Fecal N and P of Pigs at Final Growth Stage under Different Feeding Programs
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摘要:
目的 比较研究两种阶段肥育法对生长肥育猪粪氮和粪磷排放量的影响。 方法 选用平均体重19.5±1.6 kg的杜长大三元杂交生长猪72头，随机分为2个组，每组6个重复，每个重复6头猪，对照组采用“三阶段”育肥法，三阶段划分为：20~50、50~80、80~120 kg，试验组采用“五阶段”育肥法，五阶段划分为：20~35、35~55、55~75、75~95、95~120 kg。 结果 结果表明，两种阶段育肥法饲粮氮、磷表观消化率相近；与“三阶段”育肥法相比，“五阶段”育肥法生长肥育猪全期饲粮氮总摄入量减少5.17%（P < 0.05），饲粮磷总摄入量减少8.79%（P < 0.05），粪氮排放量减少6.10%（P < 0.05），粪磷排放量减少8.64%（P < 0.05）。 结论 采用“五阶段”育肥法，能显著降低生长肥育猪饲粮氮、磷摄入量和粪氮、磷排放量，具有良好的生态环境效益。 Abstract:Objective The N and P in the excretion of pigs at final growth stage fed under two different feeding programs were compared for forage utilization and ecological effect on the environment. Method A total of 72 growing Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire pigs weighing 19.5±1.6 kg were randomly divided into two groups with 6 replicates of 6 pigs each. The groups were fed under two different programs:a 3-phase-feeding at 20-50 kg, 50-80 kg, and 80-120 kg pig weight stages or a 5-phase-feeding at 20-35 kg, 35-55 kg, 55-75 kg, 75-95 kg, and 95-120 kg pig weight stages. The fecal N and P of the pigs were determined for the analysis. Result The variation on feeding program did not cause significant difference on the apparent N and P digestibility of the pigs. On the other hand, comparing to the 3-phase-feeding, the pigs under the 5-phase-feeding program showed significant reductions of 5.17% on total dietary N intake (P < 0.05) and of 8.79% on P (P < 0.05), as well as of 6.10% on fecal N (P < 0.05) and of 8.64% on fecal P (P < 0.05). Conclusion Feeding the pigs at final growth stage on the 5-phase program reduced the forage consumption and also the N and P in excretion of the animals resulting in financial as well as ecological benefits. -
Key words:
- 5-phase-feeding /
- 3-phase-feeding /
- fecal N and P /
- pig at final growth stage
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表 1 饲粮组成与营养水平
Table 1. Nutritional composition of forages
三阶段育肥Three-stage growing-finishing method/kg 20~50 50~80 80~120 五阶段育肥Five-stage growing-finishing method/kg 20~35 35~55 55~75 75~95 95~120 饲粮组成Compose of diet 玉米Corn/% 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 豆粕Soybean meal/% 23.00 20.00 18.50 14.50 11.00 麦皮Wheat bran/% 3.00 6.00 7.50 11.50 15.00 78.0% L-赖氨酸盐酸盐78.0% L-Lys·HCl/% 0.29 0.29 0.28 0.23 0.21 99.0% DL-蛋氨酸99.0% DL-Met/% 0.12 0.10 0.09 0.04 98.5% L-苏氨酸98.5% L-Thr/% 0.04 0.08 0.07 0.04 0.02 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 /% 1.01 0.65 0.30 石粉Limestone/% 1.21 1.30 1.40 1.34 1.23 50%氯化胆碱50% Choline chloride/% 