Agronomic Characteristics and Financial Return of 3-Year Sugarcane Ratooning
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摘要:
目的 探究种茎直接补种对宿根蔗3年延长年限农艺性状及产量的影响,为进一步推广甘蔗种茎直接补种延长宿根年限新技术提供依据。 方法 选取广西蔗区3个主栽品种桂柳2号(GL2)、桂糖44号(GT44)和粤糖00236(YT236)的第3年宿根蔗(即种植第4年)作为被补种群体,利用桂辐98-296 (GF296)种茎对其栽种地块的缺株断垄蔗畦进行直接补种处理,以未补种群体为各自对照(CK),在宿根第3年、第4年、第5年的收获期,分别测定补种和未补种处理甘蔗的重要农艺性状和蔗糖分,并计算经济效益。 结果 桂柳2号(GL2)、桂糖44号(GT44)和粤糖00236(YT236)经补种的群体有效茎数目显著高于未补种处理群体(CK);补种处理中的GL2群体、GT44群体和YT236群体和它们相对应的CK产量均随宿根年限延长而减少,经补种后的群体产量随宿根年限延长而增加,宿根蔗原种GL2、GT44、YT236与它们的对照群体相比,在不同宿根年份间的株高、茎径和单茎重等指标也存在差异。未经补种的GL2、GT44和YT236群体的有效茎数目与宿根年限呈极显著负相关,分别为−0.907、−0.931、−0.756;产量同样与宿根年限的呈极显著负相关,分别为−0.915、−0.905、−0.930;试验结果表明3个品种经补种后,宿根年限与产量和有效茎数目不再呈现负相关性,表明补种后甘蔗宿根年限能够延长;同时经补种后GL2、GT44和YT236群体的经济效益也有所增加,它们的3年宿根时期总计增加净收入分别为 48120.80 、46765.80 、42398.60 元·hm−2。结论 GF296种茎直接补种能有效延长3年宿根年限,显著增加被补种群体的经济效益,适宜大面积推广。该研究结果为构建高产和稳产群体、发挥甘蔗宿根潜力、实现稳产高产栽培提供理论依据。 Abstract:Objective Effects of extending the conventional two-year sugarcane ratooning on the agronomy, yield, and economics of the 3rd year crop were analyzed. Method On ridge and furrow beds, 3 major sugarcane varieties cultivated in Guangxi Province, Guiliu 2 (GL2), Guitang 44 (GT44), and Yuetang 00236 (YT236), were grown conventionally as control. In the 3rd year of the experiment, GF296 sugarcane stems started from seeds were used to fill in the areas where 2nd year ratoons of the 3 chosen varieties of sugarcane did not sprout in the spring following the replanting. Major agronomic characteristics and sucrose content of all harvested crops in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th year were determined for a comparative economic evaluation. Result The number of effective stems of replanted population of GL2, GT44, and YT236 was significantly higher than that of non-replanted population (CK). The yield of GL2, GT44, and YT236 populations as well as their corresponding CK populations decreased with the extended rooting years but increased with the extension of the ratoon years. Comparing the ratoon sugarcane varieties GL2, GT44, and YT236 with their respective control groups, it was found that there were differences in measurements on plant height, stem diameter, and weight per stem across various ratoon years. The number of effective stems of GL2, GT44, and YT236 without replanting significantly inversely correlated with the years of ratooning, which were -0.907, -0.931, and -0.756, respectively, so was the yield, which were −0.915, −0.905, and −0.930, respectively. The years of ratooning of