2015 Vol. 30, No. 7
Display Method:
2015, 30(7): 625-630.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.07.001
Abstract:
The intensity and widespread of the porcine epidemic diarrhea(PED)have continuously been on the climb in Fujian since the end of 2010.The infectious disease caused high mortalities in suckling piglets,and has become one of the most serious concerns for the pig farms in the area.To deter the epidemic and understand the genetic variations of S genes of PED viruses,295 clinical samples from 117 sizable pig farms were collected during 2011-2014 for RT-PCR analysis.Overall,205 out of 295samples(69.49%)were tested positive.Annually,the infection rate declined from 87.3%,75.00%,40.91%to 34.15% during the year of 2011 to 2014.Nonetheless,it remained a serious problem for the industry.The study on nucleotide sequence revealed that the S genes of the 14 isolated PED strains shared 98.5%-100.0% homogeneity among themselves,and 93.3%-99.5% in comparison with other strains in China,93.8%-94.1% with CV777,and 95.8%-96.1% with NPPED2008_2.Variants,insertions and deletions of amino acids on the genes were found.The phylogenetic analysis on the 14 PED viruses showed a close relationship with the Thailand and Korean strains,and a remote one with the attenuated DR13 and CV777.The S gene sequence obtained from this study has been filed with Genbank.
The intensity and widespread of the porcine epidemic diarrhea(PED)have continuously been on the climb in Fujian since the end of 2010.The infectious disease caused high mortalities in suckling piglets,and has become one of the most serious concerns for the pig farms in the area.To deter the epidemic and understand the genetic variations of S genes of PED viruses,295 clinical samples from 117 sizable pig farms were collected during 2011-2014 for RT-PCR analysis.Overall,205 out of 295samples(69.49%)were tested positive.Annually,the infection rate declined from 87.3%,75.00%,40.91%to 34.15% during the year of 2011 to 2014.Nonetheless,it remained a serious problem for the industry.The study on nucleotide sequence revealed that the S genes of the 14 isolated PED strains shared 98.5%-100.0% homogeneity among themselves,and 93.3%-99.5% in comparison with other strains in China,93.8%-94.1% with CV777,and 95.8%-96.1% with NPPED2008_2.Variants,insertions and deletions of amino acids on the genes were found.The phylogenetic analysis on the 14 PED viruses showed a close relationship with the Thailand and Korean strains,and a remote one with the attenuated DR13 and CV777.The S gene sequence obtained from this study has been filed with Genbank.
2015, 30(7): 631-635.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.07.002
Abstract:
Two strains of the suspected bacteria,H2013032002 and H2013032003,were isolated from croakers,Larimichthys crocea,in Sanduao,Fujian.An artificial infection with the isolates caused the similar white-spots disease in the fish.Subsequently,morphological and biochemical tests identified the isolated strains as Pseudomonas putida or P.fluorescent.Then,the 16S-rDNA sequence analysis showed that the bacteria had a 99.0%homologous rate with P.putida.In addition,a drug sensitivity test revealed that the two strains of pathogen were highly sensitive to norfloxacin,ciprofloxacin,oxolinic acid and kanamycin neomycin.It was,therefore,determined that P.putid was likely the culprit that caused the white-spots disease in croakers.
Two strains of the suspected bacteria,H2013032002 and H2013032003,were isolated from croakers,Larimichthys crocea,in Sanduao,Fujian.An artificial infection with the isolates caused the similar white-spots disease in the fish.Subsequently,morphological and biochemical tests identified the isolated strains as Pseudomonas putida or P.fluorescent.Then,the 16S-rDNA sequence analysis showed that the bacteria had a 99.0%homologous rate with P.putida.In addition,a drug sensitivity test revealed that the two strains of pathogen were highly sensitive to norfloxacin,ciprofloxacin,oxolinic acid and kanamycin neomycin.It was,therefore,determined that P.putid was likely the culprit that caused the white-spots disease in croakers.
