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生物炭对林地土壤团聚体稳定性与肥料氮分布的影响

张伟婷 郭宇轩 魏圆慧 贾广昊 毛艳玲

张伟婷,郭宇轩,魏圆慧,等. 生物炭对林地土壤团聚体稳定性与肥料氮分布的影响 [J]. 福建农业学报,2024,39(3):345−353 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.03.012
引用本文: 张伟婷,郭宇轩,魏圆慧,等. 生物炭对林地土壤团聚体稳定性与肥料氮分布的影响 [J]. 福建农业学报,2024,39(3):345−353 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.03.012
ZHANG W T, GUO Y X, WEI Y H, et al. Effect of Biochar Application on Aggregate Stability and Nitrogen Fertilizer Distribution of Forestland Soil [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2024,39(3):345−353 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.03.012
Citation: ZHANG W T, GUO Y X, WEI Y H, et al. Effect of Biochar Application on Aggregate Stability and Nitrogen Fertilizer Distribution of Forestland Soil [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2024,39(3):345−353 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.03.012

生物炭对林地土壤团聚体稳定性与肥料氮分布的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.03.012
基金项目: 福建省财政厅项目(闽财指〔2022〕639号);中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(闽〔2023〕TG25号);福建农林大学科技创新专项基金项目(KFB23119A)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    张伟婷(2000 —),女,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤碳氮循环研究,E-mail:weitingz00@163.com

    通讯作者:

    毛艳玲(1970 —),女,博士,教授,主要从事土壤碳氮循环研究,E-mail:fafum@126.com

  • 中图分类号: S156.6

Effect of Biochar Application on Aggregate Stability and Nitrogen Fertilizer Distribution of Forestland Soil

  • 摘要:   目的  林地土壤抗侵蚀能力、渗透性及保水性与土壤团聚体结构稳定性紧密相关,氮素的固持与分布直接影响林下植被生长与林地土壤团聚体形成。研究生物炭添加对林地土壤结构稳定性与残留氮素分配的影响,可为增强林地土壤团聚体稳定性、提高土壤氮素固持水平提供参考。  方法  利用福建省林地土壤进行盆栽试验(1 年),设置4 个处理:对照(CK)、化肥(F)、木炭+化肥(MC)、秸秆炭+化肥(JC),除CK外,化肥及生物炭处理均每盆施用尿素1 g、过磷酸钙2.19 g、氯化钾0.44 g,追肥15N-尿素,共追施5 g,生物炭施用量为每盆140 g。测定不同处理土壤团聚体组成、团聚体稳定性指标、团聚体氮素含量与分布,结合15N示踪技术分析肥料氮在土壤团聚体内的残留特点,揭示生物炭对林地土壤团聚体稳定性与氮素分配的影响。  结果  (1)与F处理相比,MC与JC处理显著提高了土壤大团聚体含量,其中>2 mm土壤团聚体增幅最大,分别增长了108.92%与119.11%;(2)施用生物炭增强了土壤团聚体稳定性,MC与JC处理平均重量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)及>0.25 mm大团聚体含量(R>0.25 mm)较F处理均显著提升,分形维数值(D)显著下降,JC处理土壤团聚体稳定性优于MC处理;(3)施用生物炭提高了不同粒径土壤团聚体中全氮含量,MC处理土壤全氮总量高于JC处理,二者的>2 mm团聚体氮素贡献率较F处理分别显著增加了38.09%与69.10%;(4)施用生物炭使>0.25~2 mm粒级团聚体δ15N富集,MC与JC处理土壤肥料氮残留量以>0.25 mm粒级最多,较F处理显著增加了2.25 倍与3.89 倍,土壤大团聚体中氮肥残留量与团聚体稳定性呈显著正相关。  结论  施用生物炭有利于增强林地土壤团聚体稳定性,减少土壤氮素与肥料淋失,肥料氮在大团聚体中的固持高于微团聚体,秸秆炭对土壤团聚体稳定性提升效果更显著,木炭施用更有利于土壤氮素含量增加。
  • 图  1  生物炭对土壤团聚体全氮含量的影响

    同一粒径土壤团聚体不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。

    Figure  1.  Effect of biochar addition on total nitrogen content in soil aggregates

    Data on same particle size with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at P<0.05. Same for below.

    图  2  生物炭对土壤团聚体全氮相对贡献率的影响

    Figure  2.  Effect of biochar addition on relative contribution rate of total nitrogen in soil by aggregates

    图  3  生物炭对土壤团聚体δ15N含量的影响

    Figure  3.  Effect of biochar addition on δ15N in soil aggregates

    图  4  生物炭对土壤团聚体中肥料氮残留量的影响

    Figure  4.  Effect of biochar addition on nitrogen retention of soil aggregates

    图  5  生物炭对土壤团聚体残留氮肥相对贡献率的影响

    Figure  5.  Effect of biochar addition on relative contribution rate of soil nitrogen retention by aggregates

    图  6  土壤团聚体稳定性与肥料氮残留量RDA分析

    Figure  6.  RDA on aggregate stability and nitrogen retention of soil

    表  1  不同处理肥料施用量

    Table  1.   Fertilizer applications for various treatments

    处理
    Treatment
    每盆土壤肥料投入量 Fertilizer input per pot of soil/g
    追肥
    After manuring
    基肥
    Base fertilizer
    15N-尿素
    15N(10.10%)
    尿素
    N(46%)
    过磷酸钙
    P2O5 (12%)
    氯化钾
    KCl(60%)
    木炭
    Wood biochar
    秸秆炭
    Straw biochar
    对照CK000000
    化肥F512.190.4400
    木炭+化肥MC512.190.441400
    水稻秸秆炭+化肥JC512.190.440140
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  生物炭对土壤各粒级团聚体分布的影响

    Table  2.   Effect of biochar addition on soil aggregate distribution

    处理
    Treatment
    不同粒级土壤团聚体含量
    Soil aggregate content/%
    >2 mm >0.25~2 mm >0.053~0.25 mm ≤0.053 mm
    CK 1.30±0.47c 51.64±0.91c 12.45±0.68a 34.61±1.15a
    F 3.14±0.73b 53.22±0.51c 11.25±0.27ab 32.39±0.75a
    MC 6.56±0.66a 57.49±0.48b 10.46±0.75b 25.49±0.66b
    JC 6.88±0.39a 60.77±0.33a 10.11±1.27b 22.24±1.22c
    表中数值为平均值±标准差。同列数据后不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。
    Data are mean±SD; those with different lowercase letters on same column indicate significant differences at P<0.05. Same for below.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  生物炭对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响

    Table  3.   Effect of biochar addition on soil aggregate stability

    处理
    Treatment
    平均重量
    直径
    MWD/mm
    几何平均
    直径
    GMD/mm
    >0.25 mm大团聚
    体含量
    R>0.25 mm/%
    分形维数
    D
    CK 0.69±0.04c 0.24±0.01c 52.94±0.45d 2.78±0.03a
    F 0.81±0.05b 0.28±0.04c 56.36±0.22c 2.77±0.05a
    MC 1.06±0.05a 0.39±0.01b 64.05±1.14b 2.72±0.16b
    JC 1.12±0.03a 0.45±0.02a 67.65±0.72a 2.69±0.23b
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2023-12-19
  • 修回日期:  2024-02-18
  • 网络出版日期:  2024-04-03
  • 刊出日期:  2024-03-28

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