the three varieties did not correlate with the yield, nor the number of effective stems after replanting. It suggested that the ratooning of sugarcane could be prolonged after replanting. Furthermore, after replanting, the financial returns of GL2, GT44, and YT236 were also raised with the increased total net incomes of 48,120.80 yuan·hm−2, 46,765.80 yuan·hm−2, and 42,398.60 yuan·hm−2, respectively. Conclusion Direct replanting GF296 seed stems could effectively extend for 3 years of ratooning. It significantly increased the economic benefits for the farming while producing high-yield, stable sugarcane crops. -
Key words:
- Planting with seed stem /
- sugarcane ratooning /
- ratoon age /
- yield /
- economic benefit
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表 1 桂辐98-296种茎直接补种桂柳2号重要农艺性状及其产量
Table 1. Agronomic characteristics and yield of GL2 with replacement GF296 seed stems
种植年份
Planting
year处理
Treatments品种
Variety有效茎数
Effective stem number/
(株·hm−2 )茎径
Stem
diameter/cm株高
Plant
height/cm单茎重
Stem
weight/kg蔗茎产量
Yield/
(kg·hm−2)蔗糖分
Sucrose
content/%宿根第2年
The 2nd year ratoon对照 CK 桂柳2号 54263 ±1492 ab2.50±0.04 b 293.67±9.69 c 1.49±0.03 a 80.85±5.15 ab 15.03±0.47 a 宿根第3年
The 3rd year ratoon对照 CK 桂柳2号 44237 ±1553 b2.51±0.03 ab 289.67±9.07 cd 1.48±0.03 a 65.69±3.35 b 14.99±0.36 a 补种处理
Replanting桂柳2号 43702 ±2514 b2.53±0.02 ab 305.67±8.02 ab 1.52±0.02 a 66.63±4.44 b 15.16±0.22 a 桂辐98-296 16767 ±1000 e2.45±0.01 b 314.67±5.03 ab 1.47±0.06 a 24.53±0.52 e 14.87±0.32 a 合计 60469 ±1539 a2.53±0.02 ab 297.33±8.74 bcd 1.51±0.03 a 91.16±3.96 a 15.33±0.31 a 宿根第4年
The 4th year ratoon对照 CK 桂柳2号 29576 ±3845 d2.46±0.03 b 290.00±9.54 cd 1.45±0.03 a 42.92±4.9 d 15.16±0.34 a 补种处理
Replanting桂柳2号 28655 ±2292 d2.50±0.01 b 299.67±10.02 bcd 1.37±0.15 c 39.01±2.31 d 15.15±0.13 a 桂辐98-296 35975 ±3435c2.54±0.02 a 324.33±6.03 a 1.46±0.06 a 52.26±2.88 c 15.25±0.16 a 合计 64630 ±2153 a2.50±0.02 b 300.67±19.5 bcd 1.41±0.03 b 91.27±4.83 a 15.13±0.21 a 宿根第5年
The 5th year ratoon对照 CK 桂柳2号 25710 ±3022 d2.47±0.02 b 284.33±14.01 d 1.44±0.03 a 37.02±3.7 d 15.13±0.27 a 补种处理
Replanting桂柳2号 24119 ±4529 d2.44±0.02 b 283.67±8.08 d 1.40±0.05 a 33.88±6.84 d 15.11±0.14 a 桂辐98-296 40546 ±2149 bc2.49±0.02 b 309.00±10.15 ab 1.51±0.03 a 61.17±3.81 b 15.28±0.33 a 合计 64665 ±2419 a2.49±0.02 b 303.00±12.53 abcd 1.47±0.03 a 95.06±3.35 a 15.36±0.14 a 同列不同小写字母分别表示数据在P<0.05水平显著,下同。
Data with difference uppercase and lowercase letters on same column indicate significant differences at P<0.05. Same for below.表 2 桂辐98-296种茎直接补种桂糖44号重要农艺性状及其产量