2015, 30(7): 636-641.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.07.003
Abstract:
A 96-day feeding trail was conducted to evaluate the effects of Eucommia ulmoides,VC+VEand allicin on the growth and meat quality of blunt snout bream(Megalobrama amblycephala).One-hundred-twenty healthy breams with an initial body weight of 249.69±1.96 g were selected and randomly divided into 3treatment and a control groups.Ten fish per replicate and 3replicates per treatment were used for the experimentation.The feeding diets included the basic formulation(Control)and those with the addition of 0.3% E.ulmoides(Group A),vC200mg·kg-1+VE 200 mg·kg-1(Group B),or garlicin 60 mg·kg-1(Group C).The results showed that the weight gain rates of the fish in the treatment groups were significantly higher than that of Control(P<0.05),while the feed coefficients significantly lower than Control(P<0.05).Group B showed the highest rate of weight gain(up to 49.13%)and lowest feed conversion ratio(up to 1.66)among all.The survival rate,viscerosomatic index,condition factor,muscle moisture and crude ash content of the fish were not significantly different between the treatments and Control(P>0.05).The hepatosomatic indices of the treatment groups were significantly lower than that of Control(P<0.05).The fish in the treatment groups had increased crude protein and flavor amino acids,and decreased crude fat,as compared with Control.Those differences were statistically significant between Group A or C and Control(P<0.05).The contents of hydroxyproline and collagen in the treatment groups significantly increased(P<0.05),while the muscle drip loss significantly reduced(P<0.05)over Control.It appeared that these additives could improve the growth and meat quality of the breams,and that E.ulmoides was most effective as an added ingredient in feed for upgrading the fish meat quality.
A 96-day feeding trail was conducted to evaluate the effects of Eucommia ulmoides,VC+VEand allicin on the growth and meat quality of blunt snout bream(Megalobrama amblycephala).One-hundred-twenty healthy breams with an initial body weight of 249.69±1.96 g were selected and randomly divided into 3treatment and a control groups.Ten fish per replicate and 3replicates per treatment were used for the experimentation.The feeding diets included the basic formulation(Control)and those with the addition of 0.3% E.ulmoides(Group A),vC200mg·kg-1+VE 200 mg·kg-1(Group B),or garlicin 60 mg·kg-1(Group C).The results showed that the weight gain rates of the fish in the treatment groups were significantly higher than that of Control(P<0.05),while the feed coefficients significantly lower than Control(P<0.05).Group B showed the highest rate of weight gain(up to 49.13%)and lowest feed conversion ratio(up to 1.66)among all.The survival rate,viscerosomatic index,condition factor,muscle moisture and crude ash content of the fish were not significantly different between the treatments and Control(P>0.05).The hepatosomatic indices of the treatment groups were significantly lower than that of Control(P<0.05).The fish in the treatment groups had increased crude protein and flavor amino acids,and decreased crude fat,as compared with Control.Those differences were statistically significant between Group A or C and Control(P<0.05).The contents of hydroxyproline and collagen in the treatment groups significantly increased(P<0.05),while the muscle drip loss significantly reduced(P<0.05)over Control.It appeared that these additives could improve the growth and meat quality of the breams,and that E.ulmoides was most effective as an added ingredient in feed for upgrading the fish meat quality.
2015, 30(7): 642-647.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.07.004
Abstract:
To understand the coccidial infection of goat in Fujian province,the infection rate,infection intensity and species of goat coccidium were investigated through 600 fecal samples from 20 grazing farms and 150 fecal samples from 5feeding farms.The results indicated that the infection rates of the 6-month-old lamb group,the 7-18month-old goat group and the breeding goat group in the grazing farms were 100%,88.5% and 84.0%,respectively,and the average rate was 90.8%.The 6-month-old lamb group showed the highest infection intensity,and total 10 species of goat coccidium were detected.On the other hand,the infection rates of the 6-month-old lamb group,the 7-18month-old goat group and the breeding goat group in the feeding farms were 68.0%,50.0% and44.0%,respectively,and the average rate was 46.0%.All of these three groups showed relatively low infection intensity,and total 7species of goat coccidium were detected.This experiment demonstrated that the infection rate and infection intensity of coccidium in the feeding farm were obviously lower than those in the grazing farm,which is important for the prevention and controlling of the goat coccidium.
