil of a natural forest were significantly higher than those of a plantation. Five types of ECM fungi belonging to 2 phyla, 3 families, and 5 genera were identified in the collected samples. Among the fungi, the highest infection rate of Cenococcum geophilum at 33.62% was found on the C. henryi roots at the natural forests and that of Scleroderma citrinum at 65.61% at the plantations; while the other dominants included Lactarius kesiyae, Xerocomus sp. and Russula sp. . The contents of total phosphorus, total potassium, and water as well as pH in the soil significantly correlated with the fungal infection on the C. henryi roots. Conclusion Significant differences existed in the ECM fungi communities at the natural C. henryi forests and plantations in Taining. The fungal diversity in rhizosphere soil was higher at the natural forests than the plantations. The information gathered from this study provided a guideline for improved C. henryi cultivation management and plantation soil restoration.
- Castanea henryi /
- ectomycorrhizal fungi /
- fungal diversity /
- soil physicochemical properties

HTML全文

图 1 不同类型外生菌根形态学特征

A—C：土生空团菌；D—F：橙黄硬皮马勃；G：黄孢红菇；H：红菇属；I：绒盖牛肝菌属；J—K：乳菇。

Figure 1. Morphology of ECM fungi

A—C: Cenococcum geophilum; D—F: Scleroderma citrinum; G: Russula xerampelina; H: Russula sp.; I: Xerocomus sp.; J—K: Lactarius kesiyae.

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图 2 基于基因序列构建的锥栗外生菌根真菌系统进化树

Figure 2. Gene sequence-based phylogenetic tree of C. henryi ECM fungi

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图 3 锥栗外生菌根真菌优势度

Figure 3. Dominance of C. henryi ECM fungi

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图 4 锥栗外生菌根真菌侵染率

Figure 4. Infection rate of ECM ectomycorrhizal fungi on Castanea henryi roots

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表 1 不同采样地土壤理化性质

Table 1. Physiochemical properties of soil at sampling sites （单位：g·kg⁻¹）

采样地 Sampling plot	pH值 pH value	有机质含量 SOM content	全磷含量 TP content	全钾含量 TK content	全碳含量 TC content	全氮含量 TN content	含水量 SM content
RGLⅠ	4.26±0.40 b	29.99±4.25 b	0.10±0.03 c	6.19±2.44 b	15.73±3.08 b	1.31±0.13 b	202.66±22.75 b
RGLⅡ	4.55±0.12 ab	30.80±4.43 b	0.24±0.02 a	8.37±1.05 b	17.61±2.08 b	1.60±0.16 b	215.11±32.36 b
RGLⅢ	4.41±0.13 ab	32.75±3.86 b	0.20±0.04 ab	8.39±1.73 b	16.76±1.83 b	1.45±0.13 b	259.59±35.88 b
TRL	4.82±0.13 a	54.18±7.25 a	0.18±0.03 b	22.94±5.69 a	29.02±2.85 a	2.03±0.14 a	283.71±36.15 a
RGLⅠ、RGLⅡ、RGLⅢ代表人工林3个农家栽培锥栗品种，分别是油榛、白露仔、处暑红。TRL代表天然林中锥栗。同列数据后不同小写字母表示各采样地间差异达0.05显著水平（P＜0.05）。 RGLⅠ、RGLⅡ、RGLⅢ represent three farm cultivated varieties of Castanea henryi in plantation, which are oil hazelnut, bailuzi and chushuhong, respectively. TRL stands for Castanea henryi in natural forest. Values in the same column followed by the different lowercase letters are significantly different among different sampling plots at 0.05 level(P ＜ 0.05).

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表 2 锥栗外生菌根（ECM）真菌种类的相对频率、相对多度度和重要值

Table 2. Relative frequency, abundance, and importance index of ECM fungi in C. henry

物种数 Species No.	外生菌根真菌 EM Fungi	树种 Tree species				相对频率 RF/%	相对多度 RA/%	重要值 IA/%
物种数 Species No.	外生菌根真菌 EM Fungi	油榛 RGLⅠ	白露仔 RGLⅡ	处暑红 RGLⅢ	天然林 TRL	相对频率 RF/%	相对多度 RA/%	重要值 IA/%
1	土生空团菌 Cenococcum geophilum	+	+	+	+	24.39	15.86	20.12
2	橙黄硬皮马勃 Scleroderma citrinum	+	+	+	+	24.39	79.55	51.97
3	红菇属 Russula sp.	+	+	+	+	20.73	1.78	11.26
4	乳菇 Lactarius kesiyae	+	+	+	+	24.39	2.58	13.48
5	绒盖牛肝菌属 Xerocomus sp.	—	—	—	+	6.10	0.24	3.17
+表示真菌和锥栗有共生关系，—表示两者之间没有共生关系。 +: fungi and C. henryi with a symbiotic relationship; —: absence of a symbiotic relationship.

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表 3 天然林与人工林锥栗外生菌根真菌α多样性指数

Table 3. α diversity index of ECM fungi in natural C. henryi forests and at plantations

采样地 Sampling plot	α多样性指数 α diversity index
采样地 Sampling plot	多样性指数 Shannon	优势度指数 Simpson	均匀度指数 Pielou
RGLⅠ	1.33	0.73	0.96
RGLⅡ	1.39	0.75	1
RGLⅢ	1.39	0.75	1
TRL	1.61	0.8	1

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表 4 天然林与人工林锥栗外生菌根真菌相似性指数

Table 4. Similarity index of ECM fungi in natural C. henryi forests and at plantations

相似性指数（Jaccad)	RGLⅠ	RGLⅡ	RGLⅢ
RGLⅡ	1		1
RGLⅢ	1	1
TRL	0.89	0.89	0.89

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表 5 土壤理化性质与侵染率的Pearson相关系数

Table 5. Pearson correlation between soil physiochemical properties and colonization rate

环境因子 Environmental factors	土生空团菌 Cenococcum geophilum	橙黄硬皮马勃 Scleroderma citrinum	绒盖牛肝菌属 Xerocomus sp.	红菇属 Russula sp.	乳菇 Lactarius kesiyae
pH	0.593**	−0.346	0.580**	0.468*	−0.083
TK	0.890**	−0.766**	0.763**	0.687**	0.088
TP	0.034	−0.020	0.034	0.579**	−0.299
SM	0.605**	−0.529*	0.668**	0.588**	0.134
正负数值表示两者具有不同的相关性；正值表示呈正相关性，负值表示呈负相关性；表示显著相关（P＜0.05）；表示极显著相关（P＜0.01）。 Positive and negative values indicate positive correlation and reverse correlation, respectively; indicates significant correlation at P＜0.05; ** extremely significant correlation at P＜0.01.

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