Table 2. Agronomic characteristics and yield of GT44 with replacement GF296 seed stems
种植年份
Planting year处理
Treatments品种
Variety有效茎数
Effective stem number/
(株·hm−2)茎径
Stem
diameter/cm株高
Plant
height/cm单茎重
Stem
weight/kg蔗茎产量
Yield /
(kg·hm−2)蔗糖分
Sucrose
content/%宿根第2年
The 2nd year of ratoon对照 CK 桂糖44号 52748 ±1256 ab2.50±0.06 a 285.72±7.48 b 1.44±0.05 ab 75.98±4.79 b 15.16±0.54 a 宿根第3年
The 3rd year of ratoon对照 CK 桂糖44号 47611 ±1716 b2.49±0.07 a 299.70±6.93 a 1.44±0.02 ab 68.72±3.19 b 15.18±0.61 a 补种处理
Replanting桂糖44号 43821 ±6072 b2.50±0.03 a 306.67±7.57a 1.49±0.02 a 65.29±8.15 b 15.05±0.10 a 桂辐98-296 16133 ±1701 e2.52±0.04 a 300.83±18.37 a 1.41±0.08 ab 22.80±2.49 f 14.95±0.21 a 合计 59954 ±4527 a2.51±0.03 a 301.07±3.56 a 1.47±0.02 a 88.09±5.67 a 15.11±0.37 a 宿根第4年
The 4th year of ratoon对照 CK 桂糖44号 31216 ±4077 c2.47±0.10 a 308.30±16.98 a 1.33±0.05 b 41.56±5.25 de 15.37±0.33 a 补种处理
Replanting桂糖44号 26367 ±4581 d2.57±0.03 a 320.67±3.06 a 1.50±0.21 a 42.83±3.18 d 15.18±0.14 a 桂辐98-296 34754 ±3460 c2.36±0.04 b 323.27±2.14 a 1.41±0.11 ab 48.47±2.26 d 15.41±0.73 a 合计 61122 ±3061 a2.49±0.13 a 306.63±18.26 a 1.50±0.07 a 91.64±1.58 a 15.36±0.58 a 宿根第5年
The 5th year of ratoon对照 CK 桂糖44号 26064 ±1550 d2.46±0.19 a 295.57±24.07 a 1.42±0.04 ab 36.92±1.91 e 14.99±0.22 a 补种处理
Replanting桂糖44号 28633 ±1418 d2.44±0.08 b 297.00±20.66 a 1.47±0.15 a 42.32±6.37 d 14.93±0.23 a 桂辐98-296 37128 ±2120 c2.46±0.05 a 316.47±13.03 a 1.44±0.10 ab 53.17±2.34 c 15.30±0.14 a 合计 65762 ±3500 a2.50±0.13 a 298.70±18.20 a 1.45±0.01 a 95.48±5.40 a 15.12±0.41 a 表 3 桂辐98-296种茎直接补种粤糖00236重要农艺性状及其产量
Table 3. Agronomic characteristics and yield of YT236 with replacement GF296 seed stems
种植年份
Planting year处理
Treatments品种
Variety有效茎数
Effective stem number/
(株·hm−2)茎径
Stem
diameter/cm株高
Plant
height/cm单茎重
Stem
weight/kg蔗茎产量
Yield/
(kg·hm−2)蔗糖分
Sucrose
content/%宿根第2年
The 2nd year of ratoon对照 CK 粤糖00236 43957 ±2184 c2.51±0.05 ab 310.86±6.24 cd 1.50±0.05 ab 65.96±5.74 c 15.55±0.14 a 宿根第3年
The 3rd year of ratoon对照 CK 粤糖00236 36309 ±1937 c2.52±0.03 a 308.47±5.75 cd 1.56±0.10 a 56.48±0.87 c 16.00±0.13 a 补种处理
Replanting粤糖00236 35905 ±686 c2.48±0.03 ab 321.33±10.26 b 1.53±0.01 a 54.78±0.70 c 15.72±0.44 a 桂辐98-296 21494 ±1893 f2.38±0.04 cde 331.87±4.54 a 1.30±0.03 c 27.92±3.00 g 15.78±0.23 a 合计 57399 ±3429 b2.43±0.03 cd 314.90±4.55 bc 1.44±0.01 b 82.71±2.53 b 15.95±0.25 a 宿根第4年
The 4th year of ratoon对照 CK 粤糖00236 32420 ±2350 cde2.51±0.04 ab 302.67±6.03 d 1.51±0.03 ab 48.82±2.56 de 15.77±0.25 a 补种处理