To understand the coccidial infection of goat in Fujian province,the infection rate,infection intensity and species of goat coccidium were investigated through 600 fecal samples from 20 grazing farms and 150 fecal samples from 5feeding farms.The results indicated that the infection rates of the 6-month-old lamb group,the 7-18month-old goat group and the breeding goat group in the grazing farms were 100%,88.5% and 84.0%,respectively,and the average rate was 90.8%.The 6-month-old lamb group showed the highest infection intensity,and total 10 species of goat coccidium were detected.On the other hand,the infection rates of the 6-month-old lamb group,the 7-18month-old goat group and the breeding goat group in the feeding farms were 68.0%,50.0% and44.0%,respectively,and the average rate was 46.0%.All of these three groups showed relatively low infection intensity,and total 7species of goat coccidium were detected.This experiment demonstrated that the infection rate and infection intensity of coccidium in the feeding farm were obviously lower than those in the grazing farm,which is important for the prevention and controlling of the goat coccidium.
2015, 30(7): 648-651.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.07.005
Abstract:
This study aimed to determine the drug-resistance and plasmid-carrying properties of the 20 strains of Pasteurella multocida isolated from avian sources.Their sensitivity to antibiotics was determined by using the diffusion test on paper,and the plasmids extraction by means of the alkaline lysis method.More than 80% of the isolated strains were found sensitive to Ofloxacin,Rifampin,Cefazolin,Polymysin B,Doxycycline,Levofloxacin,Ampicillin,Enrofloxacin and/or compound sulfamethoxazole.The plasmid-carrying rate of the isolates was 65%with 1to 7plasmids found in them.There was no correlation between the drug resistance and plasmid-carrying of the bacteria,as the strains that carried plasmids were shown only resistant to Florfenicol,Polymysin B and compound sulfamethoxazole.It suggested, however,that Ofloxacin, Rifampin, Cefazolin, Polymysin B,Doxycycline,Levofloxacin,Ampicillin,Enrofloxacin and/or compound sulfamethoxazole should be preferential for treating the avian cholera.And,the plasmids found in the P.multocida isolates might be associated with the bacterial resistance to Florfenicol,Polymysin B and compound sulfamethoxazole.
This study aimed to determine the drug-resistance and plasmid-carrying properties of the 20 strains of Pasteurella multocida isolated from avian sources.Their sensitivity to antibiotics was determined by using the diffusion test on paper,and the plasmids extraction by means of the alkaline lysis method.More than 80% of the isolated strains were found sensitive to Ofloxacin,Rifampin,Cefazolin,Polymysin B,Doxycycline,Levofloxacin,Ampicillin,Enrofloxacin and/or compound sulfamethoxazole.The plasmid-carrying rate of the isolates was 65%with 1to 7plasmids found in them.There was no correlation between the drug resistance and plasmid-carrying of the bacteria,as the strains that carried plasmids were shown only resistant to Florfenicol,Polymysin B and compound sulfamethoxazole.It suggested, however,that Ofloxacin, Rifampin, Cefazolin, Polymysin B,Doxycycline,Levofloxacin,Ampicillin,Enrofloxacin and/or compound sulfamethoxazole should be preferential for treating the avian cholera.And,the plasmids found in the P.multocida isolates might be associated with the bacterial resistance to Florfenicol,Polymysin B and compound sulfamethoxazole.
2015, 30(7): 652-655.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.07.006
Abstract:
According to the industrial standard,NY/T593-2013,11 quality traits of the milled grains from 248 indica rice,including early-,mid-and late-season varieties,collected from Fujian Regional Test on Cultivars from2011 to 2013were evaluated.The results showed that a high percentage of the brown rice from the cultivars met or exceeded the standards on quality,gelatinization temperature,gel consistency and amylase content.However,lessthan-desirable quality traits on the percentage of unbroken milled grains and the degree of chalkiness and translucency also existed.Among the varieties,6.9% of the late-season indica rice met the high quality standards,while none of the early-and mid-season rice did.Based on the test results,it was recommended that,in order to develop a desirable,high quality rice,it would be necessary to achieve the characteristics of minimized grain chalkiness,maximized wholesomeness on the milled grains,and desirable translucency of the cooked rice.
According to the industrial standard,NY/T593-2013,11 quality traits of the milled grains from 248 indica rice,including early-,mid-and late-season varieties,collected from Fujian Regional Test on Cultivars from2011 to 2013were evaluated.The results showed that a high percentage of the brown rice from the cultivars met or exceeded the standards on quality,gelatinization temperature,gel consistency and amylase content.However,lessthan-desirable quality traits on the percentage of unbroken milled grains and the degree of chalkiness and translucency also existed.Among the varieties,6.9% of the late-season indica rice met the high quality standards,while none of the early-and mid-season rice did.Based on the test results,it was recommended that,in order to develop a desirable,high quality rice,it would be necessary to achieve the characteristics of minimized grain chalkiness,maximized wholesomeness on the milled grains,and desirable translucency of the cooked rice.
