Change characteristics and influencing factors of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in plantations in the hilly areas of North China
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摘要:
目的 土壤微生物是土壤中重要的存在，其含量可以及时准确地反映土壤质量。 方法 在河南省济源市黄河小浪底生态系统定位站内选择3种人工纯林，包括刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia）林、栓皮栎（Quercus variabilis）林和侧柏（Platyclodus orientalis）林，采集未分解枯落物层（L层）、半分解/腐殖化枯落物层（F/H层）以及矿质土层（0～10、10～20 cm）的土壤样品，测定微生物生物量碳（Microbial biomass carbon，MBC）、微生物生物量氮（Microbial biomass nitrogen，MBN）、MBC/MBN以及枯落物层和土壤层总碳、总氮、可溶性有机碳和可溶性有机氮，研究探讨土壤微生物生物量（Soil microbial biomass，SMB）与树种、土深的关系及其机理。 结果 （1）在枯落物层，3种林型的TC最高值均出现在F/H层，而TN的最高值则均出现在L层；3种林型TC和TN均表现为F/H层＞L层＞0～10 cm、0～20 cm土层，差异显著（P＜0.05）。3种林型的DOC表现为枯落物层高于矿质土壤层，DON为矿质土壤层高于枯落物层。枯落物层3种林分之间的DOC含量均表现为栓皮栎林显著高于刺槐林，二者与侧柏林之间差异不显著（P＞0.05）。（2）在枯落物层，3种林型的MBC均表现为F/H层高于L层，为刺槐林＞栓皮栎林＞侧柏林。在矿质土层中，3种林型的MBC均为0～10 cm高于10～20 cm土层，表现为栓皮栎林＞刺槐林＞侧柏林，同一土层的刺槐林和栓皮栎林之间差异不显著（P＞0.05）。枯落物层及矿质土层的MBN均表现为栓皮栎林＞刺槐林＞侧柏林。栓皮栎林在各个土层中均是MBN最高的树种，且与侧柏林之间差异显著（P＜0.05）。（3）L和F/H层的MBC/MBN比值相差不大，而在矿质土层中，随土深增加MBC/MBN呈上升趋势。在矿质土层，3种林型MBC/MBN均表现为10～20 cm显著高于0～10 cm；在0～10 cm，3种林型之间差异不显著（P＞0.05），在10～20 cm，刺槐林显著高于侧柏林（P＞0.05），而与栓皮栎林之间差异不显著（P＜0.05）。（4）相关性分析表明，3种林型的MBC均与总碳、总氮呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01），其中栓皮栎林MBC与总碳的相关系数最大，为0.959。刺槐林和栓皮栎林的C/N与总碳、总氮呈负相关，而侧柏林的C/N则与总碳、总氮呈正相关，相关系数分别为0.512和0.524。 结论 在华北低丘陵山区种植栓皮栎对土壤的生态恢复效果较好，更有利于生态系统的碳氮循环。 Abstract: :Objective Soil microorganism is an important existence in soil, and their content can reflect soil quality timely and accurately. Method In this study, three kinds of artificial pure forests, including Robinia pseudoacacia forest, Quercus variabilis forest, and Platyclodus orientalis forest were selected in the Xiaolangdi ecosystem positioning station of the Yellow River in Jiyuan City, Henan Province. Soil samples of undecomposed litter layer (L layer), semi-decomposed/humic litter layer (F/H layer), and mineral soil layers (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm) were collected, and Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and Microbial biomass nitrogen (microbial biomass nitrogen, MBN), the ratio of microbial biomass carbon to nitrogen MBC/MBN and physical and chemical properties, the relationship between Soil microbial biomass (SMB) and tree species and soil depth and its mechanism were studied. Result The results show that: (1) In the litter layer, the highest values of TC of all three forest types appeared in the F/H layer, while the highest values of TN appeared in the L layer; the TC and TN of all three forest types showed that the F/H layer＞L layer＞0～10 cm and 0～20 cm soil layer, and the differences were significant (P＜0.05).The DOC of all three forest types was higher than that of the soil layer in the litter layer, and the DON was higher than that of the litter layer in the soil layer. The DOC content of the three forest types in the litter layer was significantly higher in the cork oak forest than in the acacia forest, and the difference between the two and the sapwood forest was not significant (P＞0.05). (2) In the litter layer, the MBC of all three forest types was higher in the F/H layer than in the L layer, and was acacia forest ＞ cork oak forest ＞ lateral forest. In the mineral soil layer, the MBC of all three forest types was higher in the 0-10 cm than in the 10-20 cm soil layer, as cork oak forest ＞ acacia forest ＞ lateral forest, and the difference between acacia forest and cork oak forest in the same soil layer was not significant (P＞0.05). MBN in both the litter layer and the soil layer showed cork oak forest ＞ acacia forest ＞ lateral forest. The cork oak forest was the highest MBN species in all soil layers and the difference