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马尾松和米槠林下外生菌根真菌对宿主的选择性

张小慧 谢荣樟 张锦燕 满家银 孙代珍 邓宗杰 魏丽花 练春兰

张小慧,谢荣樟,张锦燕,等. 马尾松和米槠林下外生菌根真菌对宿主的选择性 [J]. 福建农业学报,2024,39(1):93−104 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.01.012
引用本文: 张小慧,谢荣樟,张锦燕,等. 马尾松和米槠林下外生菌根真菌对宿主的选择性 [J]. 福建农业学报,2024,39(1):93−104 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.01.012
ZHANG X H, XIE R Z, ZHANG J Y, et al. Host Selection of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi at Pinus massoniana and Castanopsis carlesii Forests [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2024,39(1):93−104 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.01.012
Citation: ZHANG X H, XIE R Z, ZHANG J Y, et al. Host Selection of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi at Pinus massoniana and Castanopsis carlesii Forests [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2024,39(1):93−104 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.01.012

马尾松和米槠林下外生菌根真菌对宿主的选择性

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.01.012
基金项目: 福建省自然科学基金项目(KJD21006A)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    张小慧(1999 —),女,硕士研究生,主要从事森林保护工程研究,E-mail:m15059255681@163.com

    通讯作者:

    练春兰(1965 —),女,博士,教授,主要从事森林保护工程研究,E-mail:chunlan@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp

  • 中图分类号: S714

Host Selection of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi at Pinus massoniana and Castanopsis carlesii Forests

  • 摘要:   目的  探究森林土壤中外生菌根真菌(Ectomycorrhizal fungi, ECMF)对宿主的选择性。  方法  采用不同的土壤菌源(马尾松土壤Pinus massoniana soil, PmS和米槠土壤Castanopsis carlesii soil, CcS),分别对马尾松(Pinus massoniana, Pm)和鳞苞锥(Castanopsis uraiana, Cu)进行接种试验(Pm-PmS、Pm-CcS、Cu-PmS、Cu-CcS)。培育6个月后,采用ITS进行菌根鉴定,检测并计算不同土壤菌源下马尾松和鳞苞锥根中ECM出现的频率、侵染率、相对丰度、相对频率、丰富度和多样性,并测定苗木生长指标以及土壤理化性质。  结果  米槠土壤pH值、全磷含量、全碳含量、有效磷含量显著高于马尾松土壤,且接种苗木后幼苗的地上干重和根长均显著高于马尾松土壤。两种土壤中共检测到19个OTUs的ECMF,分别属于7科和10属,Cenococum geophilumRhizopogon boninensisTomentella sp.2为两种土壤共有。马尾松林下土壤鉴定到的13种ECMF中,能侵染马尾松的有8种,能侵染鳞苞锥的有6种。米槠林下土壤鉴定到的9种ECMF中,能侵染马尾松的有4种,能侵染鳞苞锥的有7种。C. geophilumSebacina sp.2均能与马尾松和鳞苞锥建立共生关系;而Hyaloscyphaceae sp.、Lactarius inconspicuousRh. boninensisRh. flavidusTomentella sp.1、Tomentella sp.3和Tomentellopsis submollis只侵染马尾松;Athelia sp.、Amanita sp.、L. atrofuscusRussula minorRussula sp.、Sebacina sp.1、Thelephora sp.1、Thelephora sp.2和Tomentella sp.4只侵染鳞苞锥。马尾松土壤的ECMF丰富度指数(IV)、Shannon多样性指数()、Simpson优势度指数(D)高于米槠土壤;但马尾松土壤接种不同宿主植物后的Sorensen相似性指数(0.14)低于米槠土壤(0.36)。部分ECMF的侵染率与寄主的生理生态指标密切相关。  结论  ECM是经过长期与树种共同进化而建立的共生关系,因此马尾松土壤中的ECMF更倾向于侵染马尾松,而米槠土壤的ECMF更倾向于侵染同为壳斗科的鳞苞锥;马尾松林下土壤的ECMF相对于米槠土壤,对寄主植物选择性的更强。虽然土壤理化性质在一定程度上影响了侵染率,但是ECMF的定殖主要受宿主植物的影响。
  • 图  1  不同森林土壤处理的马尾松和鳞苞锥的生长状态

