Construction and application of variety resources evaluation system for Crassulaceae plants
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摘要:
目的 旨在构建景天科多肉植物品种资源综合评价体系,筛选适宜福建省栽培的多肉植物品种,为多肉植物科学引种和推广栽培提供科学依据。 方法 基于48个多肉植物品种的园艺性状,采用AHP层次分析法和K-Means聚类分析法,从观赏特性、适应性、潜在应用价值3个层面构建综合评价体系,并进行品种等级划分。 结果 共确定14个影响多肉植物品种综合评价的关键指标,其中叶色、叶肉质化程度、越夏适应性、形姿和花期5个因子权重占总排序的61.2%,是多肉综合价值评判的关键因素。K-Means聚类分析将48个品种划分为优、良、中等和一般4个等级,其中,乌木、紫乐、阿尔巴佳人、奥普琳娜、丸叶红司、蓝苹果和碧桃等7个品种处于Ⅰ级优秀,爱星等14个品种处于Ⅱ级良好,优良品种占全部品种的43.75%,可重点繁育和推广栽培。 结论 应用AHP层次分析法和K-Means聚类分析法构建的品种资源评价体系可有效对景天科多肉植物品种进行综合评价,从而筛选出观赏特性与适应性兼具的品种。评价结果与试验地观测效果基本一致,该评价体系可为多肉植物科学引种和推广应用提供参考。 Abstract: :Objective To construct a comprehensive evaluation system for Crassulaceae variety resources, screen suitable varieties for cultivation in Fujian Province and provide theoretical basis for the scientific introduction and promotion of succulent plant cultivation. Method Based on the horticultural traits of 48 succulent plant varieties, the AHP hierarchical analysis method and K-Means clustering analysis method were used to construct a comprehensive evaluation system and classify the variety grades for Crassulaceae varieties from three aspects: ornamental quality, adaptability and potential application value. Result The AHP Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) determined 14 personality traits as evaluation indicators, with the weight of 5 factors including leaf color, degree of mesophyll texture, summer adaptability, shape and appearance, and flowering period accounting for 61.2% of the total ranking. They are the key factors for evaluating the comprehensive value.The K-Means clustering analysis method divided 48 varieties into four levels: excellent, good, medium, and average. Seven superior varieties, including Echeveri agavoides 'Ebony' , Graptopetalum 'Purple Delight', Echeveria ‘Alba Beauty’, Graptoveria 'Opalina', Echeveria nodulosa, x Sedeveria 'Blue Elf' and Echeveria 'Peach Pride' are excellent at level I, while 14 superior varieties including Crassula rupestris f. are good at level II, accounting for 43.75% of the total varieties. It can be focused on breeding and promoting cultivation. Conclusion Applying AHP and K-Means clustering analysis method to construct a comprehensive evaluation system for the Crassulaceae plants, which effectively meets the requirements of comprehensive evaluation for Crassulaceae varieties. The evaluation results are basically consistent with the field observation results of cultivation experiments. This evaluation system can provide reference for the planting and selection of succulent plants. -
图 1 景天科多肉植物温室栽培
注:A:多肉植物资源圃; B:代表性彩叶品种,B1~B4分别为火祭 、红宝石、水蜜桃、奥普琳娜;C:代表性肉质叶品种,C1~C4分别为福娘、格林、桃美人、婴儿手指;D:代表性形姿奇特品种,D1~D4分别为山地玫瑰、柳叶莲华、万圣节法师、酥皮鸭。
Figure 1. Greenhouse cultivation experiment of Crassulaceae plants
Note:A:Succulents resources garden. B:Representative colored leaf varieties, B1 to B4 are Crassula capitella‘Campfire’, Sedeveria pinkruby, Echeveria chihuahuaensis, Graptoveria 'Opalina'. C:Representative fleshy leaves varieties,C1 to C4 are Cotyledon orbiculata var.dinteri,x Graptoveria 'A Grim One ',Pachyphytum ‘Blue Haze’,Pachyphytum rzedowskii García. D:Representative varieties with unique shapes and postures,D1 to D4 are Aeonium dodrantale,xSedeveria ‘Hummellii’,Aeonium 'Halloween',Echeveria supia.
