生物炭对林地土壤团聚体稳定性与肥料氮分布的影响

张伟婷; 郭宇轩; 魏圆慧; 贾广昊; 毛艳玲

生物炭对林地土壤团聚体稳定性与肥料氮分布的影响

张伟婷^{1, 2,},
郭宇轩^{1, 2},
魏圆慧^{1, 2},
贾广昊^{1, 2},
毛艳玲^{1, 2, 3, ,}

1.
福建农林大学资源与环境学院，福建　福州　350002
2.
土壤生态系统健康与调控福建省高校重点实验室，福建　福州　350002
3.
自然生物资源保育利用福建省高校工程研究中心，福建　福州　350002

基金项目: 福建省财政厅项目（闽财指【2022】639号）；中央财政林业科技推广示范项目（闽[2023]TG25号）；福建农林大学科技创新专项基金项目（KFB23119A）

详细信息

作者简介:
张伟婷（2000 —），女，硕士研究生，主要从事土壤碳氮循环研究，E-mail：weitingz00@163.com

通讯作者:
毛艳玲（1970 —），女，博士，教授，主要从事土壤碳氮循环研究，E-mail：fafum@126.com

中图分类号: S156.6
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-19
- 修回日期: 2024-03-18
- 网络出版日期: 2024-04-03

Effect of biochar on the stability of soil aggregates and nitrogen distribution of fertilizer in woodland soil

ZHANG Weiting^{1, 2
,},
GUO Yuxuan^{1, 2},
WEI Yuanhui^{1, 2},
JIA Guanghao^{1, 2},
MAO Yanling^{1, 2, 3
, ,}

1.
College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
2.
University Key Lab of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
3.
Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation & Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China

摘要

摘要: 目的林地土壤抗侵蚀能力渗透性及保水性与土壤团聚体结构稳定性紧密相关，氮素的固持与分布直接影响林下植被生长与林地土壤团聚体形成。研究生物炭添加对林地土壤结构稳定性与残留氮素分配的影响，可以为增强林地土壤团聚体稳定性、提高土壤氮素固持水平提供参考。方法基于福建省林地土壤进行盆栽试验（1 年），设置4 个处理：对照（CK）、化肥（F）、木炭+化肥（MC）、秸秆炭+化肥（JC），除CK外，化肥及生物炭处理均每盆施用尿素、过磷酸钙、氯化钾1 g、2.19 g、0.44 g，追肥¹⁵N-尿素，共追施5 g，生物炭施用量为每盆140 g。测定不同处理土壤团聚体组成、团聚体稳定性指标、团聚体氮素含量与分布，结合¹⁵N示踪技术分析肥料氮在土壤团聚体内的残留特点，揭示生物炭对林地土壤团聚体稳定性与氮素分配的影响。结果（1）与F处理相比，MC与JC处理显著提高了土壤大团聚体含量，其中＞2 mm土壤团聚体增幅最大，分别增长了108.92%与119.11%；（2）施用生物炭增强了土壤团聚体稳定性，MC与JC处理平均重量直径（MWD）、几何平均直径（GMD）及＞0.25 mm大团聚体含量（R_＞0.25 _mm）团聚体稳定性指标较F处理均显著提升，分形维数值（D）显著下降，JC处理土壤团聚体稳定性优于MC处理；（3）施用生物炭提高了不同粒径土壤团聚体中全氮含量，MC处理土壤全氮总量高于JC处理，二者的＞2 mm团聚体氮素贡献率较F处理分别显著增加了38.09%与69.10%；（4）施用生物炭使0.25～2 mm粒级团聚体δ¹⁵N富集，MC与JC处理土壤肥料氮残留量以＞0.25 mm粒级最多，较F处理显著增加了2.25 倍与3.89 倍，土壤大团聚体中氮肥残留量与团聚体稳定性显著正相关。结论施用生物炭有利于增强林地土壤团聚体稳定性，减少土壤氮素与肥料淋失，肥料氮在大团聚体中的固持高于微团聚体，秸秆炭对土壤团聚体稳定性提升效果更显著，木炭施用更有利于土壤氮素含量增加。
- 生物炭 /
- 团聚体稳定性 /
- 氮肥利用 /
- ¹⁵N标记 /
- 林地土壤结构
Abstract: Objective Soil erosion resistance, permeability, and water retention of woodland soils are closely related to the structural stability of soil aggregates. The study on the effects of biochar addition on soil structure stability and residual nitrogen distribution can provide reference for enhancing the stability of soil aggregates and improving the level of soil nitrogen retention. Method In this study a pot experiment (1 year) was conducted based on the woodland soil in Fujian Province and four treatments were set up: control (CK), chemical fertilizer (F), wood biochar + chemical fertilizer (MC), and straw biochar + chemical fertilizer (JC). In addition to CK, the application amounts of urea, superphosphate and potassium chloride in each basin were 1g, 2.19g and 0.44g, respectively. ¹⁵N-urea was used for topdressing, a total of 5g was applied, and the application amount of biochar was 140g per basin. The effects of biochar on soil aggregate stability and nitrogen distribution were analyzed by measuring soil aggregate content, aggregate stability index, aggregate nitrogen content and distribution, combined with¹⁵N tracer technology to analyze the residual characteristics of fertilizer nitrogen in soil aggregates. Results (1) Compared with F treatment, MC and JC treatment significantly increased the content of soil macroaggregates, and the content of soil macroaggregates ＞2 mm increased the most, by 108.92% and 119.11%, respectively. (2)The application of biochar enhanced the stability of soil aggregates. Compared with F treatment, the stability indexes of MWD, GMD and aggregates with R_＞0.25mm under MC and JC treatment were significantly increased, while D was significantly decreased. The stability of soil aggregates under JC treatment was better than that under MC treatment.(3) The application of biochar increased the total nitrogen content of soil aggregates of different particle sizes, and the total nitrogen content of MC treatment was higher than that of JC, and the nitrogen contribution rate of aggregates ＞2 mm was significantly increased by 38.09% and 69.10%, respectively, compared with F treatment. (4) The application of biochar enriched δ¹⁵N in 0.25～2 mm aggregates, and the residue nitrogen of soil fertilizer under MC and JC treatment was the highest in ＞0.25 mm aggregates, which significantly increased by 2.25 times and 3.89 times compared with F treatment. The residual nitrogen fertilizer in soil large aggregates was significantly positively correlated with the stability of aggregates. Conclusion The application of biochar can enhance the stability of soil aggregates and reduce the loss of soil nitrogen and fertilizer. The retention of fertilizer nitrogen in large aggregates is higher than that in micro-aggregates. Straw biochar has a more significant effect on the stability of soil aggregates, and wood biochar application is more conducive to the increase of soil nitrogen content.
- Biochar /
- Aggregate stability /
- Nitrogen fertilizer utilization /
- The ¹⁵N mark /
- Woodland soil structure

