Abstract: Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen the Magnaporthe oryzae, is a major threat to global rice production. During host-pathogen interactions, fungal effectors target key components in the cytoplasm or organelles of rice cells to manipulate host immunity and metabolic pathways, thereby weakening disease resistance. This review summarizes the mechanisms of rice blast effectors acting in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, including the regulation of gene expression via interaction with nuclear-localized host proteins, ubiquitination-mediated degradation of immunity-related proteins, and modulation of ROS production and balance. Additionally, certain effectors disrupt energy metabolism and immune signal transduction by targeting mitochondria and chloroplasts. These effectors not only suppress rice immune defenses but also exacerbate disease susceptibility by inducing the expression of susceptibility-related genes. This study provides new theoretical insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying rice-pathogen interactions and offers promising directions for the development of disease-resistant breeding strategies.