表 1 景天科多肉植物品种资源
Table 1. Crassulaceae variety resources
编号
Code品种
Variety属名
Generic name编号
Code品种
Variety属名
Generic name1 蓝苹果
Echeveria ‘Blue Elf'拟石莲花属
Echeveria DC.25 东云
Echeveria agavoides Lemaire拟石莲花属
Echeveria DC.2 丸叶松绿
Sedum lucidum 'Obesum'景天属
Sedum L.26 丸叶红司
Echeveria nodulosa拟石莲花属
Echeveria DC.3 筒叶花月
Crassula oblique 'Gollum'青锁龙属
Crassula L.27 水蜜桃
Echeveria chihuahuaensis拟石莲花属
Echeveria DC.4 火祭
Crassula capitella‘Campfire’青锁龙属
Crassula L.28 劳尔
Sedum clavatum R.T.Clausen景天属
Sedum L.5 蒂亚
xSedeveria 'Letizia'景天和拟石莲花属杂交
xSedeveria29 紫乐
Graptopetalum 'Purple Delight'风车草属
Graptopetalum Rose6 奥普琳娜
Graptoveria 'Opalina'风车草属
Graptopetalum Rose30 达摩宝珠
Sedum dendroideum景天属
Sedum L.7 塔洛克
Sedum‘Joyce Tulloch’景天属
Sedum L.31 万圣节法师
Aeonium 'Halloween'莲花掌属
Aeonium Webb & Berthel.8 乌木
Echeveri agavoides 'Ebony'拟石莲花属
Echeveria DC.32 白美人
Pachyphytum oviferum厚叶草属
Pachyphytum Link9 星王子
Crassula perforata青锁龙属
Crassula L.33 红钻
Sempervivum莲花掌属
Aeonium Webb & Berthel.10 红稚莲
Echeveria ‘Minibelle’拟石莲花属
Echeveria DC.34 漫画汤姆
Sedum Comic Tom景天属
Sedum L.11 红宝石
Sedeveria pink ruby景天和拟石莲花属杂交
xSedeveria35 虹之玉
Sedum x rubrotinctum Clausen景天属
Sedum L.12 爱星
Crassula rupestris f.青锁龙属
Crassula L.36 子持白莲
Echeveria prolifica拟石莲花属
Echeveria DC.13 唐印
Kalanchoe thyrsifolia伽蓝菜属
Kalanchoe Adans.37 雪兔
Echeveria snow bunny拟石莲花属
Echeveria DC.14 黑爪
Echeveria cuspidata var.zaragozae Kimnach拟石莲花属
Echeveria DC.38 柳叶莲华
xSedeveria ‘Hummellii’景天和拟石莲花属杂交
xSedeveria15 碧桃
Echeveria 'Peach Pride'拟石莲花属
Echeveria DC.39 绮罗
Echeveria ‘Luella’拟石莲花属
Echeveria DC.16 酥皮鸭
Echeveria supia拟石莲花属
Echeveria DC.40 婴儿手指
Pachyphytum rzedowskii García厚叶草属
Pachyphytum Link17 沙漠之星
Echeveria shaviana ‘Truffles’拟石莲花属
Echeveria DC.41 乒乓福娘
Cotyledon orbiculata ‘Oophylla'银波锦属
Cotyledon Tourn. ex L.18 锦晃星
Echeveria pulvinata拟石莲花属
Echeveria DC.42 厚叶月影
Echeveria elegans var. kesselringiana拟石莲花属
Echeveria DC.19 春萌
Sedum 'Alice Evans'景天属
Sedum L.43 静夜
Echeveria derenbergii拟石莲花属
Echeveria DC.20 露娜莲
Echeveria 'Lola'拟石莲花属
Echeveria DC.44 铭月
Sedum adolphi景天属
Sedum L.21 桃美人
Pachyphytum ‘Blue Haze’厚叶草属
Pachyphytum Link45 菲欧娜
Echeveria Fiona拟石莲花属
Echeveria DC.22 晚霞
Echeveria Afterglow拟石莲花属
Echeveria DC.46 格林
x Graptoveria 'A Grim One '风车草属
Graptopetalum Rose23 阿尔巴佳人
