畜禽粪便施用对红壤铝胁迫下油菜幼苗生长及光合荧光特性的影响

余居华; 王利民; 丁洪; 王煌平; 郑祥洲; 张玉树; 张银龙

畜禽粪便施用对红壤铝胁迫下油菜幼苗生长及光合荧光特性的影响

余居华^{1, 2, 3,},
王利民¹,
丁洪¹,
王煌平¹,
郑祥洲¹,
张玉树¹,
张银龙³

1.
福建省农业科学院资源环境与土壤肥料研究所/福建省植物营养与肥料重点实验室，福建　福州　350013
2.
安徽大学资源与环境工程学院，安徽　合肥　230601
3.
南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心，江苏　南京　210037

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（51709183）；中国博士后科学基金项目（2017M611862）；福建省科技计划公益类专项（2020R1025001）；福建省农业科学院项目（YC2019007、ZYTS2019016、ZYTS202218、CXPT202106、CXTD2021012-2、DEC2019-05、DWHZ-2022-11）

详细信息

作者简介:
余居华（1984 —），男，博士，副研究员，主要从事生源物质生物地球化学循环研究，E-mail：juhuayu1984@gmail.com

中图分类号: S158.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-17
- 修回日期: 2023-07-07
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-28

Influences of organic manures application on rape seedling (Brassica napus L.) growth and photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics under aluminum stress in acid red soil

1.
Institute of Resources, Environment and Soil Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, , Fuzhou　310013, China
2.
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei　230601, China
3.
Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing　210037, China

摘要

摘要: 目的红壤铝毒是限制作物生长的主要因素，畜禽粪便等有机物料作为改善土壤酸度和推动国家化肥零增长行动计划的重要途径之一，其对铝毒胁迫下作物生长及光合荧光特性的影响及其机理研究具有重要意义。方法利用盆栽试验，探究了不施畜禽粪便（CK）、施用猪粪10 g·kg⁻¹（P10）、猪粪30 g·kg⁻¹（P30）、猪粪50 g·kg⁻¹（P50）、鸡粪10 g·kg⁻¹（C10）、鸡粪30 g·kg⁻¹（C30）、鸡粪50 g·kg⁻¹（C50）、鸡粪猪粪各15 g·kg⁻¹（PC15）等8个处理对酸性土壤铝毒胁迫下油菜（Brassica napus L.）生物量、光合作用参数和叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果在土壤铝毒胁迫下，不同畜禽粪便处理均促进了油菜幼苗地上部生物量、光合色素含量、光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性，在第80天各处理均显著大于对照组（P＜0.05），表明有机物对土壤活性铝的螯合作用和对土壤酸度的中和过程使畜禽粪便有效缓解红壤铝胁迫对油菜幼苗生长的毒害作用。施用等量鸡粪处理比猪粪更有利于促进油菜幼苗地上部生物量、光合色素含量，但对光合作用参数、F_v/F_m值和qP的促进作用较弱，而且鸡粪、猪粪混施处理光合色素含量、光合参数T_r、G_s、C_i、qN均大于单施处理（P＜0.05），说明高pH值的鸡粪更利于促进油菜生长，而高养分含量的猪粪更利于促进油菜光合荧光特性。结论猪粪施用量50 g·kg⁻¹对油菜生长及光合荧光特性的铝毒胁迫缓解作用最佳，而鸡粪最佳施用量为30 g·kg⁻¹。就油菜幼苗生长和光合荧光特性而言，畜禽粪便种类筛选、最佳用量确定并结合土壤酸度调控对缓解红壤铝毒至关重要。
- 红壤 /
- 畜禽粪便 /
- 铝毒 /
- 生长 /
- 光合荧光 /
- 油菜
Abstract: Objectives Aluminum toxicity of acid soil is a major constraining factor for crop growth and development. The organic materials such as livestock and poultry manure are one of significant pathways to improve soil acidity and promote the national strategical plan of zero growth of chemical fertilizer. However, the effects of organic manures application on crop growth and photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics under aluminum stress and its mechanism are still unclear. Methods Using the pot experiment to explore the effects of pig and chicken manures application on biomass, photosynthetic parameter and chlorophyll fluorescence properties under aluminum stress in acid red soil. Results Under aluminum stress in acid red soil, the results showed aboveground biomass, photosynthetic pigment content, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of rape (Brassica napus L.) were obviously improved under organic manures treatment (P＜0.05), which on day 80 in treatment groups was significantly higher than those of in control group, suggesting that chelation with soil active aluminum and neutralization process of soil acidity by organic manures were capable of alleviating the toxic effect of aluminum stress on rape seedling growth in acid red soil. The same application rate of chicken manure was more beneficial to improve aboveground biomass and photosynthetic pigment content of rape seedling than those of pig manure, but not for photosynthetic parameters, F_v/F_m and qP. Moreover, the promoting effects of mixed application of chicken and pig manures than those of single usage (P＜0.05). Above two direct evidences indicated chicken manure with higher pH was more helpful for rape growth, while pig manure with higher nutrient content was more helpful to improve photosynthetic fluorescence of rape seedling. The application rate of 50 g·kg⁻¹ for pig manure was the most optimal content to alleviate the growth and photosynthetic fluorescence of rape seedling, whereas the optimal application rate for chicken manure was 30 g·kg⁻¹. Conclusions In terms of growth and photosynthetic fluorescence of rape seedling, it is vital to alleviate the aluminum toxicity in acid red soil by scientific screening of manure species, optimal application rate in combination with soil acidity regulation.
- Red soil /
- Organic manures /
- Aluminum stress /
- Growth /
- Photosynthetic fluorescence /
- Brassica napus L.