    Figure  1.  Growth of Pm and Cu under various soil treatments

    图  2  4种主要的外生菌根形态结构

    Figure  2.  Morphologies of 4 major types of ECM

    表  1  苗木接种前后土壤理化性质

    Table  1.   Soil physicochemical property before and after seedling inoculation

    时期
    Period
    处理
    Treatment
    pH值
    pH value
    全磷
    TP/(g·kg−1
    全钾
    TK/(g·kg−1
    有效磷
    AP/ (mg·kg−1
    有效钾
    AK/ (mg·kg−1
    全碳
    TC/(g·kg−1
    全氮
    TN/(g·kg−1
    移植前
    Pretransplant
    CcS 4.82±0.02a 0.85±0.03a 14.63±0.30a 32.67±0.65a 8.46±0.61a 22.37±0.47a 2.18±0.10a
    PmS 4.67±0.02b 0.54±0.05b 12.73±0.31a 15.38±0.71b 6.60±0.22a 17.74±0.05b 2.20±0.02a
    Pm移植后
    After Pm transplantation
    CcS 4.80±0.01a 0.82±0.01a 14.63±0.12a 33.78±0.32a 8.52±0.12a 21.83±0.16a 2.12±0.02a
    PmS 4.61±0.01b 0.52±0.01b 12.45±0.19a 15.17±0.04b 6.06±0.10a 17.62±0.02b 2.20±0.03a
    Cu移植后
    After Cu transplantation
    CcS 4.80±0.04a 0.82±0.01a 14.41±0.17a 33.86±0.29a 8.45±0.13a 22.01±0.24a 2.18±0.03a
    PmS 4.64±0.01b 0.52±0.01b 12.16±0.09a 15.75±0.11b 6.81±0.15a 17.61±0.02b 2.13±0.02a
    Pm代表马尾松;Cu代表鳞苞锥;CcS代表米槠土壤;PmS代表马尾松土壤;不同小写字母表示独立样本t检验显著性差异(P<0.05)。下同。
    Pm: P. massoniana; Cu: C. uraiana; CcS: C. carlesii forest soil; PmS: Pm forest soil. Data with different lowercase letters indicate significant difference in Student’s t-test (P<0.05). Same for all Tables and Figs.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同森林土壤处理的马尾松和鳞苞锥的生长指标

    Table  2.   Growth indexes of Pm and Cc under various soil treatments

    处理
    Treatment
    地上干重
    Shoot dry weight/g
    根干重
    Root dry weight/g
    根长
    Root length/cm
    根表面积
    Root surface area/cm2
    根体积
    Root volume/cm3
    根尖数
    Root tips/个
    Pm-PmS0.20±0.02b0.12±0.02a17.95±2.00b19.20±3.24b0.32±0.06a380±49.1b
    Pm-CcS0.62±0.05a0.14±0.01a36.50±2.27a33.60±2.72a0.38±0.03a570±37.9a
    Cu-PmS0.36±0.03b0.34±0.02a18.40±1.10b53.70±3.60a0.41±0.04a2399±152.0a
    Cu-CcS0.58±0.04a0.41±0.03a33.20±1.60a55.50±3.45a0.45±0.03a2755±201.0a
    Pm-PmS代表马尾松种植在马尾松土壤;Pm-CcS代表尾松种植在米槠土壤;Cu-PmS代表鳞苞锥种植在马尾松土壤;Cu-CcS代表鳞苞锥种植在米槠土壤。下同。
    Pm-PmS: Pm planted in PmS; Pm-CcS: Pm planted in CcS; Cu-PmS: Cu planted in PmS; Cu-CcS: Cu planted in CcS. Same for all Tables and Figs.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  马尾松和米槠林外生菌根真菌OTUs的鉴定