2015, 30(7): 656-661.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.07.007
Abstract:
Effect of application of varied amounts of phosphorus(P)on the growth and physiological characteristics of the seedlings of flue-cured tobacco K326 was studied.It was found that the length,tip,surface area,volume and rigor of the roots increased with increasing P at low levels.The activities of POD,PPO,PAL and stress resistance also increased significantly(P<0.01).In addition,the P fertilizations enhanced the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate,as well as the assimilating capability of the seedlings.The amount of P appropriate for the seedling growth on a floating bed was determined to be 15-18 mg·plant-1.At this rate,the development of tobacco seedlings was shown healthy with strong roots,highly resistant to stresses and diseases,and desirable photosynthetic functions.
Effect of application of varied amounts of phosphorus(P)on the growth and physiological characteristics of the seedlings of flue-cured tobacco K326 was studied.It was found that the length,tip,surface area,volume and rigor of the roots increased with increasing P at low levels.The activities of POD,PPO,PAL and stress resistance also increased significantly(P<0.01).In addition,the P fertilizations enhanced the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate,as well as the assimilating capability of the seedlings.The amount of P appropriate for the seedling growth on a floating bed was determined to be 15-18 mg·plant-1.At this rate,the development of tobacco seedlings was shown healthy with strong roots,highly resistant to stresses and diseases,and desirable photosynthetic functions.
2015, 30(7): 662-666.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.07.008
Abstract:
To improve the fruit quality of Fuju oranges,Murcott variety was used as the pollen donator for the crosspollination experiment.The metaxenia effect on the external and internal qualities of the resulting fruits were examined.An increase on the single fruit weight and reductions on seed number and peel thickness of the new Fuju oranges were found.The acid content of the fruit flesh was lower,while the total soluble solids and sugars were higher than control.The ratio of fructose/total sugars increased significantly,and the total and the sweet amino acids also increased,while vitamin C and carotenoids remained largely unchanged.The cross-pollination between Murcott and Fuju appeared to produce a significantly desirable metaxenia effect on the oranges.
To improve the fruit quality of Fuju oranges,Murcott variety was used as the pollen donator for the crosspollination experiment.The metaxenia effect on the external and internal qualities of the resulting fruits were examined.An increase on the single fruit weight and reductions on seed number and peel thickness of the new Fuju oranges were found.The acid content of the fruit flesh was lower,while the total soluble solids and sugars were higher than control.The ratio of fructose/total sugars increased significantly,and the total and the sweet amino acids also increased,while vitamin C and carotenoids remained largely unchanged.The cross-pollination between Murcott and Fuju appeared to produce a significantly desirable metaxenia effect on the oranges.
2015, 30(7): 667-669.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.07.009
Abstract:
Balsam pear rootstock cultivar,Yin Zhen No.1,was a F1 hybrid developed by crossing the generation inbred lines,i.e.,L2008-S4-1as the female parent and L2008-S4-4as the male parent.The hybrid had a welldeveloped root system,high moisture tolerance,strong resistance to fusarium wilt,good adaptability for grafting with balsam pears,high sprouting rate,and high yield of 2 700- 5 300 kg per 667 sq.m.The yield was 109.4%higher than the non-grafted seedlings,and 16% higher than the local gourd rootstock.Thus,it was considered suitable for promotion.
Balsam pear rootstock cultivar,Yin Zhen No.1,was a F1 hybrid developed by crossing the generation inbred lines,i.e.,L2008-S4-1as the female parent and L2008-S4-4as the male parent.The hybrid had a welldeveloped root system,high moisture tolerance,strong resistance to fusarium wilt,good adaptability for grafting with balsam pears,high sprouting rate,and high yield of 2 700- 5 300 kg per 667 sq.m.The yield was 109.4%higher than the non-grafted seedlings,and 16% higher than the local gourd rootstock.Thus,it was considered suitable for promotion.