Echeveria ‘Alba Beauty’拟石莲花属
Echeveria DC.47 山地玫瑰
Aeonium dodrantale莲花掌属
Aeonium Webb & Berthel.24 墨西哥雪球
Echeveria ‘Mexican Snowball’拟石莲花属
Echeveria DC.48 冰莓
Echeveria Rasberry ice拟石莲花属
Echeveria DC.表 2 景天科多肉植物品种综合评价结构体系
Table 2. Comprehensive evaluation structure system of Crassulaceae plant varieties
目标层(Z)
Target layer(Z)约束层(C)
Constraint layer(C)标准层(P)
Standart layer(P)最底层(D)
Bottom layer(D)景天科多肉植物品种综合评价
Comprehensive evaluation of
Crassulaceae plant varieties观赏特性(C1)
Ornamental
characteristics叶色(P1) Leaf color 待评价的多肉品种资源集合
Collection of Crassulaceae plant varieties
resources to be evaluated叶肉质化程度(P2) The succulent level of leaves 形姿(P3) Shape and posture 花期(P4) Florescence 花密度(P5) Flower density 花色(P6) Flower color 适应性(C2) Adaptability 越夏适应性(P7) Summer adaptability 越冬适应性(P8) Overwintering adaptability 耐旱性(P9) Drought resistance 耐涝性 (P10) Waterlogging resistance 抗病害能力(P11) Disease resistance 生长势(P12) Growth potential 潜在应用价值(C3)
Potential application
value栽培管理难易程度(P13)
Difficulty of cultivation and management香气(P14) Aroma 表 3 景天科多肉植物各评价因子的评分标准
Table 3. Scoring standards of evaluation factors for Crassulaceae plants
因子
Factor评价分值 Evaluation score 4 3 2 1 叶色(P1)
Leaf color彩叶(叶色>3种),叶缘红边
明显
Colorful leaves (leaf color > 3 kinds), with obvious red edges彩叶(叶色>2种),叶缘红边较明显
Colorful leaves (leaf color > 2 kinds), with obvious red edges彩叶(叶色1~2种),无明显红边
Colorful leaves (1 ~ 2 kinds of leaf colors), without obvious red edge叶色较淡,纯色,无
红边
Light and solid leaves,without red edge叶肉质化程度(P2)
The succulent level of leaves肥厚、肉质
Plump and fleshy较肥厚
Less plump中等
Medium薄
Thin形姿(P3)
Shape and posture奇特、优美、紧凑
Peculiar, beautiful and compact优美、较紧凑
Beautiful and compact一般
Average松散
Loose花期(P4)
Florescence>150 120~150 90~120 <90 花密度(P5)
Flower density极繁密
Extremely dense繁密
Dense中密
Medium dense稀疏
Sparse花色(P6)
Flower color花色>3种,浓艳、独特
More than 3 colors, colorful and unique花色>2种,较艳
More than 2 colors, colorful纯色,花色较淡
Solid and light color纯色,花色淡, 无光泽
Solid,light and dull color越夏适应性(P7)
Summer adaptability无热害,存活率>85%
No heat damage and survival rate>85%10%~30% 热害,存活率为75%~85%
10%~30% heat damage and survival rate is 75% to 85%30%~50% 受热害,存活率为60%~75%
30%~50% heat damage and survival rate is 60% to 75%>50% 受热害,存活率<60%
