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粉垄耕作与绿肥还田对土壤酶活性和甘蔗产量的影响

周灵芝 黄渝岚 周佳 劳承英 申章佑 李艳英 韦本辉 张宪 王锋 李素平

周灵芝,黄渝岚,周佳,等. 粉垄耕作与绿肥还田对土壤酶活性和甘蔗产量的影响 [J]. 福建农业学报,2024,39(4):409−417 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.04.005
引用本文: 周灵芝,黄渝岚,周佳,等. 粉垄耕作与绿肥还田对土壤酶活性和甘蔗产量的影响 [J]. 福建农业学报,2024,39(4):409−417 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.04.005
ZHOU L Z, HUANG Y L, ZHOU J, et al. Advantages of Fenlong Tillage and Green Manure Use on Soil Enzyme Activity and Sugarcane Yield [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2024,39(4):409−417 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.04.005
Citation: ZHOU L Z, HUANG Y L, ZHOU J, et al. Advantages of Fenlong Tillage and Green Manure Use on Soil Enzyme Activity and Sugarcane Yield [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2024,39(4):409−417 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.04.005

粉垄耕作与绿肥还田对土壤酶活性和甘蔗产量的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.04.005
基金项目: 广西科技重大专项(桂科AA20302020-1);广西自然科学基金项目(2022GXNSFAA035518) ;广西农业科学院稳定资助科研团队项目(桂农科 2021YT056)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    周灵芝(1979 —),女,硕士,高级农艺师,主要从事粉垄耕作与栽培技术研究,E-mail:59810551@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    韦本辉(1954 —),男,研究员,主要从事粉垄耕作与栽培技术研究,E-mail:weibenhui@126.com

  • 中图分类号: S142; S341

Advantages of Fenlong Tillage and Green Manure Use on Soil Enzyme Activity and Sugarcane Yield

  • 摘要:   目的  探明不同耕作和绿肥还田方式对长期连作蔗地土壤养分、酶活性和甘蔗产量的影响。  方法  采用随机区组设计,设置4个处理:传统旋耕甘蔗单作(TCK)、粉垄耕作甘蔗单作(FLCK)、粉垄耕作甘蔗/大豆还田甘蔗根部(FLG)和大豆还田宽行(FLK)。测定土壤有机质、速效养分含量和脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性及甘蔗产量品质。  结果  (1)耕作方式和绿肥还田对土壤养分和酶活性影响显著。与TCK相比,所有处理的根部和宽行土壤有机质含量显著提高(P<0.05),增幅40.6%~76.7%。FLG、FLK和FLCK处理根部土壤碱解氮和有效磷含量比TCK显著提高,增幅16.1%~41.8%。(2)所有处理的土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性比TCK提高(FLG处理宽行土壤脲酶活性除外)0.7%~166.7%。(3)FLG、FLK和FLCK处理的2年平均产量显著高于TCK,增幅13.1%~30.5%;FLG和FLK处理的2年平均产量显著高于FLCK,增幅9.9%~15.3%;其中以FLG处理平均产量最高,为86 043 kg·hm−2。FLG、FLK和FLCK处理的蔗糖分、锤度、重力纯度、视纯度和转光度均比TCK高。(4)甘蔗产量与土壤脲酶活性显著正相关,与土壤蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性、有机质、碱解氮和有效磷含量极显著正相关。  结论  利用粉垄耕作结合绿肥还田可以提高连作蔗地土壤养分、土壤酶活性和甘蔗产质量;结合田间操作的便捷性,本地区生产推荐应用粉垄耕作结合绿肥还田到宽行的模式。
  • 图  1  各处理田间设计

    Figure  1.  Design of field experiment

    图  2  不同处理对甘蔗产量性状的影响

    不同小写字母代表处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

    Figure  2.  Effects of treatments on sugarcane yield traits

    Data with different lowercase letters on top of a column represent significant differences at P<0.05.

