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基于地理探测器模型的福建省耕地土壤有机碳影响因素研究

陈孟耀 刘啸歌 黄达沧 张黎明 邢世和

陈孟耀,刘啸歌,黄达沧,等. 基于地理探测器模型的福建省耕地土壤有机碳影响因素研究 [J]. 福建农业学报,2024,39(6):738−751 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.06.013
引用本文: 陈孟耀,刘啸歌,黄达沧,等. 基于地理探测器模型的福建省耕地土壤有机碳影响因素研究 [J]. 福建农业学报,2024,39(6):738−751 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.06.013
CHEN M Y, LIU X G, HUANG D C, et al. Factors Affecting Soil Organic Carbon on Farmland in Fujian Analyzed by Geodetector Model [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2024,39(6):738−751 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.06.013
Citation: CHEN M Y, LIU X G, HUANG D C, et al. Factors Affecting Soil Organic Carbon on Farmland in Fujian Analyzed by Geodetector Model [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2024,39(6):738−751 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.06.013

基于地理探测器模型的福建省耕地土壤有机碳影响因素研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.06.013
基金项目: 福建省自然科学基金项目(2022J05037);福建省中青年教师教育科研项目(JAT210080);国家自然科学基金项目(41971050);福建农林大学科技创新项目(KFb22121XA、KFb23195A)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    陈孟耀(1998 —),男,硕士研究生,主要从事生态环境与资源统计研究,E-mail:1220073494@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    黄达沧(1989 —),男,博士,副教授,主要从事时空统计与分析研究,E-mail:huangdc@lreis.ac.cn

  • 中图分类号: S153.6

Factors Affecting Soil Organic Carbon on Farmland in Fujian Analyzed by Geodetector Model

  • 摘要:   目的  探明福建省耕地土壤有机碳(Soil organic carbon, SOC)的空间分布及其影响因素。  方法  基于福建省3万多个耕地土壤调查样点数据,利用皮尔逊相关系数、随机森林模型计算SOC影响因素的重要性,并通过地理探测器模型分析影响全省耕地土壤有机碳空间分布的因素。  结果  2008年福建省耕地土壤有机碳样点数据的范围在0.12~67.28 g·kg−1,呈现东南部沿海低、西部和中部高的空间格局。3种模型中地理探测器模型的分析结果最全面和客观。地理探测器模型的因子探测器结果表明气候相关因素是福建省耕地土壤有机碳含量空间分异性的主要影响因子,各影响因子按解释程度前六名分别为:年降水量(0.1685)>年均温(0.1677)>海拔(0.1499)>气候类型(0.1359)>土壤类型(0.0824)>地貌类型(0.0731)。通过交互探测器进一步发现年降水量与年均温的交互作用对SOC空间分异的解释程度最大(0.1941),其次为年降水量与土壤类型(0.1923)、年降水量与耕地利用类型(0.1918)。  结论  强烈的因子交互作用表明,福建省耕地土壤有机碳含量空间分异性是由多种因子共同作用影响而非单一因子决定,对SOC进行研究需要考虑其复杂的空间分异特征。本研究可为提高耕地土壤的空间使用效率、合理布局农业生产提供科学依据。
  • 图  1  福建省位置示意图

    该图基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2020)4619号标准地图制作,底图无修改。

    Figure  1.  Diagram of surveyed sites in Fujian Province

    This map is based on the GS (2020) 4619 standard map downloaded from the Ministry of Natural Resources' standard map service website, with no modifications made to the base map.

    图  2  福建省耕地土壤有机碳空间分布

    Figure  2.  Spatial SOC distribution of farmland in Fujian

    图  3  基于随机森林模型的各因素重要性雷达图

    Figure  3.  Radar diagram of key factors based on random forest model

    图  4  土壤有机碳含量影响因素因子探测结果

    Figure  4.  Detection results on factors affecting SOC content

    图  5  土壤有机碳含量影响因素交互作用探测结果热力图

    Figure  5.  Heat map of interaction detection results on factors affecting SOC content

    表  1  各连续性因素与土壤有机碳相关分析

    Table  1.   Correlation between continuity factors and SOC

    指标
    Index
    土壤有机碳
    Soil organic carbon
    年均温
    Annual average temperature
    年降水量
    Annual precipitation
    坡度
    Slope
    坡向
    Slope orientation
    海拔
    Altitude
    归一化植被指数
    NDVI
    土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon1
    年均温 Annual average temperature−0.333**1
    年降水量 Annual precipitation0.380**−0.878**1
    坡度 Slope0.138**−0.404**0.387**1
    坡向 Slope orientation−0.044**0.041**−0.062**−0.133**1
    海拔 Altitude0.284**−0.868**0.703**0.477**0.062**1
    归一化植被指数 NDVI0.134**−0.398**0.391**0.381**−0.129**0.317**1
    **表示在P <0.01级别相关性显著。
    ** indicates significant correlation at P<0.01.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同影响因子下的福建省耕地土壤有机碳含量分级