2015, 30(7): 670-674.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.07.010
Abstract:
A lab-designed clinostat and a UV lamp were applied to enhance the synthesis and accumulation of bergenin in the culture of Ardisia crenata Sims.calli.The simulated microgravity significantly increased the bergenin content with a peak amount 1.85 times of that of control.It also hastened the bergenin formation shortening the time to reach its peak in the calli.The exposure of calli to UV at 308 nm during the early stage of the culture benefited the bergenin accumulation.Both treatments appeared to induce varied effects in promoting the bergenin synthesis and accumulation.However,at the same time,they also retarded the callus growth.
A lab-designed clinostat and a UV lamp were applied to enhance the synthesis and accumulation of bergenin in the culture of Ardisia crenata Sims.calli.The simulated microgravity significantly increased the bergenin content with a peak amount 1.85 times of that of control.It also hastened the bergenin formation shortening the time to reach its peak in the calli.The exposure of calli to UV at 308 nm during the early stage of the culture benefited the bergenin accumulation.Both treatments appeared to induce varied effects in promoting the bergenin synthesis and accumulation.However,at the same time,they also retarded the callus growth.
2015, 30(7): 675-678.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.07.011
Abstract:
In a greenhouse,utilization of mushroom dregs for fertilizing Chinese cabbages was investigated.When the dregs were applied up to 30t/hm2,the yield,plant height and contents of chlorophyll,vitamin C and soluble sugar of the cabbages increased 43.5%,9.7%,26.7%,15.5% and 21%,respectively,as compared with control.The highest nitrate content in the cabbages was 1,120mg/kg found in control.That was reduced by 3.4-24.2%with the dregs application.Consequently,besides improvements on quality,combining the mushroom dregs with regular inorganic fertilizers in the vegetable cultivation could significantly reduce the nitrate accumulated in the cabbages as well.
In a greenhouse,utilization of mushroom dregs for fertilizing Chinese cabbages was investigated.When the dregs were applied up to 30t/hm2,the yield,plant height and contents of chlorophyll,vitamin C and soluble sugar of the cabbages increased 43.5%,9.7%,26.7%,15.5% and 21%,respectively,as compared with control.The highest nitrate content in the cabbages was 1,120mg/kg found in control.That was reduced by 3.4-24.2%with the dregs application.Consequently,besides improvements on quality,combining the mushroom dregs with regular inorganic fertilizers in the vegetable cultivation could significantly reduce the nitrate accumulated in the cabbages as well.
2015, 30(7): 679-684.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.07.012
Abstract:
For this study,5types of soils at tea plantations,i.e.,yellow,red,moist sandy,alpine meadow and purple soils,collected from Wuyishan City in Fujian were incubated at 28℃with a 60% water holding capacity for 35 days.The nitrogen(N)mineralization and its correlation with the properties of the soils were analyzed.A firstorder kinetic model derived from the experimental data was obtained:Ni=N0(1-e-kt)(R2=0.65-0.98),where Niis the cumulative mineralized N at incubation time t;N0,the potential mineralizable N pool;and k,the first order rate constant.N0 for the soils ranged from 4.15 to 52.46mg·kg-1(averaging 33.22mg·kg-1);kfrom0.019 to 0.343mg·kg-1·d-1(averaging 0.15mg·kg-1·d-1);N0×kfrom 0.32 to 16.82 mg·kg-1·d-1(averaging 33.22mg·kg-1·d-1);and the N mineralization rate(Nr)from 2.32 to 6.00%(averaging 3.73%).All parameters of the N mineralization in the alpine meadow and yellow soils were significantly higher than those in the others.They were followed by the moist sandy and purple soils,while the red soil was the lowest.△N,N0,k and N0×k were significantly correlated with the soil organic carbon,as well as the total N,NH+4-N and NO-3N.They also significantly correlated reversely with the soil bulk density,but not significant correlated with C/N or pH.The sand and silt contents in the soil significantly correlated with kand N0×k,but not with other indicators.