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图 1 不同畜禽粪便处理油菜地上部生物量和光合荧光参数相关性分析

a：35天，b:80天。**、*表示极显著相关（P＜0.01）及显著相关（P＜0.05）。

Figure 1. Correlations between below ground biomass and photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics of rape under different application rate of organic manure

a and b represent incubating 35 days and incubating 80 days, respectively. **, * mean extremely significant correlation (P＜0.01) or significant correlation (P＜0.05).

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表 1 供试样品基本理化性质

Table 1. Physico-chemical properties of samples used in this simulation study.

样品 Sample	pH值 pH value	有机质 Organic matter/ %	速效钾 Available K/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	水解氮 Hydrolyzable N/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	有效磷 Olsen-P/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	活性铝 Reactive Al/ (mg·kg⁻¹)
土样 Soil	4.50	2.98	44.5	123	4.65	0.284
鸡粪 Chicken manure	7.60	35.46	1235	2998	846	/
猪粪 Pig manure	7.20	46.82	2171	4186	1283	/
/代表未检出。 / representative not detected.

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表 2 不同畜禽粪便处理对油菜地上部生物量、土壤pH和活性铝含量的影响

Table 2. Effects of various organic manure application on aboveground biomass of rape, soil pH and reactive Al contents

处理 Treatment	第35天生物量 Biomass at 35 d/g	第80天生物量 Biomass at 80 d/g	pH	活性铝 Reactive Al/（mg·kg⁻¹）
CK	0.68±0.12 b	1.87±0.31 d	4.66±0.10 d	0.273±0.024 a
P10	0.91±0.28 a	3.59±0.56 c	5.27±0.07 bc	0.138±0.021 c
P30	0.92±0.17 a	4.50±0.34 b	5.57±0.23 b	0.137±0.014 c
P50	0.87±0.35 ab	4.05±0.62 bc	5.76±0.15 b	0.137±0.012 c
C10	0.89±0.19 ab	4.31±0.39 b	5.19 ±0.13 c	0.243±0.025 ab
C30	0.95±0.21 a	5.08±0.39 ab	5.58±0.17 b	0.127±0.016 cd
C50	1.08±0.32 a	5.13±0.54 a	6.23±0.06 a	0.135±0.018 c
PC15	0.88±0.26 ab	4.98±0.54 b	5.31±0.18 bc	0.214±0.026 bc
同列数据后不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。表3～5同。 Values followed by different lower-ase letters within the same column are significantly different at 0.05 level. Same for Table 3−5.