    Table  2.   Classification of SOC on farmland in Fujian under various affecting factors

    分级分类
    Graded
    classification
    年均温
    Annual
    average
    temperature/
    年降水量
    Annual
    precipitation/
    mm
    坡度
    Slope/(°)
    坡向
    Slope
    orientation/
    (°)
    海拔
    Altitude/
    m
    归一化
    植被指数
    NDVI
    气候类型
    Climate
    type
    地貌类型
    Landform
    type
    耕地利用类型
    Cultivated land
    use type
    土壤类型
    Soil
    type
    1 10.00~17.16 10411232 0~3 −1~2 1~112 −1~−0.09 中亚热带
    Middle
    subtropical zone
    平原台地
    Plain platform
    灌溉水田
    Irrigated
    paddy fields
    水稻土
    Paddy
    soil
    2 17.16~17.95 12321338 3~5 2~6 112~244 −0.09~0.13 南亚热带
    South
    subtropical zone
    丘陵
    Hill
    旱地
    Dry land
    赤红壤
    Lateritic
    red soil
    3 17.95~18.73 13381438 5~8 6~18 244~376 0.13~0.35 小起伏山地
    Small undulating
    mountains
    望天田
    Non-irrigated
    paddy field
    红壤
    Red earth
    4 18.73~19.51 14381531 8~12 18~50 376~508 0.35~0.57 中起伏山地
    Medium undulating
    mountain
    水浇地
    Irrigated
    land
    风砂土
    Aeolian sandy soil
    5 19.51~20.29 15311644 12~17 50~134 508~639 0.57~1 大起伏山地
    Great undulating
    mountains
    菜地
    Vegetable
    field
    滨海盐土
    Coastal saline
    soil
    6 20.29~21.08 1644~1848 17~60 134~360 639~1348 潮土
    Tidal
    soil
    7 >21.08 黄壤
    Yellow
    soil
    8 紫色土
    Purple
    soil
    9 石灰土
    Limestone
    soil
    根据最优参数地理探测器计算结果,年均温、海拔和NDVI采用标准差分类法,分为7类、6类和5类;年降水量采用自然间距分类法,分为6类;坡度采用分位数分类法,分为6类;坡向采用几何间隔分类法,分为6类。
    According to calculation results of optimal geographic detector parameters, annual average temperature, altitude, and NDVI are classified using standard deviation classification method, which is divided into 7 categories, 6 categories, and 5 categories, respectively; annual precipitation is classified into 6 categories using natural interval classification method; slope is classified into 6 categories using quantile classification method; slope orientation adopts geometric interval classification method, which is divided into 6 categories.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  气候因素对土壤有机碳的影响

    Table  3.   Impact of climate factors on SOC

    指标
    Index
    等级
    Grade
    样点数量
    Number of
    sample points
    土壤有机碳
    Soil organic carbon/(g·kg−1
    标准差
    Standard deviation/
    (g·kg−1
    变异系数
    Coefficient of
    variation/%
    最小值
    Minimum value
    最大值
    Maximum value
    平均值
    Average value
    年均温
    Annual average
    temperature/ ℃
    10.00≤年均温
    Annual average temperature<17.16
    3337 0.17 50.69 17.74 7.35 41.43
    17.16≤年均温
    Annual average temperature<17.95
    2934 1.28 43.44 17.41 5.59 32.10
    17.95≤年均温
    Annual average temperature<18.73
    5883 1.39 43.15 17.46 5.55 31.79
    18.73≤年均温
    Annual average temperature<19.51
    5857 0.12 67.28 17.07 6.16 36.09
    19.51≤年均温
    Annual average temperature<20.29
    4838 0.58 43.85 16.66 6.04 36.25
    20.29≤年均温
    Annual average temperature<21.08
    5428 0.19 37.12 11.79 5.48 46.48
    21.08≤年均温
    Annual average temperature
    3082 0.20 32.89 10.57 4.99 47.21
    年降水量
    Annual
    precipitation/mm
    1041≤年降水量
    Annual precipitation<1232
    5598 0.19 35.50 10.56 4.50 42.61
    1232≤年降水量
    Annual precipitation<1338
    3720 0.58 62.93 13.64 5.87 43.04
    1338≤年降水量
    Annual precipitation<1438
    5165 0.12 41.76 16.61 5.77 34.74
    1438≤年降水量
    Annual precipitation<1531
    6552 1.16 43.85 17.06 5.56 32.59
    1531≤年降水量
    Annual precipitation<1644
    8094 0.17 67.28 17.69 6.14 34.71
    1644≤年降水量
    Annual precipitation<1848
    2230 2.38 50.69 17.70 8.02 45.31
    气候类型
    Climate type
    中亚热带
    Middle subtropical zone
    21274 0.17 67.28 17.27 6.14 35.56
    南亚热带
    South subtropical zone
    10085 0.12 39.61 12.17 5.73 47.08
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  不同土壤类型、耕地利用和地貌类型下的土壤有机碳分布