was significant (P＜0.05) between it and the sapling forest. (3) The MBC/MBN ratios in the L and F/H horizons did not differ significantly, whereas in the mineral soil layer, the MBC/MBN tended to increase with increasing soil depth. In the mineral soil layer, the MBC/MBN of all three forest types were significantly higher at 10-20 cm than at 0-10 cm; at 0-10 cm, the differences among the three forest types were not significant (P＞0.05), and at 10-20 cm, acacia forests were significantly higher than sapodilla forests (P＞0.05), whereas the differences with cork oak forests were not significant (P＜0.05). (4) Correlation analysis showed that the MBC of all three forest types was highly significantly and positively correlated with total carbon and total nitrogen. The correlation coefficient between MBC and the total carbon of Quercus variabilis was the largest, with a value of 0.959. The C/N ratios of Robinia pseudoacacia and Quercus variabilis were negatively correlated with total carbon and total nitrogen, while the C/N ratios of Platyclodus orientalis were positively correlated with total carbon and total nitrogen, with correlation coefficients of 0.512 and 0.524, respectively. Conclusion In summary, planting Quercus variabilis in the low hilly mountains of North China has a better ecological restoration effect on the soil and is more conducive to the carbon and nitrogen cycle of the ecosystem. -
Key words:
- Microbial biomass /
- Microbial biomass carbon /
- Microbial biomass nitrogen /
- C/N ratio /
- Plantation /
- Soil layer
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图 1 不同林分及土层/枯落物曾总碳、总氮、可溶性有机碳和可溶性有机氮的变化特征
不同小写字母表示不同林型同一土层/枯落物层之间差异显著（P＜0.05），不同大写字母表示同一林型不同土层/枯落物层之间差异显著（P＜0.05），下同。
Figure 1. Characteristics of changes in total carbon, total nitrogen, soluble organic carbon and soluble organic nitrogen
Do not share a lowercase letter means the significant difference between different forest types and the same soil layer/litter layer (P ＜ 0.05). Do not share a uppercase letter means the significant difference between different soil layers/litter layers in the same forest type (P ＜ 0.05).
图 2 不同林型枯落物层及土壤层的微生物生物量碳
Figure 2. Microbial biomass carbon in litter layer and soil layer of different forest types
图 3 不同林型枯落物层及土壤层的微生物生物量氮
Figure 3. Microbial biomass nitrogen in litter layer and soil layer of different forest types
图 4 不同林型枯落物层及土壤层的微生物生物量碳氮比
Figure 4. C/N Ratio of microbial biomass in litter layer and soil layer of different forest types
表 1 样地基本情况
Table 1. The basic situation of samples plots
林型
Forest type林龄
Stand age/a坡向
aspect坡度
Slope/（°）平均树高
Mean tree height/m平均胸径
Mean breast diameter/cm林分密度
Stand density/（株·hm−2）郁闭度
Canopy density刺槐纯林R 45 南坡 20 9.66±0.57 11.35±0.67 1800±100 0.82±0.02 栓皮栎纯林Q 43 南坡 23 8.75±0.25 10.78±0.30 1900±100 0.86±0.06 侧柏纯林P 42 北坡 22 9.86±0.16 10.64±0.52 2900±100 0.90±0.04 
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表 2 土壤微生物生物量碳、氮及其比值与理化性质相关性分析
Table 2. Correlation analysis of soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and their ratio with physical and chemical properties
林型
Forest type指标
Index总碳
Total
carbon总氮
Total
nitrogen可溶性
有机碳
Soluble
organic
carbon可溶性
有机氮
Soluble
organic
nitrogen刺槐林R MBC 0.941** 0.957** 0.169 0.120 MBN 0.750** 0.750** 0.389 0.142 MBC/MBN −0.255 −0.254 −0.594* 0.011 栓皮栎林Q MBC 0.959** 0.950** 0.321 0.293 MBN 0.778** 0.744** 0.450 0.442 MBC/MBN −0.307 −0.279 −0.607* −0.381 侧柏林P MBC 0.912** 0.892** −0.043 −0.095 MBN 0.681* 0.655* −0.228 0.188 MBC/MBN 0.512 0.524 0.425 −0.630* *表示在P＜0.05水平上呈显著相关，**表示在P＜0.01水平上呈极显著相关。
*indicate different significance at P ＜ 0.05, **indicate different extremely significance at P ＜ 0.01.
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