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.07 0.07 食盐NaCl/% 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 沸石粉Zeolite powder/% 0.33 0.58 0.87 1.38 1.57 预混料Premix①/% 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 合计Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 营养水平/%② 消化能DE/(MJ·kg-1) 13.39 13.31 13.22 13.06 12.89 粗蛋白质CP/% 16.16 15.23 14.68 13.66 12.67 赖氨酸Lys/% 1.02 0.96 0.92 0.80 0.70 可消化赖氨酸Digestible lysine/% 0.93 0.86 0.82 0.70 0.61 可消化蛋氨酸Digestible methionine/% 0.34 0.31 0.29 0.23 0.23 可消化蛋氨酸+可消化胱氨酸Digestible methionine+Digestible cystine/% 0.56 0.52 0.49 0.42 0.38 可消化苏氨酸Digestible threonine/% 0.60 0.56 0.53 0.46 0.40 可消化色氨酸Digestible tryptophan/% 0.19 0.17 0.16 0.14 0.12 钙Ca/% 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.54 0.50 总磷TP/% 0.53 0.48 0.42 0.38 0.30 注：①0.50%预混料向每kg饲粮添加：小猪：VA 8 000 IU，VD3 2 000 IU，VE 35.00 mg，VK3 2.60 mg，VB1 2.60 mg，VB2 8.50 mg，VB6 2.60 mg，VB12 0.03 mg，烟酸28.00 mg，泛酸20.00 mg，叶酸0.30 mg，生物素0.26 mg，Fe 100 mg，Cu 20 mg，Zn 80 mg，Mn 25 mg，I 0.80 mg，Se 0.40 mg；生长猪：VA 6 500 IU，VD3 1 600 IU，VE 30.00 mg，VK3 2.00 mg，VB1 2.00 mg，VB2 7.50 mg，VB6 2.00 mg，VB12 0.025 mg，烟酸23.00 mg，泛酸15.00 mg，叶酸0.25 mg，生物素0.20 mg，Fe 90 mg，Cu 20 mg，Zn 70 mg，Mn 20 mg，I 0.60 mg，Se 0.35 mg；肥育猪：VA 5 000 IU，VD3 1 200 IU，VE 30.00 mg，VK3 1.50 mg，VB1 1.50 mg，VB2 6.50 mg，VB6 1.50 mg，VB12 0.02 mg，烟酸20.00 mg，泛酸钙12.00 mg，叶酸0.20 mg，生物素0.15 mg，Fe 80 mg，Cu 20 mg，Zn 70 mg，Mn 20 mg，I 0.60 mg，Se 0.30 mg；②除粗蛋白质为实测值，其余营养素均为计算值，参考NRC(1998)饲养标准计算。
Note：①The premix provided the following per kg of diets：For piglet stage, VA 8 000 IU，VD3 2 000 IU，VE 35.00 mg，VK3 2.60 mg，VB1 2.60 mg，VB2 8.50 mg，VB6 2.60 mg，VB12 0.03 mg，nicotinic acid 28.00 mg，pantothenic acid 20.00 mg，folic acid 0.30 mg，biotin 0.26 mg，Fe 100 mg，Cu 20 mg，Zn 80 mg，Mn 25 mg，I 0.80 mg，Se 0.40 mg.For growth stage, VA 6 500 IU，VD3 1 600 IU，VE 30.00 mg，VK3 2.00 mg，VB1 2.00 mg，VB2 7.50 mg，VB6 2.00 mg，VB12 0.025 mg，nicotinic acid 23.00 mg，pantothenic acid 15.00 mg，folic acid 0.25 mg，biotin 0.20 mg，Fe 90 mg，Cu 20 mg，Zn 70 g，Mn 20 g，I 0.60 g，Se 0.35 mg.For growth stage, VA 6 500 IU，VD3 1 600 IU，VE 30.00 mg，VK3 2.00 mg，VB1 2.00 mg，VB2 7.50 mg，VB6 2.00 mg，VB12 0.025 mg，nicotinic acid 23.00 mg，pantothenic acid 15.00 mg，folic acid 0.25 mg，biotin 0.20 mg，Fe 90 mg，Cu 20 mg，Zn 70 g，Mn 20 g，I 0.60 g，Se 0.35 mg.For finale stage, VA 5 000 IU，VD3 1 200 IU，VE 30.00 mg，VK3 1.50 mg，VB1 1.50 mg，VB2 6.50 mg，VB6 1.50 mg，VB12 0.02 mg，nicotinic acid 20.00 mg，pantothenic acid 12.00 mg，folic acid 0.20 mg，biotin 0.15 mg，Fe 80 mg，Cu 20 mg，Zn 70 g，Mn 20 g，I 0.60 g，Se 0.30 mg.②Crude protein levels were analyzed values and the others were calculated according to NRC (1998) feeding standard.
