Effect of Warm Drinking Water in Winter on Growth and Immunology of Post-Weaning Piglets
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摘要: 冬季低温饮水不利于断奶仔猪的生长发育。本试验设计了在规模化猪场保育猪舍适用的恒温饮水系统，实现饮水的恒温化，比较分析饮用温水的试验组与冷水对照组仔猪在生长性能和免疫水平上的变化。结果显示，与对照组相比，试验组仔猪饮水日均和昼夜水温均稳定于26℃左右（24.5~26.6℃）；试验组温水的总菌和大肠杆菌数远低于对照组；试验组仔猪平均日增重较对照组提高4.15%（P < 0.01），日均采食量较对照组提高7.76%（P < 0.05），腹泻率仅为对照组的43%（P < 0.01）。两组仔猪在IgG、IgM和IgA水平，以及猪圆环病毒和猪瘟病毒抗体水平上无明显差异（P>0.05）。上述结果说明，饮用温水对于断奶仔猪的生长性能有明显促进作用，对免疫水平无明显影响。Abstract: Drinking cold water in winter is detrimental to the growth and development of post-weaning piglets.Thus, a system providing the piglets with warm drinking water at 26℃(ranging 24.5-26.6℃) in a scale-up swine farm was installed for the study. Changes on the growth and immunity of the piglets were monitored. The results indicated that the total bacteria and Escherichia coli counts in the warm drinking water for the treatment were significantly lower than those in the cold water for control. The average daily weight gain of the piglets in the treatment group was significantly higher than that of control by 4.15% (P < 0.01). The daily feed intake of the treatment piglets was significantly higher than that of control by 7.76%(P < 0.05). Whereas, the incidents of diarrhea in the treatment piglets were merely 43% of that incontrol group. There were no significant differences observed on the levels of IgG, IgM, IgA, porcine circovirus and classical swine fever virus antibodiesin the piglets between the treatment group and control (P>0.05). It appeared that the consumption of warm drinking water in cold weather could significantly improve the growth, without negatively affecting the immunology, of the post-weaning piglets.
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Key words:
- winter /
- cold water for drinking /
- warm drinking water system /
- post-weaning piglet /
- growth performance /
- immunology
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图 1 猪舍恒温循环水系统
注：方框为水循环系统和热循环系统，箭头所示方向为水流动方向。
Figure 1. A controlled-temperature warm drinking water system in swine farm
图 4 不同饮水处理断奶仔猪血清抗体水平
Figure 4. Serum antibody levels of piglets in treatment and control groups
图 5 不同饮水处理断奶仔猪圆环病毒和猪瘟病毒抗体水平
Figure 5. Levels of porcine circovirus and classical swine fever virus antibodies in piglets of treatment and control groups
表 1 饲料基础日粮组成与营养水平
Table 1. Composition and nutrients of feed for piglets
日粮成分 含量/% 营养成分 含量/% 玉米 53.00 消化能/(MJ·kg-1) 14.12 膨化大豆 8.00 粗蛋白质 20.2 鱼粉 4.00 钙 0.71 血浆蛋白粉 3.00 总磷 0.63 去皮豆粕 16.00 有效磷 0.48 低蛋白乳清粉 10.00 赖氨酸 1.36 大豆油 2.00 蛋氨酸 0.41 预混料* 4.00 半胱氨酸 0.78 合计 100.00 注：*预混料为每千克饲粮提供：维生素A 11 000 IU; 维生素D3 2 000 IU; 维生素E 55 mg; 维生素K3 1.1 mg; 维生素B1 2.2 mg; 维生素B2 3.5 mg; 维生素B6 3.2 mg; 维生素B12 0.05 mg; 烟酸26 mg; 泛酸12 mg; 生物素0.12 mg; 叶酸1.1 mg; 胆碱600 mg; Cu 150 mg; Fe 120 mg; Zn 110 mg; Mn 15 mg; I 0.15 mg; Se 0.3 mg。 
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表 2 两组断奶仔猪生长性能变化情况
Table 2. Changes on growth performance of piglets in treatment and control groups
项目 试验组 对照组 初始重/kg 6.07±0.26a 6.09±0.22a 末重/kg 14.39±0.42A 14.08±0.52B 平均日增重/g 277.36±15.68 A 266.31±15.97 B 日均采食量/g 333.3±10.19a 309.3±15.74b 饲料转换率 1.2±0.06a 1.16±0.09a 腹泻率/% 2.07±0.19A 4.8±0.36B 注：同行数据后不同大、小写字母表示差异极显著(P < 0.01)或差异显著(P < 0.05)。
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