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表 3 不同畜禽粪便处理油菜叶片光合色素变化规律

Table 3. Temporal changes in pigment content of rape under different application rate of organic manures.

处理 Treatment	叶绿素a Chl-a /(mg ·g⁻¹)		叶绿素b Chl-b/(mg·g⁻¹)		叶绿素a+叶绿素b Chl-a+ Chl-b/ (mg·g⁻¹)		叶绿素a/叶绿素b Chl-a/ Chl-b
处理 Treatment	35天 Day 35	80天 Day 80	35天 Day 35	80天 Day 80	35天 Day 35	80天 Day 80	35天 Day 35	80天 Day 80
CK	3.59±0.77 d	5.11±1.10 cd	1.32±0.31 d	1.76±0.54 d	4.92±1.12 e	6.87±1.28 d	2.72±0.26 ab	2.91±0.27 a
P10	4.53±1.12 bc	6.45±1.27 bc	1.82±0.39 bc	2.42±0.68 c	6.34±1.32 c	8.87±1.51 c	2.48±0.23 bc	2.66±0.25 a
P30	4.58±1.21 bc	6.52±1.37 bc	1.73±0.39 bc	2.30±0.69 c	6.31±1.40 c	8.82±1.60 c	2.65±0.25 ab	2.83±0.27 a
P50	6.19±1.83 b	8.81±2.07 b	2.09±0.54 b	2.78±0.93 bc	8.29±2.06 b	11.59±2.35 b	2.96±0.28 a	3.17±0.30 a
C10	6.48±1.87 ab	9.23±2.11 ab	2.24±0.56 ab	2.97±0.97 bc	8.72±2.12 ab	12.21±2.42 ab	2.89±0.27 a	3.09±0.29 a
C30	3.86±0.95 c	5.49±1.07 c	1.56±0.34 cd	2.07±0.58 c	5.42±1.13 cd	7.57±1.28 c	2.47±0.23 bc	2.65±0.25 a
C50	8.28±2.17 a	11.79±2.46 a	3.15±0.72 a	4.19±1.25 a	11.43±2.52 a	15.98±2.88 a	2.63±0.25 ab	2.81±0.27 a
PC15	6.26±1.59 ab	8.91±1.79 b	2.47±0.54 ab	3.29±0.94 ab	8.73±1.85 ab	12.19±2.12 ab	2.53±0.23 b	2.71±0.26 a

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表 4 不同畜禽粪便处理油菜光合特性变化规律

Table 4. Temporal changes in photosynthetic characteristics of rape under different application rate of organic manures.