HTML全文

图 1 生物炭对土壤团聚体全氮含量的影响

同一粒径土壤团聚体不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。图中误差线选用SD值表示各处理重复间标准差。下同。

Figure 1. Effect of biochar on the total nitrogen content of soil aggregates

Different lowercase letters of soil aggregates of the same particle size indicate significant differences between treatments (P＜0.05). The SD is used for the error line to represent the standard deviation between each treatment replicate. the same below

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图 2 生物炭对土壤团聚体全氮相对贡献率的影响

Figure 2. Effect of biochar on the relative contribution rate of total nitrogen in soil aggregates

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图 3 生物炭对土壤团聚体δ¹⁵N含量的影响

Figure 3. Effect of biochar on the δ¹⁵N content of soil aggregates

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图 4 生物炭对土壤团聚体中肥料氮残留量的影响

Figure 4. Effect of biochar on fertilizer nitrogen residues in soil aggregates

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图 5 生物炭对土壤团聚体残留氮肥相对贡献率的影响

Figure 5. Effect of biochar on the relative contribution rate of residual nitrogen fertilizer in soil aggregates

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图 6 土壤团聚体稳定性与肥料氮残留量RDA分析

Figure 6. RDA analysis of soil aggregate stability and fertilizer nitrogen residues

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表 1 不同处理肥料施用量

Table 1. Fertilizer application amount of different treatments

处理 Treatment	每盆土壤肥料投入量 Fertilizer input per pot of soil/(g·盆⁻¹)
	追肥 After manuring	基肥 Base fertilizer
	¹⁵N-尿素 ¹⁵N（10.10%）	尿素 N（46%）	过磷酸钙 P₂O₅ （12%）	氯化钾 K₂O（60%）	木炭 Wood Biochar	秸秆炭 Straw Biochar
CK	0	0	0	0	0	0
F	5	1	2.19	0.44	0	0
MC	5	1	2.19	0.44	140	0
JC	5	1	2.19	0.44	0	140

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表 2 生物炭对土壤各粒级团聚体分布的影响

Table 2. Effects of biochar on the distribution of aggregates in soil

处理 Treatment	不同粒级土壤团聚体含量 Soil aggregate content/%
处理 Treatment	＞2 mm	0.25～2 mm	0.053～0.25 mm	＜0.053 mm
CK	1.30±0.47c	51.64±0.91c	12.45±0.68a	34.61±1.15a
F	3.14±0.73b	53.22±0.51c	11.25±0.27ab	32.39±0.75a
MC	6.56±0.66a	57.49±0.48b	10.46±0.75b	25.49±0.66b
JC	6.88±0.39a	60.77±0.33a	10.11±1.27b	22.24±1.22c
表中数值为平均值±标准差。同列数据后不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。下同。 Data is mean±SD. Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences between treatments （P＜0.05）. The same below.

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表 3 生物炭对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响

Table 3. Effect of biochar on the stability of soil aggregates

处理 Treatment	平均重量直径 MWD/mm	几何平均直径 GMD/mm	＞0.25 mm大团聚体含量 R_{＞0.25 mm}/%	分形维数 D
CK	0.69±0.04c	0.24±0.01c	52.94±0.45d	2.78±0.03a
F	0.81±0.05b	0.28±0.04c	56.36±0.22c	2.77±0.05a
MC	1.06±0.05a	0.39±0.01b	64.05±1.14b	2.72±0.16b
JC	1.12±0.03a	0.45±0.02a	67.65±0.72a	2.69±0.23b

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