白术根腐病病原菌分离鉴定、生物学特性及植物源农药筛选

谷清义; 张耀洲; 吴晓亚; 黄雅琴; 乔新荣; 申君

白术根腐病病原菌分离鉴定、生物学特性及植物源农药筛选

1.
信阳农林学院药学院，河南　信阳　464000

基金项目: 河南省高等学校重点科研项目（21B210009）；信阳农林学院青年教师科研基金（QN2021060）；河南省科技攻关项目（222102110247）

详细信息

作者简介:
谷清义（1982 — ），男，硕士，助教，主要从事农药研究，E-mail：271490029@qq.com

通讯作者:
申君（1984 — ），女，博士，副教授，主要从事农药研究，E-mail：shenjun996@163.com

中图分类号: S436
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-25
- 修回日期: 2024-01-12
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-28

Isolation, identification, biological characteristics, and indoor drug screening of the pathogenic bacteria of Atractylodes macrocephala root rot disease

摘要

摘要: 目的明确河南信阳地区白术根腐病病原菌种属，研究其生物学特性并筛选可用于防控其病原菌的植物源农药。方法从种植区采集病株，室内分离病原菌并纯化，利用形态学和多基因联合分析对病原菌进行鉴定，并对病原菌的生物学特性进行研究，利用菌丝生长速率法评价3种植物源杀菌剂对其菌落的抑制作用。结果该病原菌菌丝白色，孢子呈卵圆形，两端稍尖，大型分生孢子3～5隔，大小为（7～10） μm×（3～4） μm，小型分生孢子2隔或无格，大小为（3～5） μm×（1～2） μm，多基因联合分析表明该病原菌与藤仓镰刀菌（Fusarium fujikuroi）同源性高，结合形态学特征与分子生物学分析将信阳白术根腐病病原菌鉴定为藤仓镰刀菌（Fusarium fujikuroi），这是藤仓镰刀菌引起白术根腐病的首次报道。生物学特性研究显示，该病原菌最适培养条件为温度28 ℃、pH为7，最适生长碳源为蔗糖，最适生长氮源为硝酸钾。3种植物源杀菌剂中，0.3%丁子香酚可溶液剂的EC₅₀为6.906 mg·L⁻¹，高于其他供试药剂，对病原菌的毒力最强。结论河南信阳地区白术根腐病病原菌为藤仓镰刀菌，最适培养条件为温度28 ℃、pH为7，最适生长碳源为蔗糖，最适生长氮源为硝酸钾。该研究结果为信阳地区白术根腐病科学防控提供了依据。
- 白术 /
- 根腐病 /
- 藤仓镰刀菌 /
- 植物源杀菌剂
Abstract: : Objective In order to identify the pathogenic genera of Atractylodes macrocephala root rot disease in Xinyang, Henan Province, study their biological characteristics, and screen for Botanical fungicides that can be used for prevention and control. Method Morphological and multi gene analysis were used to identify the pathogens, and the biological characteristics of the pathogens were studied. Result The pathogen has white hyphae, oval shaped spores with slightly pointed ends, and large conidia with 3-5 septa and sizes of 7-10μm×3-4μm. Small conidia with 2 compartments or no compartments, size 3-5μm × 1-2μm. Multi gene joint analysis showed that the pathogen had high homology with Fusarium Fujikuroi. Combining morphological characteristics and molecular biology analysis, the pathogen of Atractylodes macrocephala root rot in Xinyang was identified as Fusarium Fujikuroi. This is the first report of Fusarium Fujikuroi causing Atractylodes macrocephala root rot. Research on biological characteristics shows that the optimal cultivation conditions for this pathogen are temperature 28 ℃, pH 7, sucrose as the optimal carbon source for growth, and potassium nitrate as the optimal nitrogen source for growth. Among the three botanical fungicides, the EC₅₀ of 0.3% eugenol soluble agent is 6.906 mg/L, which is higher than other tested agents and has the strongest toxicity to pathogens.. Conclusion The pathogen of Atractylodes macrocephala root rot in Xinyang, Henan Province is Fusarium fuciformis. The optimal cultivation conditions are temperature 28 ℃, pH 7, sucrose as the carbon source for growth, and potassium nitrate as the nitrogen source for growth. The research results provide a basis for the scientific prevention and control of root rot disease of Atractylodes macrocephala in Xinyang area.
- Atractylodes macrocephala /
- root rot /
- Fusarium Fujikura /
- Botanical fungicides

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图 1 白术正常植物与患根腐病植株

注：图中1-6分别为正常植株、回接后患病植株、田间患病植株、正常根茎、回接后发病根茎、田间患病根茎。

Figure 1. Normal and the root rot disease of A. macrocephala

Note: 1-6 in the figures represent normal plants, diseased plants, normal rhizomes, and diseased rhizomes, respectively

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图 2 病原菌的形态特征

注：A-1为菌落正面；A-2为菌落反面；B-1为菌丝；B-2为大、小型分生孢子。

Figure 2. Morphological characteristics of pathogenic bacteria

Note: A-1 represents the positive side of the colony; A-2 represents the negative side of the colony; B-1 mycelium; B-2 macroconidium and microconidium.