    表  1  不同处理对土壤理化性状的影响

    Table  1.   Effects of treatments on soil physicochemical properties

    处理
    Treatment
    有机质
    SOM/(g·kg−1)
    pH 碱解氮
    AN/(mg·kg−1)
    有效磷
    AP/(mg·kg−1)
    速效钾
    AK/(mg·kg1)
    容重
    BD/(g·cm-3)
    孔隙度
    Porosity/%
    含水量
    Water content/%
    TCK 根部 18.41±0.63d 3.93±0.01c 88.02±5.52e 51.46±2.30c 92.90±2.10cd 1.31±0.03bc 50.56±1.30de 16.51±0.26de
    FLCK 28.70±1.26ab 4.03±0.01a 114.00±2.51c 59.73±1.61b 85.76±4.55e 1.24±0.02de 53.21±0.99bc 17.20±0.23c
    FLG 31.24±2.71a 3.95±0.07bc 124.79±4.86a 72.48±0.90a 99.71±0.92b 1.16±0.03f 56.22±1.13a 18.85±0.25a
    FLK 29.81±1.67ab 3.92±0.04c 115.67±1.94bc 62.24±1.16b 93.79±1.41cd 1.13±0.06f 57.23±2.45a 17.87±0.45b
    TCK 宽行 17.36±0.74d 4.03±0.01a 98.98±6.12d 50.56±2.81c 91.15±3.56d 1.38±0.04a 47.92±1.72f 14.96±0.03f
    FLCK 24.40±1.18c 4.02±0.01a 102.70±0.87d 51.88±2.28c 96.92±0.92bc 1.34±0.01ab 49.30±0.43ef 15.29±0.33f
    FLG 28.16±1.99b 4.04±0.01a 106.44±0.77d 50.83±1.49c 94.89±2.17cd 1.26±0.02cd 52.45±0.99cd 16.24±0.26e
    FLK 30.67±1.41ab 4.00±0.01ab 122.63±6.44ab 71.70±0.65a 111.77±1.51a 1.19±0.01ef 55.09±0.65ab 16.81±0.31cd
    耕作 Tillage 0.042* 0.127 0.001** 0.000** 0.000** 0.005** 0.005** 0.000**
    绿肥 Green manure 0.008** 0.55 0.000** 0.000** 0.000** 0.007** 0.007** 0.000**
    耕作×绿肥 Tillage×green manure 0.078 0.71 0.042* 0.000** 0.031* 0.057 0.057 0.657
    同一个指标根部和宽行数据后面不同字母表示处理间差异在0.05水平上显著;*、**分别表示在0.05、0.01水平显著。
    Different lowercase letters in the same testing index indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.* and ** indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level and P<0.01 level.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同处理对土壤酶活性的影响

    Table  2.   Effects of treatments on soil enzyme activities (单位:mg·g−1·d−1

    处理 Treatment 脲酶 UE 蔗糖酶 SC 酸性磷酸酶 ACP 过氧化氢酶 CAT
    TCK 根部 1.40±0.00def 2.64±0.12g 1.64±0.06c 108.70±5.91f
    FLCK 1.49±0.02c 3.89±0.24e 2.13±0.05b 146.47±4.79bc
    FLG 1.84±0.02a 7.04±0.18a 2.76±0.17a 158.33±1.05a
    FLK 1.47±0.04cd 4.39±0.18d 2.24±0.10b 150.32±2.40ab
    TCK 宽行 1.39±0.02ef 2.59±0.15g 1.45±0.07d 119.93±5.10e
    FLCK 1.46±0.01cde 3.45±0.22f 1.46±0.01d 124.09±1.44e
    FLG 1.34±0.07f 4.96±0.19c 2.18±0.16b 135.74±3.31d
    FLK 1.63±0.04b 6.44±0.16b 2.26±0.01b 138.52±8.59cd
    耕作 Tillage 0.000** 0.087 0.000** 0.000**
    绿肥 Green manure 0.000** 0.000** 0.000** 0.005**
    耕作*绿肥 Tillage*green manure 0.011* 0.874 0.961 0.444
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  不同处理对甘蔗品质的影响