For this study,5types of soils at tea plantations,i.e.,yellow,red,moist sandy,alpine meadow and purple soils,collected from Wuyishan City in Fujian were incubated at 28℃with a 60% water holding capacity for 35 days.The nitrogen(N)mineralization and its correlation with the properties of the soils were analyzed.A firstorder kinetic model derived from the experimental data was obtained:Ni=N0(1-e-kt)(R2=0.65-0.98),where Niis the cumulative mineralized N at incubation time t;N0,the potential mineralizable N pool;and k,the first order rate constant.N0 for the soils ranged from 4.15 to 52.46mg·kg-1(averaging 33.22mg·kg-1);kfrom0.019 to 0.343mg·kg-1·d-1(averaging 0.15mg·kg-1·d-1);N0×kfrom 0.32 to 16.82 mg·kg-1·d-1(averaging 33.22mg·kg-1·d-1);and the N mineralization rate(Nr)from 2.32 to 6.00%(averaging 3.73%).All parameters of the N mineralization in the alpine meadow and yellow soils were significantly higher than those in the others.They were followed by the moist sandy and purple soils,while the red soil was the lowest.△N,N0,k and N0×k were significantly correlated with the soil organic carbon,as well as the total N,NH+4-N and NO-3N.They also significantly correlated reversely with the soil bulk density,but not significant correlated with C/N or pH.The sand and silt contents in the soil significantly correlated with kand N0×k,but not with other indicators.
2015, 30(7): 685-692.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.07.013
Abstract:
To clarify the feasibility of the microbial fermentation bed in the large-scale piggery in hot summer,the dynamic changes of the environment parameters were analyzed.The environment data of large-scale piggery of microbial fermentation bed was collected continuously for 104 days from June 1to September 12,and processed with DPS statistics software.The results showed that the average indoor temperature was 29.3℃,average padded lining(20cm)temperature was 40.5℃,average indoor humidity was 78.0%,average ammonia concentration was 14.4×10-6,average CO2 concentration was 955×10-6.Benefit from the strong ventilation and cooling equipment,the average indoor air temperature did not exceed 30℃,the average ammonia concentration was below 20×10-6,the average CO2 concentration was below the level of 1 200×10-6.All the environmental parameters did not exceed limited threshold,and met the requirements of pig growth.Therefore,the microbial fermentation bed can be used safely and reliably for large-scale piggery in hot summer.Whereas indoor temperature and bed inner temperature(20cm)was positively correlated with the correlation coefficient 0.554 0,and the indoor temperature was negatively correlated with indoor humidity with correlation coefficient 0.433 3.The cluster analysis of the inner air temperature changes showed that the inner air temperature in hot summer could be divided into two groups closed to outdoor temperature area,which were high temperature zone ranged from 28 to 32℃ and low zone ranged 24-27℃.Indoor humidity,outdoor temperature,outdoor ground surface temperature,outdoor CO2 concentration were positively correlated(0.54*,0.54*,0.46*,0.44*,0.52*).
To clarify the feasibility of the microbial fermentation bed in the large-scale piggery in hot summer,the dynamic changes of the environment parameters were analyzed.The environment data of large-scale piggery of microbial fermentation bed was collected continuously for 104 days from June 1to September 12,and processed with DPS statistics software.The results showed that the average indoor temperature was 29.3℃,average padded lining(20cm)temperature was 40.5℃,average indoor humidity was 78.0%,average ammonia concentration was 14.4×10-6,average CO2 concentration was 955×10-6.Benefit from the strong ventilation and cooling equipment,the average indoor air temperature did not exceed 30℃,the average ammonia concentration was below 20×10-6,the average CO2 concentration was below the level of 1 200×10-6.All the environmental parameters did not exceed limited threshold,and met the requirements of pig growth.Therefore,the microbial fermentation bed can be used safely and reliably for large-scale piggery in hot summer.Whereas indoor temperature and bed inner temperature(20cm)was positively correlated with the correlation coefficient 0.554 0,and the indoor temperature was negatively correlated with indoor humidity with correlation coefficient 0.433 3.The cluster analysis of the inner air temperature changes showed that the inner air temperature in hot summer could be divided into two groups closed to outdoor temperature area,which were high temperature zone ranged from 28 to 32℃ and low zone ranged 24-27℃.Indoor humidity,outdoor temperature,outdoor ground surface temperature,outdoor CO2 concentration were positively correlated(0.54*,0.54*,0.46*,0.44*,0.52*).