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图 3 基于ITS序列构建的系统发育树

Figure 3. Phylogenetic tree constructed based on ITS sequence

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图 4 基于TUB2序列构建的系统发育树

Figure 4. Phylogenetic tree constructed based on TUB2 sequence

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图 5 基于GAPDH序列构建的系统发育树

Figure 5. Phylogenetic tree constructed based on GAPDH sequence

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图 6 基于ACT序列构建的系统发育树

Figure 6. Phylogenetic tree constructed based on ACT sequence

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图 7 不同温度对病原菌生长的影响

注：图A：10、15、25、28、30 ℃条件下培养5 d的菌丝长度；不同字母表示处理间差异达显著水平（P＜0.05），图8～10同。图B：数字1-5分别为10、15、25、28、30 ℃条件下培养5 d的菌落大小。

Figure 7. Effect of Different Temperatures on the Growth of Pathogens

Note: Fig.A:the mycelial length cultured at 10 °C, 15 °C, 25 °C, 28 °C and 30 °C for 5 d. Different letters indicated that the difference between treatments was significant ( P ＜ 0.05 ), Same for Figs 8-10.Fig.B:Num.1-5 show colonies cultured at 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 25 ℃, 28 ℃, and 30 ℃ for 5 d, respectively.

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图 8 不同pH对病原菌生长的影响

注：图A：pH 5、6、7、8、9条件下培养5 d的菌丝长度；图B：数字1-5分别为pH 5、6、7、8、9条件下培养5 d的菌落大小。

Figure 8. Effect of different pH on the growth of pathogenic bacteria

Note: Fig.A:the mycelial length cultured at pH 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 for 5 d. Fig.B:Num.1-5 show colonies cultured at pH 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 for 5 d.

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图 9 不同碳源对病原菌生长的影响

注：图A：淀粉、乳糖、果糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖条件下培养5 d的菌丝长度；图B：数字1-5分别为淀粉、乳糖、果糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖条件下培养5 d的菌落大小。

Figure 9. Effect of Different Carbon Sources on the Growth of Pathogens

Note: Fig.A:the mycelial length cultured at Soluble starch, Lactose, Fructose, Sucrose, Glucose, Maltose for 5 d. Fig.B:Num.1-5 show colonies cultured at Soluble starch, Lactose, Fructose, Sucrose, Glucose, Maltose for 5 d.

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图 10 不同氮源对病原菌生长的影响

注：图A：硫酸铵、尿素、硝酸钾、硝酸铵、谷氨酸、丙氨酸条件下培养5 d的菌丝长度；图B：数字1-5分别为硫酸铵、尿素、硝酸钾、硝酸铵、谷氨酸、丙氨酸条件下培养5 d的菌落大小。

Figure 10. Effect of different nitrogen sources on the growth of pathogenic bacteria

Note: Fig.A:the mycelial length cultured at Sodium nitrate, Urea, Potassium nitrate, Ammonium nitrate, Glutamice, Alanine for 5 d. Fig.B:Num.1-5 show colonies cultured at Sodium nitrate, Urea, Potassium nitrate, Ammonium nitrate, Glutamice, Alanine for 5 d.

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表 1 引物信息

Table 1. Primer information

基因 Gene	引物 Primer	序列 Sequence
ITS	ITS1	5'-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3′
	ITS4	5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′
ACT	ACT-512F	5′-ATGTGCAAGGCCGGTTTCGC-3′
	ACT-783R	5′-TACGAGTCCTTCTGGCCCAT-3′
TUB-2	T1	5′-GCCGTCAACGACCCCTTCATTGA-3′
	Bt2	5′-ACCCTCAGTGTAGTGACCCTTGGC-3′
GAPDH	GDF1	5′-GCCGTCAACGACCCCTTCATTGA-3′
	GDR1	5′-GGGTGGAGTCGTACTTGAGCATGT-3′

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表 2 3种植物源农药室内毒力测定浓度设置

Table 2. Concentration settings for indoor toxicity determination of three plant-based pesticides

供试药剂 Pesticide	药剂浓度 Pesticide concentration/（μg·mL⁻¹）
1%蛇床子素EW 1% osthole EW	200、 100、 50、 25、 12.5
0.5%小檗碱AS 0.5% berberine AS	250、 125、 62.5、 31.25、15.625
0.3%丁子香酚SL 0.3% eugenol SL	60、 30、 15、 7.5、 3.75
CK	—

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表 3 3种植物源杀菌剂对白术根腐病病原菌的室内毒力测定

Table 3. Indoor toxicity test results of plant-based fungicides on Fusarium fujikuroi

药剂名称 Pesticide	毒力回归方程 Toxicity regression equation	R²	EC₅₀ 值 EC₅₀ value/(mg·L⁻¹)
0.3% 丁子香酚SL 0.3% eugenol SL	y=1.2062x+3.9877	0.9919	6.906
0.5% 小檗碱AS 0.5% berberine AS	y=1.0629x+2.7199	0.9907	139.637
1% 蛇床子素EW 1% osthole EW	y=1.2181x+3.5096	0.9909	16.749

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