    Table  3.   ECMF OTUs in PmS and CcS

    序号
    No.
    OTUs属名
    Genus
    NCBI对比号
    NCBI comparison
    number
    序列长度/bp(相似度/%)
    Sequence length/bp
    (similarity/%)
    相对丰度(%)/相对频率(%)
    Ra(%)/Rf(%)
    Pm-PmS
    n=10)
    Cu-PmS
    n=15)
    Pm-CcS
    n=10)
    Cu-CcS
    n=15)
    1 Athelia sp. 阿太菌属
    Athelia
    AB831863 570/585 (97%) 1.99/9.09
    2 Amanita sp. 鹅膏属
    Amanita
    OK586725 525/578 (91%) 5.55/3.13
    3 Cenococcum geophilum 空团菌属
    Cenococcum
    KC967408 448/449 (99%) 1.25/20.69 12.50/42.42 4.53/22.99 22.83/46.88
    4 Hyaloscyphaceae sp. MT522555 476/481 (99%) 0.46/3.45
    5 Lactarius inconspicuous 乳菇属
    Lactarius
    KF433004 601/645 (93%) 27.35/26.44
    6 Lactarius atrofuscus MK351919 618/635 (97%) 0.26/1.56
    7 Rhizopogon boninensis 须腹菌属
    Rhizopogon
    MK395368 629/633 (99%) 31.78/37.93 9.49/18.39
    8 Rhizopogon flavidus KP893815 745/746 (99%) 7.82/3.45
    9 Russula minor 红菇属
    Russula
    NR_174896 593/593 (100%) 5.38/1.56
    10 Russula sp. MT522574 604/607 (99%) 7.80/9.09
    11 Sebacina sp.1 蜡耳壳属
    Sebacina
    LC553305 507/542 (94%) 7.44/6.06
    12 Sebacina sp.2 LC553304 531/537 (99%) 58.63/32.18 63.42/40.63
    13 Thelephora sp.1 革菌属
    Thelephora
    KM576617 558/593 (94%) 41.88/15.15
    14 Thelephora sp.2 HE814236 372/379 (98%) 0.14/3.13
    15 Tomentella sp.1 棉隔菌属
    Tomentella
    AB848650 572/578 (99%) 37.89/17.24
    16 Tomentella sp.2 HE814192 533/538 (99%) 3.61/6.90 2.42/3.13
    17 Tomentella sp.3 MT678909 581/583 (99%) 16.00/3.45
    18 Tomentella sp.4 JF273546 572/575 (99%) 28.40/18.18
    19 Tomentellopsis submollis Tomentellopsis JQ711898 609/639 (95%) 1.19/6.90
    “—”表示未被鉴定到。下同。
    “—” means not identified. Same for below.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  马尾松和米槠林下土壤中外生菌根真菌OTUs分类统计

    Table  4.   OTU classification of ECMF in PmS and CcS


    Phylum

    Class

    Order

    Family

    Genus
    OTUs
    PmSCcS
    担子菌门 Basidiomycota 伞菌纲 Agaricomycetes Boleales 须腹菌科 Rhizopogonaceae 须腹菌属 Rhizopogon 2 1
    革菌目 Thelephorales 革菌科 Thelephoraceae 棉隔菌属 Tomentella 4 1
    Tomentellopsis 1 0
    革菌属 Thelephora 1 1
    蜡耳壳目 Sebacinales 蜡耳壳科 Sebacinaceae 蜡耳壳属 Sebacina 1 1
    红菇目 Russulales 红菇科 Russulaceae 乳菇属 Lactarius 0 2
    红菇属 Russula 1 1
    阿太菌目 Atheliales 阿太菌科 Atheliaceae 阿太菌属 Athelia 1 0
    伞菌目 Agaricales 鹅膏菌科 Amanitaceae 鹅膏属 Amanita 0 1
    子囊菌门 Ascomycota 锤舌菌纲 Leotiomyceces 蜡钉菌目 Helotiales Hyalodyphaceae 1 0
    座囊菌纲 Dothideomycetes 贝壳菌目 Mytilinidiales 船壳菌科 Gloniaceae 空团菌属 Cenococcum 1 1
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  马尾松和米槠林下土壤处理不同宿主外生菌根真菌OTUs丰富度和多样性指数

    Table  5.   OTU richness and diversity of ECMF in PmS and CcS of different host plants

    处理
    Treatment
    ECMF丰富度
    ECMF richness
    多样性指数
    Shannon index
    优势度指数
    Sinpson index
    Pm-PmS131.720.77
    Cu-PmS1.600.77
    Pm-CcS91.260.68
    Cu-CcS1.170.60
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  马尾松和米槠林下土壤处理不同宿主中共有外生菌根真菌类群数量(上三角)和Sorensen指数(下三角)

    Table  6.   Number of common ECMF groups (upper triangle) and Sorensen index (lower triangle) in PmS and CcS of different host plants

    处理
    Treatment
    Pm-PmSCu-PmSPm-CcSCu-CcS
    Pm-PmS122
    Cu-PmS0.1411
    Pm-CcS0.330.202
    Cu-CcS0.270.150.36
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  马尾松林下土壤侵染马尾松和鳞苞锥幼苗的外生菌根真菌组成分析