2015, 30(7): 693-696.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.07.014
Abstract:
The bacitracin-producing Bacillus licheniformis ZZ061 was isolated from an aquaculture facility.From the isolated bacteria,mutants with enhanced capability of generating bacitrcin were bred by means of ARTP mutagenesis.In the process,Micrococcus luteus was used as the indicator bacterium,and the bacteriostatic circle method employed for the screening.One of the mutants,SF1406,showed the greatest increase,i.e.,130% higher than the wild strain,in its bacitrcin productivity.Subsequently,an orthogonal experiment was conducted to optimize the culture medium formulation.It was found that the medium consisting of 3% corn starch,1.5%ammonium sulfate,1%soybean powder and 3%sucrose rendered the most desirable results with an additional 44%productivity increase on the yield of 810U·mL-1.
The bacitracin-producing Bacillus licheniformis ZZ061 was isolated from an aquaculture facility.From the isolated bacteria,mutants with enhanced capability of generating bacitrcin were bred by means of ARTP mutagenesis.In the process,Micrococcus luteus was used as the indicator bacterium,and the bacteriostatic circle method employed for the screening.One of the mutants,SF1406,showed the greatest increase,i.e.,130% higher than the wild strain,in its bacitrcin productivity.Subsequently,an orthogonal experiment was conducted to optimize the culture medium formulation.It was found that the medium consisting of 3% corn starch,1.5%ammonium sulfate,1%soybean powder and 3%sucrose rendered the most desirable results with an additional 44%productivity increase on the yield of 810U·mL-1.
2015, 30(7): 697-700.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.07.015
Abstract:
By using specific primers designed on the basis of conserved sequences of coat protein gene,a multiplex PCR protocol for the detection of 3commonly found disease-causing viruses,i.e.,Cymbidium mosaic(CyMV),Odontoglossum ringspot(ORSV)and bean yellow mosaic(BYMV),in Oncidium was developed.Three specific fragments were simultaneously amplified in a single PCR reaction system.Their molecular weights were determined to be 571 bp for CyMV,325 bp for ORSV,and 212 bp for BYMV.Sequence analysis indicated that the 3viruses were at least 98% homogenous with their respective reference viruses.The sensitivity test on this newly developed methodology showed that it was capable of accurately detecting the 3viruses simultaneously in a bulbous iris tissue at the level of 10-2 mg.
By using specific primers designed on the basis of conserved sequences of coat protein gene,a multiplex PCR protocol for the detection of 3commonly found disease-causing viruses,i.e.,Cymbidium mosaic(CyMV),Odontoglossum ringspot(ORSV)and bean yellow mosaic(BYMV),in Oncidium was developed.Three specific fragments were simultaneously amplified in a single PCR reaction system.Their molecular weights were determined to be 571 bp for CyMV,325 bp for ORSV,and 212 bp for BYMV.Sequence analysis indicated that the 3viruses were at least 98% homogenous with their respective reference viruses.The sensitivity test on this newly developed methodology showed that it was capable of accurately detecting the 3viruses simultaneously in a bulbous iris tissue at the level of 10-2 mg.
2015, 30(7): 701-704.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.07.016
Abstract:
The physiological races of Phytophthora infestans isolated in 2014 from tomatoes in Fujian were studied.Seven physiological races from the 78 isolates were identified in 5hosts.Among them,T1,2 was the most widely distributed and predominant in the province with an appearance frequency of 28.20%.The occurrence frequency of the virulent genes resistant to Ph-1,Ph-2,Ph-3,Ph-4and Ph-5 were 100%,64.1%,35.09%,35.09% and26.92%,respectively.It appeared that the tomato cultivars carrying Ph-1and Ph-2genes had become susceptible to the prevalent races of P.infestans in Fujian.
The physiological races of Phytophthora infestans isolated in 2014 from tomatoes in Fujian were studied.Seven physiological races from the 78 isolates were identified in 5hosts.Among them,T1,2 was the most widely distributed and predominant in the province with an appearance frequency of 28.20%.The occurrence frequency of the virulent genes resistant to Ph-1,Ph-2,Ph-3,Ph-4and Ph-5 were 100%,64.1%,35.09%,35.09% and26.92%,respectively.It appeared that the tomato cultivars carrying Ph-1and Ph-2genes had become susceptible to the prevalent races of P.infestans in Fujian.