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表 2 “五阶段”育肥法对生长肥育猪氮表观消化率和粪氮排放量的影响
Table 2. Effect of 5-phase-feeding on apparent N digestibility and fecal N in pigs at final growth stage
项目
Items育肥阶段Growing-finishing stages 20~35 kg 35~55 kg 55~75 kg 75~95 kg 95~120 kg 平均摄入氮Average N intake/(g·d-1) 39.04±3.12 44.35±2.65 50.73±3.79 59.45±2.95 70.75±4.01 氮吸收量N absorption/(g·d-1) 30.20±4.33 34.42±2.26 39.70±3.53 46.71±3.67 55.72±4.25 粪氮排出量Fecal N excretion/(g·d-1) 8.84±4.02 9.93±4.57 10.53±3.26 12.74±4.43 15.03±4.81 氮表观消化率Apparent N digestibility/% 77.35±4.59 77.62±5.23 78.26±3.51 78.57±5.16 78.76±4.37 饲养天数Feeding days/d 24 30 26 24 23 阶段氮排出量Stage fecal N excretion/g 212.16±34.25 297.90±23.33 273.78±33.72 305.76±34.16 345.69±34.58
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表 3 “三阶段”肥育法对生长肥育猪氮表观消化率和粪氮排放量的影响
Table 3. Effect of 3-phase-feeding on apparent N digestibility and fecal N in pigs at final growth stage
项目
Items育肥阶段Growing-finishing stages 20~50 kg 50~80 kg 80~120 kg 平均摄入氮Average N intake/(g·d-1) 42.40±4.72 51.67±3.63 75.84±4.66 氮吸收量N absorption/(g·d-1) 32.83±3.13 40.41±4.05 59.68±2.51 粪氮排出量Fecal N excretion/(g·d-1) 9.57±3.49 11.26±3.96 16.16±4.17 氮表观消化率Apparent N digestibility/% 77.43±5.23 78.20±4.73 78.69±4.36 饲养天数Feeding days/d 49 41 37 阶段氮排出量Stage fecal N excretion/g 468.93±45.33 461.66±34.47 597.92±45.64
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表 4 “五阶段”肥育法对生长肥育猪磷表观消化率和粪磷排放量的影响
Table 4. Effect of 5-phase-feeding on apparent P digestibility and fecal P in pigs at final growth stage
项目
Items育肥阶段Growing-finishing stages 20~35 kg 35~55 kg 55~75 kg 75~95 kg 95~120 kg 平均摄入磷Average P intake/(g·d-1) 8.00±1.12 8.74±1.03 9.07±0.71 10.34±0.65 10.47±0.53 磷吸收量P absorption/(g·d-1) 5.08±1.02 5.56±0.91 5.83±0.76 6.69±0.78 6.82±0.47 粪磷排出量Fecal P excretion/(g·d-1) 2.92±1.04 3.18±0.95 3.24±0.72 3.65±0.69 3.05±0.51 磷表观消化率Apparent P digestibility/% 63.53±3.38 63.61±3.29 64.31±3.71 64.67±3.12 65.15±4.02 饲养天数Feeding days/d 24 30 26 24 23 阶段磷排出量Stage fecal P excretion/g 70.08±5.32 95.40±5.66 84.24±4.27 87.60±6.01 83.95±5.22
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表 5 “三阶段”育肥法对生长肥育猪磷表观消化率和粪磷排放量的影响
Table 5. Effect of 3-phase-feeding on apparent P digestibility and fecal P in pigs at final growth stage
项目
Items育肥阶段Growing-finishing stages 20~50 kg 50~80 kg 80~120 kg 平均摄入磷Average P intake/(g·d-1) 8.69±1.07 9.24±0.86 13.19±0.61 磷吸收量P absorption/(g·d-1) 5.53±0.93 5.93±0.79 8.58±0.59 粪磷排出量Fecal P excretion/(g·d-1) 3.16±0.89 3.31±0.84 4.61±0.57 磷表观消化率Apparent P digestibility/% 63.57±3.29 64.20±3.73 65.05±3.46 饲养天数Feeding days/d 49 41 37 阶段磷排出量Stage fecal P excretion/g 154.84±10.35 135.71±16.27 170.57±16.16
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表 6 两种阶段肥育法全期粪N、P排放量对比
Table 6. Effect of two feeding programs on fecal N and P of pigs at final growth stage
项目
Items五阶段肥育
Five-phase-
feeding三阶段肥育
Three-phase-
feeding全期饲粮N摄入量Total feed N intake/kg 6.64±0.04a 7.00±0.04b 全期饲粮P摄入量Total feed P intake/kg 1.18±0.02a 1.29±0.03b 全期粪N排泄量Total fecal N excretion/kg 1.44±0.05a 1.53±0.08b 全期粪P排泄量Total fecal P excretion/kg 0.42±0.03a 0.46±0.03b 注：同行数据不同肩标小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Note：In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P < 0.05).
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