    Table  3.   Effects of treatments on quality of sugarcane

    年份
    Year
    处理
    Treatment
    甘蔗蔗糖分
    Sucrose content
    in cane/%
    纤维分
    Fiber
    content/%
    锤度
    Brix/(°)
    蔗汁蔗糖分
    Sucrose content
    in cane juice/%
    重力纯度
    Gravity
    purity/%
    还原糖分
    Reducing sugar
    content/%
    视纯度
    Apparent
    purity/%
    转光度
    Pol/%
    2021 TCK 12.88±0.18 c 10.67±0.31 a 18.10±0.01 c 15.39±0.13 c 85.00±0.64 c 0.52±0.06 a 84.53±0.51 c 15.31±0.15 c
    FLCK 14.29±0.01 a 10.51±0.22 a 19.43±0.13 a 17.04±0.13 a 87.80±0.34 a 0.35±0.00 bc 87.67±0.04 a 17.01±0.01 a
    FLG 13.78±0.24 b 10.94±0.39 a 19.02±0.12 b 16.53±0.14 b 86.93±1.02 ab 0.28±0.10 c 86.36±1.25 ab 16.42±0.21 b
    FLK 13.72±0.04 b 10.85±0.20 a 18.95±0.05 b 16.36±0.05 b 86.33±0.71 bc 0.43±0.03 ab 85.46±0.65 bc 16.19±0.04 b
    2022 TCK 14.03±0.06 b 10.54±0.26 b 19.28±0.28 b 16.54±0.07 b 85.81±1.04 b 0.36±0.02 b 86.44±1.04 c 16.66±0.04 b
    FLCK 14.92±0.30 a 11.46±0.28 a 19.80±0.66 ab 17.93±0.58 a 90.54±0.16 a 0.32±0.02 c 90.51±0.19 a 17.92±0.57 a
    FLG 15.22±0.30 a 12.03±0.36 a 20.24±0.28 a 18.37±0.19 a 90.79±0.27 a 0.33±0.02 bc 91.36±0.42 a 18.48±0.17 a
    FLK 14.83±0.26 a 11.54±0.30 a 20.10±0.39 ab 17.81±0.32 a 88.56±0.78 b 0.45±0.00 a 88.78±0.87 b 17.85±0.59 a
    平均 Average TCK 13.46±0.15 c 10.61±0.06 c 18.69±0.19 b 15.97±0.04 c 85.41±0.62 c 0.44±0.05 a 85.49±0.83 c 15.99±0.04 c
    FLCK 14.61±0.13 a 10.99±0.23 b 19.62±0.22 a 17.49±0.17 a 89.17±0.06 a 0.34±0.01 b 89.09±0.11 a 17.47±0.27 a
    FLG 14.50±0.15 ab 11.49±0.25 a 19.63±0.38 a 17.45±0.34 a 88.86±0.25 a 0.31±0.01 b 88.86±0.12 a 17.45±0.29 a
    FLK 14.28±0.06 b 11.20±0.05 ab 19.53±0.13 a 17.09±0.03 b 87.45±0.84 b 0.44±0.02 a 87.12±0.77 b 17.02±0.06 b
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  土壤酶活性、理化性状与产量及其构成因素的Pearson相关性分析

    Table  4.   Pearson correlation between soil enzyme activity, physicochemical properties, sugarcane yield and yield factors

    项目
    Item
    株高
    Plant
    height
    茎径
    Stem
    diameter
    有效茎数
    Effective
    stem
    产量
    Yield
    脲酶 UE 0.143 −0.006 0.579* 0.706*
    蔗糖酶 SC 0.292 0.014 0.649* 0.819**
    酸性磷酸酶 ACP 0.426 0.2 0.693* 0.894**
    过氧化氢酶 CAT 0.633* 0.036 0.753** 0.879**
    有机质 SOM 0.649* 0.114 0.596* 0.868**
    pH 0.358 −0.071 0.203 0.019
    碱解氮 AN 0.592* −0.011 0.738** 0.851**
    有效磷 AP 0.35 0.086 0.701* 0.870**
    速效钾 AK −0.244 −0.004 0.108 0.493
    容重 BD −0.558 −0.179 −0.094 −0.958*
    孔隙度 Porosity 0.570 0.186 0.104 0.962*
    含水量 Water content 0.823 0.171 0.203 0.962*
    *、**分别表示在0.05、0.01水平显著。
    * and ** indicate significant differences at P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively.
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2023-10-18
  • 修回日期:  2024-01-18
  • 网络出版日期:  2024-05-08
  • 刊出日期:  2024-04-28

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