    Table  4.   Effects of soil types, farmland use, and landform types on SOC

    指标
    Index
    类型
    Type
    样点数量
    Number of
    sample points
    土壤有机碳
    Soil organic carbon/(g·kg−1
    标准差
    Standard deviation/
    (g·kg−1
    变异系数
    Coefficient of
    variation/%
    最小值
    Minimum value
    最大值
    Maximum value
    平均值
    Average value
    土壤类型
    Soil type
    水稻土
    Paddy soil
    27997 0.12 67.28 16.16 6.28 39.86
    赤红壤
    Lateritic red soil
    1831 0.58 30.80 9.72 4.72 48.56
    红壤
    Red earth
    912 1.22 43.85 15.68 6.56 41.84
    风砂土
    Aeolian sandy soil
    225 0.58 21.27 5.31 3.56 67.04
    滨海盐土
    Coastal saline soil
    175 0.99 27.20 7.91 5.10 64.48
    潮土
    Tidal soil
    108 1.80 30.97 11.56 5.55 48.01
    黄壤
    Yellow soil
    79 3.60 49.36 17.06 8.96 52.52
    紫色土
    Purple soil
    32 6.90 31.15 15.92 5.19 32.60
    耕地利用类型
    Cultivated land use type
    灌溉水田
    Irrigated paddy fields
    23936 0.12 67.28 16.21 6.30 38.86
    旱地
    Dry land
    3434 0.58 50.69 11.64 6.58 56.53
    望天田
    Non-irrigated paddy field
    3288 0.17 42.92 16.57 5.75 34.70
    水浇地
    Irrigated land
    552 1.39 38.80 10.74 5.58 51.96
    菜地
    Vegetable field
    149 1.69 34.80 11.35 6.42 56.56
    地貌类型
    Landform type
    平原台地
    Plain platform
    6942 0.19 50.11 12.36 6.44 52.10
    丘陵
    Hill
    8377 0.45 67.28 16.46 6.44 39.13
    小起伏山地
    Small undulating mountains
    14921 0.12 62.93 16.63 6.04 36.32
    中起伏山地
    Medium undulating mountain
    1119 1.39 38.34 16.39 5.74 35.02
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  地形因素对土壤有机碳的影响

    Table  5.   Impact of terrain factors on SOC

    指标
    Index
    等级
    Grade
    样点数量
    Number of sample points
    土壤有机碳
    Soil organic carbon/(g·kg−1)
    标准差
    Standard
    deviation/(g·kg−1)
    变异系数
    Coefficient of
    variation/%
    最小值
    Minimum value
    最大值
    Maximum value
    平均值
    Average value
    坡度
    Slope/(°)
    0≤坡度 Slope <352430.4167.2813.606.5247.94
    3≤坡度 Slope <552180.1943.8514.576.7746.46
    5≤坡度 Slope <852130.5849.8815.936.5441.05
    8≤坡度 Slope <1252170.9345.1916.416.2237.90
    12≤坡度 Slope <1752411.3949.3616.696.0636.31
    17≤坡度 Slope≤6052270.1262.9316.586.0436.43
    坡向
    Slope orientation /(°)
    −1≤坡向 Slope orientation <23911.1650.6914.546.8447.04
    2≤坡向 Slope orientation <63092.7338.7416.216.2038.25
    6≤坡向 Slope orientation <189561.1041.1815.316.1840.37
    18≤坡向 Slope orientation <5033760.9950.1116.106.5640.75
    50≤坡向 Slope orientation≤13499240.2062.9315.996.4340.21
    134≤坡向 Slope orientation≤360164030.1267.2815.356.4742.15
    海拔 Altitude/m1≤海拔 Altitude<11295980.1943.8511.875.7348.27
    112≤海拔 Altitude<24450801.1667.2817.416.2936.13
    244≤海拔 Altitude<37653411.2862.9317.335.5131.79
    376≤海拔 Altitude<50841970.1243.4416.875.5632.96
    508≤海拔 Altitude<63929320.1742.7517.205.7533.43
    639≤海拔 Altitude≤134842112.2050.6917.567.0740.26
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2024-04-23
  • 录用日期:  2024-07-03
  • 修回日期:  2024-06-05
  • 网络出版日期:  2024-07-10
  • 刊出日期:  2024-06-28

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