    Table  7.   ECMF in PmS of infected Pm and Cu seedlings

    OTUs 属名
    Genus
    检测频率
    Detection frequency/%
    侵染率
    Infection rate/%
    Pm(n=10)Cu(n=15)Pm(n=10)Cu(n=15)
    Cenococcum geophilum空团菌属 Cenococcum 37.5 46.7 4.0 6.1
    Tomentella sp.1棉隔菌属 Tomentella 31.3 67.8
    Tomentella sp.2 12.5 41.5
    Tomentella sp.3 6.3 87.0
    Tomentella sp.4 20.0 30.0
    Rhizopogon boninensis须腹菌属 Rhizopogon 68.8 44.5
    Rhizopogon flavidus 6.3 38.0
    Tomentellopsis submollis Tomentellopsis 6.3 4.0
    Hyaloscyphaceae sp. 6.3 4.0
    Thelephora sp.1革菌属 Thelephora 16.7 48.1
    Sebacina sp.1蜡耳壳属 Sebacina 6.7 31.8
    Athelia sp.阿太菌属 Athelia 10.0 5.4
    Russula sp.红菇属 Russula 10.0 16.9
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8  米槠林下土壤侵染马尾松和鳞苞锥幼苗的外生菌根真菌组成分析

    Table  8.   ECMF in CcS of infected Pm and Cu seedlings

    属名
    Genus
    OTUs检测频率
    Detection frequency/%
    侵染率
    Infection rate/%
    Pm(n=10)Cu(n=15)Pm(n=10)Cu(n=15)
    空团菌属 Cenococcum Cenococcum geophilum 66.7 100.0 8.2 10.1
    蜡耳壳属 Sebacina Sebacina sp.2 93.3 86.7 54.9 31.4
    乳菇属 Lactarius Lactarius inconspicuous 76.7 32.2
    Lactarius atrofuscus 3.3 1.0
    须腹菌属 Rhizopogon Rhizopogon boninensis 50.0 18.1
    革菌属 Thelephora Thelephora sp.2 6.7 1.0
    棉隔菌属 Tomentella Tomentella sp.2 6.7 21.5
    鹅膏属 Amanita Amanita sp. 6.7 44.5
    红菇属 Russula Russula minor 3.3 65.4
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  9  外生菌根真菌侵染率与土壤理化性质的相关性分析

    Table  9.   Correlation between ECMF infection rate and soil physiochemical properties

    处理
    Treatment
    OTUspH值
    pH value
    全磷
    TP
    全钾
    TK
    有效磷
    AP
    有效钾
    AK
    全碳
    TC
    全氮
    TN
    Pm-PmSCenococcum geophilum0.6220.456−0.3880.5090.0180.275−0.469
    Rhizopogon boninensis−0.314−0.2150.166−0.0720.138−0.231−0.435
    Pm-CcsCenococcum geophilum0.284−0.079−0.125−0.189−0.1800.0500.330
    Rhizopogon boninensis−0.127−0.0290.2060.086−0.0890.1990.077
    Sebacina sp.2−0.022−0.0940.118−0.0900.2330.089−0.136
    Lactarius inconspicuous−0.1900.177−0.2090.271−0.256−0.0230.116
    Cu-PmSCenococcum geophilum−0.074−0.023−0.557*0.3780.1650.379−0.319
    Cu-CcsCenococcum geophilum0.0470.106−0.0270.074−0.0880.0040.234
    Sebacina sp.20.455*−0.1210.074−0.1340.0770.1540.232
    *表示相关在P<0.05水平显著。
    * indicates significant correlation at P<0.05.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  10  外生菌根真菌侵染率与苗木生长量的相关性分析

    Table  10.   Correlation between ECMF infection rate and seedling biomass

    处理
    Treatment
    OTUs地上干重
    Shoot dry weight
    根干重
    Root dry weight
    根长
    Root length
    根表面积
    Root surface area
    根体积
    Root volume
    根尖数
    Root tips
    Pm-PmSCenococcum geophilum−0.099−0.095−0.199−0.065−0.1500.150
    Rhizopogon boninensis−0.0680.0060.028−0.0530.0370.020
    Pm-CcsCenococcum geophilum−0.321−0.325−0.137−0.337−0.367−0.304
    Rhizopogon boninensis0.098−0.088−0.12−0.015−0.026−0.102
    Sebacina sp.2−0.149−0.027−0.324−0.043−0.0200.117
    Lactarius inconspicuous0.088−0.0380.3500.0030.045−0.139
    Cu-PmSCenococcum geophilum−0.687**−0.229−0.370−0.226−0.200−0.045
    Cu-CcsCenococcum geophilum0.056−0.047−0.074−0.0200.064−0.079
    Sebacina sp.20.1920.004−0.2750.1520.253−0.220
    **表示相关在P<0.01水平显著。
    ** indicates significant correlation at P<0.01.
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-09-07
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