>50% heat damage and survival rate<60%越冬适应性(P8)
Overwintering adaptability无寒害,存活率>85%
No cold damage and survival rate>85%10%~30% 寒害,存活率为75%~85%
10%~30% cold damage
and survival rate is 75% to 85%30%~50% 受寒害,存活率为60%~75%
30%~50% cold damage
and survival rate is 60% to 75%>50% 受寒害,存活率<60%
>50% cold damage, and survival rate<60%耐旱性(P9)
Drought resistance强 Strong 较强 Strong 中等 Moderately 弱 Weak 耐涝性 (P10)Waterlogging resistance 强 Strong 较强 Strong 中等 Moderately 弱 Weak 抗病害能力(P11)
Disease resistance危害程度小于整株的15%The degree of harm is less than 15% of the entire plant 危害程度小于整株的30%
The degree of harm is less than 30% of the entire plant危害程度小于整株50% The degree of harm is less than 50% of the entire plant 危害程度大于整株 50%,死亡率>50%The degree of harm is greater than 50% of the entire plant, and the mortality rate is greater than 50% 生长势(P12)
Growth potential新梢萌发能力强,生长速度快
Strong sprouting ability and fast growth rate of new shoots新梢萌发能力较强,生长速度较快
Less strong sprouting ability and fast growth rate of new shoots新梢萌发能力一般,生长速度中等
Sprouting ability of new shoots is average and moderate growth rate of new shoots不能萌发新梢、生长缓慢
Unable to sprout new shoots and slow growth rate of new shoots栽培管理难易程度(P13)
Difficulty of cultivation and management极易栽培
Very easy to cultivate易栽培
Easy to cultivate仅适合温室栽培
Only suitable for greenhouse cultivation对栽培环境要求严苛,本土栽培困难
Cultivation environment is strict and local cultivation is difficult香气(P14)
Aroma浓香、甜香
Strong and sweet
fragrance淡香
Light fragrance微香
Slightly fragrance无香味
Fragrance-free表 4 判断矩阵一致性检验及各层次综合赋权结果
Table 4. The results of Judgment matrix,consistency test and ranking weight of indicators
层次体系
Hierarchical model判断矩阵
Judgement matrix权重Wi 总排序权重Q
Total ranking一致性检验
Consistency testZ-Ci Z C1 C2 C3 C1 1 2 5 0.5695 C2 1/2 1 4 0.3331 λmax=3.0246 C3 1/5 1/4 1 0.0974 CR=0.0212<0.1 C1-Pi C1 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P1 1 1 2 2 3 4 0.2739 0.1560 P2 1 1 2 2 3 4 0.2739 0.1560 P3 1/2 1/2 1 1 2 3 0.1537 0.0876 P4 1/2 1/2 1 1 2 3 0.1537 0.0876 P5 1/3 1/3 1/2 1/2 1 2 0.0888 0.0505 λmax=6.0413 P6 1/4 1/4 1/3 1/3 1/2 1 0.0559 0.0318 CR=0.0067<0.1 C2-Pi C2 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12 P7 1 2 3 4 4 5 0.3751 0.1249 P8 1/2 1 2 3 3 4 0.2436 0.0811 P9 1/3 1/2 1 2 2 3 0.1505 0.0501 P10 1/4 1/3 1/2 1 1 2 0.0886 0.0295 P11 1/4 1/3 1/2 1 1 2 0.0886 0.0295 λmax=6.0718 P12 1/5 1/4 1/3 1/2 1/2 1 0.0538 0.0179 CR=0.0116<0.1 C3-Pi C3 P13 P14 P13 1 2 0.6667 0.0649 λmax=2 P14 1/2 1 0.3333 0.0325 CR=0<0.1 表 5 景天科多肉综合评价及其评分等级