处理 Treatment		净光合速率 P_n/ (μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹)	蒸腾速率 T_r/ ( mmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹)	气孔导度 G_s/ ( mmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹)	胞间CO₂浓度 C_i/ (μmol·mol⁻¹)	水分利用效率 WUE/ (mmol·mol⁻¹)
35天 Day 35	CK	3.32±0.15 d	1.35±0.37 d	128.00±4.38 d	319.03±3.17 a	1.08±0.21 d
	P10	11.27±0.91 ab	2.64±0.13 ab	178.33±11.05 b	254.67±10.71 b	4.31±0.41 b
	P30	11.76±0.35 a	2.73±0.13 a	177.67±10.40 b	240.33±7.45 bc	4.50±0.32 b
	P50	12.33±0.23 a	3.08±0.21 a	236.67±11.42 a	249.67±9.13 b	4.05±0.27 bc
	C10	7.93±0.68 c	1.89±0.15 c	134.67±7.33 cd	248.04±3.84 b	3.59±0.15 c
	C30	11.21±0.12 ab	2.20±0.01 bc	142.00±2.08 c	226.33±6.39 c	5.08±0.23 a
	C50	8.17±0.55 c	2.29±0.31 b	147.01±12.69 c	217.67±10.18 c	5.13±0.34 a
	PC15	10.60±0.57 b	2.67±0.03 ab	190.00±4.06 ab	257.02±11.08 b	3.98±0.25 bc
80天 Day 80	CK	4.22±0.29 e	2.03±0.75 d	177.28±37.23 e	367.84±68.05 a	1.43±0.45 e
	P10	14.34±1.79 ab	3.97±0.52 ab	246.99±50.63 b	319.10±20.74 b	5.72±0.88 bc
	P30	14.96±0.69 a	4.10±0.53 a	246.07±78.74 b	301.13±19.57 bc	5.97±0.69 b
	P50	15.69±0.45 a	4.63±0.97 a	327.79±88.50 a	312.84±32.85 b	5.34±0.58 bc
	C10	10.09±1.33 d	2.84±0.43 b	186.52±27.98 d	310.79±23.31 b	4.76±0.32 d
	C30	14.26±0.24 a	3.30±0.03 c	196.67±45.23 cd	283.59±1.42 c	6.74±0.49 ab
	C50	10.39±1.08 d	3.44±1.06 bc	203.61±69.23 c	272.75±42.27 c	6.81±0.74 a
	PC15	13.49±1.11 bc	4.01±0.12 a	263.15±65.78 b	322.04±4.83 b	5.28±0.54 c

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表 5 不同畜禽粪便处理油菜光合荧光参数变化规律

Table 5. Temporal changes in photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics of rape under different application rate of organic manure

处理 Treatment	光化学最大量子产量 F_v/F_m		光合电子传递速率 Φ_PSII		光化学淬灭系数 qP		光化学淬灭系数 qN
处理 Treatment	35天 Day 35	80天 Day 80	35天 Day 35	80天 Day 80	35天 Day 35	80天 Day 80	35天 Day 35	80天 Day 80
CK	0.69±0.02 b	0.84±0.01 c	0.45±0.02 c	0.61±0.11 c	0.22±0.13 c	0.34±0.10 c	0.32±0.11 d	0.24±0.05 d
P10	0.73±0.01 a	0.89±0.01 a	0.51±0.04 b	0.69±0.13 b	0.48±0.07 a	0.85±0.05 a	0.81±0.13 b	0.60±0.06 b
P30	0.78±0.01 a	0.95±0.02 a	0.53±0.03 ab	0.72±0.15 ab	0.51±0.09 a	0.85±0.06 a	0.86±0.15 ab	0.64±0.07 b
P50	0.71±0.01 a	0.86±0.01 b	0.59±0.04 a	0.80±0.08 a	0.41±0.13 a	0.72±0.08 a	0.67±0.08 b	0.50±0.04 b
C10	0.75±0.01 a	0.91±0.01 a	0.60±0.02 a	0.82±0.05 a	0.33±0.02 a	0.58±0.01 b	0.40±0.05 c	0.29±0.02 c
C30	0.76±0.01 a	0.92±0.01 a	0.64±0.03 a	0.87±0.12 a	0.34±0.01 b	0.60±0.01 b	0.42±0.12 c	0.31±0.06 c
C50	0.72±0.02 a	0.87±0.01 ab	0.60±0.04 a	0.82±0.13 a	0.29±0.11 bc	0.51±0.07 b	0.37±0.13 c	0.27±0.06 c
PC15	0.73±0.02 a	0.88±0.02 ab	0.62±0.01 a	0.84±0.21 a	0.39±0.05 ab	0.69±0.03 ab	0.98±0.21 a	0.73±0.09 a

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