2015, 30(7): 705-708.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.07.017
Abstract:
Growth characteristics of Phytophthora palmivora that causes the cymbidium blight in Fujian were studied.The results showed that(a)the pathogen grew differently on different media,(b)the bacteria grew the fastest on V8 juice,and the slowest on water-agar among various media,(c)the bacterial colonies formed on different media differed in size in the order of V8juice>cymbidium leaf extract>tomato juice>PDA=PSA>corn flour>water-agar,(d)the averaged difference between the largest and the smallest colonies was 3.23 cm in diameter,(e)the morphology of the colonies grown on different media varied appreciably,(f)beef extract seemed to be the best nitrogen source for the bacterial growth,while mannitol the best for carbon,(g)the pathogen could grow in the range of 15-35℃ and pH 3-10,with the optimum temperature at 30℃and pH of 6,(h)the lethal temperature for the mycelia was 50℃,and(i)the bacteria seemed to thrive under alternated light and dark conditions.
Growth characteristics of Phytophthora palmivora that causes the cymbidium blight in Fujian were studied.The results showed that(a)the pathogen grew differently on different media,(b)the bacteria grew the fastest on V8 juice,and the slowest on water-agar among various media,(c)the bacterial colonies formed on different media differed in size in the order of V8juice>cymbidium leaf extract>tomato juice>PDA=PSA>corn flour>water-agar,(d)the averaged difference between the largest and the smallest colonies was 3.23 cm in diameter,(e)the morphology of the colonies grown on different media varied appreciably,(f)beef extract seemed to be the best nitrogen source for the bacterial growth,while mannitol the best for carbon,(g)the pathogen could grow in the range of 15-35℃ and pH 3-10,with the optimum temperature at 30℃and pH of 6,(h)the lethal temperature for the mycelia was 50℃,and(i)the bacteria seemed to thrive under alternated light and dark conditions.
2015, 30(7): 709-717.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.07.018
Abstract:
Vibrio parahaemolyticus(Vp)is a halophilic gram-negative bacterium.It widely exists in warm water fishes,shrimps and shellfishes.The seafood carriers,when ingested,can cause the typical gastroenteritis symptoms including diarrhea,intestinal cramps,nausea and vomiting.When a patient is seriously infected,septicemia and kidney failure may result.The rate of the food poisoning incidents caused by Vp has increased drastically in recent years,reaching the top of the list among all foodborne illnesses.With the wide-spread nature and seriousness of the diseases in humans,the need for a rapid,sensitive,low-cost and effective detection method has become apparent.Methodologies based on the virulence factors that apply the molecular biology techniques including PCR,Loopmediated isothermal amplification,nucleic acid probe and gene chip,as well as the immunology tools,such as ELISA and the immune colloidal gold,are being explored.This article evaluates the relevant methods to provide a comprehensive reference for the related studies.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus(Vp)is a halophilic gram-negative bacterium.It widely exists in warm water fishes,shrimps and shellfishes.The seafood carriers,when ingested,can cause the typical gastroenteritis symptoms including diarrhea,intestinal cramps,nausea and vomiting.When a patient is seriously infected,septicemia and kidney failure may result.The rate of the food poisoning incidents caused by Vp has increased drastically in recent years,reaching the top of the list among all foodborne illnesses.With the wide-spread nature and seriousness of the diseases in humans,the need for a rapid,sensitive,low-cost and effective detection method has become apparent.Methodologies based on the virulence factors that apply the molecular biology techniques including PCR,Loopmediated isothermal amplification,nucleic acid probe and gene chip,as well as the immunology tools,such as ELISA and the immune colloidal gold,are being explored.This article evaluates the relevant methods to provide a comprehensive reference for the related studies.
2015, 30(7): 718-725.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.07.019
Abstract:
This article presents the survey results and literature review on the current status,research progress and future development of the agriculture of Mesona chinensis Benth in the province.The changes took place in the recent past on the planting area,output and market price of the crop,as well as the research on the resource,chemical constituents,breeding,cultivation and development trend of the agriculture,are discussed.This report could provide a basic reference for the management of the industry and further studies on M.chinensis Benth-related subjects.
This article presents the survey results and literature review on the current status,research progress and future development of the agriculture of Mesona chinensis Benth in the province.The changes took place in the recent past on the planting area,output and market price of the crop,as well as the research on the resource,chemical constituents,breeding,cultivation and development trend of the agriculture,are discussed.This report could provide a basic reference for the management of the industry and further studies on M.chinensis Benth-related subjects.