Table 5. The comprehensive evaluation value and grade determination of Crassulaceae plants
编号
Code品种
Variety总分
Synthesis score等级
Grade编号
Code品种
Variety总分
Synthesis score等级
Grade1 蓝苹果
Echeveria ‘Blue Elf'3.12 Ⅰ 25 东云
Echeveria agavoides Lemaire2.82 Ⅱ 2 丸叶松绿
Sedum lucidum 'Obesum'2.70 Ⅱ 26 丸叶红司
Echeveria nodulosa3.19 Ⅰ 3 筒叶花月
Crassula oblique 'Gollum'2.44 Ⅲ 27 水蜜桃
Echeveria chihuahuaensis2.58 Ⅲ 4 火祭
Crassula capitella‘Campfire’2.57 Ⅲ 28 劳尔
Sedum clavatum R.T.Clausen2.23 Ⅲ 5 蒂亚
xSedeveria 'Letizia'2.83 Ⅱ 29 紫乐
Graptopetalum 'Purple Delight'3.36 Ⅰ 6 奥普琳娜
Graptoveria 'Opalina'3.21 Ⅰ 30 达摩宝珠
Sedum dendroideum2.56 Ⅲ 7 塔洛克
Sedum‘Joyce Tulloch’2.43 Ⅲ 31 万圣节法师
Aeonium 'Halloween'2.52 Ⅲ 8 乌木
Echeveri agavoides 'Ebony'3.57 Ⅰ 32 白美人
Pachyphytum oviferum2.99 Ⅱ 9 星王子
Crassula perforata2.52 Ⅲ 33 红钻
Sempervivum2.18 Ⅲ 10 红稚莲
Echeveria ‘Minibelle’2.96 Ⅱ 34 漫画汤姆
Sedum Comic Tom2.71 Ⅱ 11 红宝石
Sedeveria pink ruby2.41 Ⅲ 35 虹之玉
Sedum x rubrotinctum Clausen1.33 Ⅳ 12 爱星
Crassula rupestris f.2.99 Ⅱ 36 子持白莲
Echeveria prolifica1.79 Ⅳ 13 唐印
Kalanchoe thyrsifolia2.72 Ⅱ 37 雪兔
Echeveria snow bunny1.78 Ⅳ 14 黑爪
Echeveria cuspidata var.zaragozae Kimnach2.93 Ⅱ 38 柳叶莲华
xSedeveria ‘Hummellii’1.65 Ⅳ 15 碧桃
Echeveria 'Peach Pride'3.11 Ⅰ 39 绮罗
Echeveria ‘Luella’1.50 Ⅳ 16 酥皮鸭
Echeveria supia2.62 Ⅲ 40 婴儿手指
Pachyphytum rzedowskii García2.46 Ⅲ 17 沙漠之星
Echeveria shaviana ‘Truffles’2.84 Ⅱ 41 乒乓福娘
Cotyledon orbiculata ‘Oophylla'2.84 Ⅱ 18 锦晃星
Echeveria pulvinata2.45 Ⅲ 42 厚叶月影
Echeveria elegans var. kesselringiana2.89 Ⅱ 19 春萌
Sedum 'Alice Evans'2.90 Ⅱ 43 静夜
Echeveria derenbergii1.56 Ⅳ 20 露娜莲
Echeveria 'Lola'2.49 Ⅲ 44 铭月
Sedum adolphi2.83 Ⅱ 21 桃美人
Pachyphytum ‘Blue Haze’2.56 Ⅲ 45 菲欧娜
Echeveria Fiona2.31 Ⅲ 22 晚霞
Echeveria Afterglow2.09 Ⅲ 46 格林
x Graptoveria 'A Grim One '2.42 Ⅲ 23 阿尔巴佳人
Echeveria ‘Alba Beauty’3.22 Ⅰ 47 山地玫瑰
Aeonium dodrantale1.54 Ⅳ 24 墨西哥雪球
Echeveria ‘Mexican Snowball’2.39 Ⅲ 48 冰莓
Echeveria Rasberry ice2.43 Ⅲ -
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