Replanting粤糖00236 32432 ±1234 cde2.53±0.03 a 323.67±12.10 b 1.55±0.02 a 50.30±2.52 d 15.74±0.54 a 桂辐98-296 31796 ±2254 de2.31±0.06 e 340.40±4.50 a 1.29±0.07 c 41.03±4.59 f 15.64±0.18 a 合计 64229 ±6094 a2.44±0.03 bcd 321.60±1.51 b 1.42±0.02 b 91.33±2.08 a 15.71±0.16 a 宿根第5年
The 5th year of ratoon对照 CK 粤糖00236 30138 ±3386 e2.49±0.10 ab 301.14±1.62 d 1.45±0.07 ab 43.65±3.21 ef 15.55±0.14 a 补种处理
Replanting粤糖00236 31129 ±1971 de2.42±0.03 cd 304.67±5.51 d 1.41±0.09 b 43.92±4.30 ef 16.02±0.12 a 桂辐98-296 34570 ±2421 cd2.45±0.03 b 319.53±4.11 b 1.45±0.04 a 50.16±2.02 d 15.63±0.15 a 合计 65699 ±5714 a2.47±0.03 ab 308.77±7.81 cd 1.43±0.06 b 94.08±2.73 a 15.97±0.78 a 表 4 桂辐98-296种茎直接补种的经济效益分析
Table 4. Economic benefits of using replacement GF 98-296 seed stems
品种
Variety宿根年限
Ratoon year增产量
Cane stems
increase yield/
(t·hm−2)新增农业产值
New agricultural
output value/(
元·hm−2)补种量
Amount of
replanting/
(t·hm−2)成本
Cost/(元·hm−2)净收入
Net incremental
income/
(元·hm−2)蔗种成本
Cane seed
cost补种作业
Replanting
operation砍收人工
Felling
labor合计
Total桂柳2号
GL2宿根第3年
The 3rd year of ratoon25.47 12735.00 1.31 786.00 1200.00 3056.40 5042.40 7692.60 宿根第4年
The 4th year of ratoon48.35 24175.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5802.00 5802.00 18373.00 宿根第5年
The 5th year of ratoon58.04 29020.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6964.80 6964.80 22055.20 合计
Total131.86 65930.00 1.31 786.00 1200.00 15823.20 17809.20 48120.80 桂糖44号
GT44宿根第3年
The 3rd year of ratoon19.37 9685.00 1.13 678.00 1200.00 2324.40 4202.40 5482.60 宿根第4年
The 4th year of ratoon50.08 25040.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6009.60 6009.60 19030.40 宿根第5年
The 5th year of ratoon58.56 29280.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7027.20 7027.20 22252.80 合计
Total128.01 64005.00 1.13 678.00 1200.00 15361.20 17239.20 46765.80 粤糖00-236
YT236宿根第3年
The 3rd year of ratoon26.23 13115.00 2.81 1686.00 1200.00 3147.60 6033.60 7081.40 宿根第4年
The 4th year of ratoon42.51 21255.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5101.20 5101.20 16153.80 宿根第5年
The 5th year of ratoon50.43 25215.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6051.60 6051.60 19163.40 合计
Total119.17 59585.00 2.81 1686.00 1200.00 14300.40 17186.40 42398.60 蔗茎增产量=补种处理产量−CK。广西原料蔗平均收购价以500.00 元·t−1,种茎处理及补种作业成本以 1200 元·km−2,砍收人工120 元·t−1计,蔗种成本以 600元·t−1计。
Cane yield increase = yield of reseeding treatment – CK; average purchase price of raw cane in Guangxi at 500.00 yuan·t−1; operation cost of stem treatment and replanting at 1,200 yuan·hm−2; harvest labor cost at 120 yuan·t−1; cane seed cost at 600 yuan·t−1. -
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