Protein nutritional evaluation and analysis of 9 hybrid strains of Agaricus bisporus
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摘要:
目的 分析评价双孢蘑菇野生种质创新杂交菌株的蛋白质和氨基酸营养成分,为利用野生种质选育营养价值更高的双孢蘑菇新菌株提供参考, 方法 以3个主栽品种为对照,测定分析了6个杂交新菌株的蛋白质与氨基酸含量,并参照WHO/FAO/UNU、IOM、全鸡蛋蛋白三种氨基酸平衡模式谱,采用IOM模式评分、氨基酸评分、氨基酸比值系数、氨基酸比值系数分、化学评分等多种指标进行综合评价。 结果 结果表明,野生种质创新杂交白色菌株福蘑63每百克蛋白质的的必需氨基酸含量46.76 g、必需氨基酸指数94.45、必需氨基酸比例41.72%、消化率校正氨基酸得分86.73等指标在9个菌株中都是最高的。而野生种质创新杂交棕色菌株的蛋白质、总氨基酸、必需氨基酸、药用氨基酸、甜味氨基酸、碱性氨基酸、支链氨基酸以及多种氨基酸的含量均显著高于主栽品种。 结论 研究说明现有双孢蘑菇白色主栽品种的蛋白质、氨基酸等营养成分仍有提升的空间,可以引入营养价值相对较高的野生种质资源,基于营养成分评价开展营养品质定向杂交育种。 Abstract:Objective To evaluate the protein and amino acids nutrition of new hybrid strains from Agaricus bisporus wild germplasm innovation, and supply a conduction for breeding of new strains with higher nutritional value by the application of wild strains, Method using 3 main cultivars as the control, the protein and amino acid content of 6 new hybrids of Agaricus bisporus were determined and analyzed, and evaluated by adopting several kinds of indexes containing IOM score, amino acid score, amino acid ratio coefficient, score of amino acid ratio coefficient, chemical score etc., with reference to three kinds of amino acid balance pattern spectrum of WHO/FAO/UNU, IOM and full egg protein. Result The results showed that the essential amino acid content of 46.76 g per 100g protein, the essential amino acid index of 94.45, the ratio of essential amino acids of 41.72%, and the digestibility corrected amino acid score of 86.73 of Fumo 63, a white hybrid from wild strain crossbreeding, were the highest among the 9 strains. The content of protein, total amino acids, essential amino acids, medicinal amino acids, sweet amino acids, basic amino acids, branched-chain amino acids and several other kinds of amino acids of wild hybrid brown strain were significantly higher than those of the cultivars of Agaricus bisporus. Conclusion It shows that there is still available space for improvement in protein, amino acid and other nutritional components of the existing white main cultivars, and wild germplasm resources with relatively high nutritional value can be introduced for nutritional quality targeted crossbreeding based on the evaluation of nutritional components. -
表 1 样品信息表
Table 1. Sample information table
菌株编号
Code菌株名称
Name亲本来源
Parents1 As2796 02×8213 2 W192 02×As2796 3 A15 U1(Somycel9.2×Somycel53) 4 福蘑48 Fumo 48 As2796×A15 5 福蘑52 Fumo 52 W192×A15 6 福蘑63 Fumo 63 (ARP159×AGQG841)×(02×As2796) 7 福蘑B07 Fumo B07 Ag781314×As2796 8 福蘑B08 Fumo B08 ARP088×As2796 9 福蘑B15 Fumo B15 (ARP159×AGQL8133)×As2796 表 2 9份双孢蘑菇蛋白质营养成分
Table 2. Protein nutritional ingredients of 9 servings of Agaricus bisporus
营养成分
Nutrient content含量 Content(%) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 蛋白质 Protein 36.70 33.50 32.10 35.90 35.10 35.50 37.90 46.30 40.00 天冬氨酸 Asp 2.58 2.38 2.17 2.41 2.51 2.62 2.49 3.30 2.74 苏氨酸 Thr* 1.33 1.22 1.17 1.33 1.31 1.42 1.37 1.60 1.61 丝氨酸 Ser 1.27 1.22 1.15 1.24 1.28 1.38 1.32 1.58 1.52 谷氨酸 Glu 6.15 4.80 5.30 6.39 5.76 4.29 6.18 7.38 6.20 甘氨酸 Gly 1.34 1.26 1.17 1.34 1.35 1.39 1.29 1.60 1.54 丙氨酸 Ala 2.65 2.53 2.43 2.51 2.41 2.53 2.49 3.22 2.91 缬氨酸 Val* 1.45 1.31 1.25 1.44 1.44 1.52 1.48 1.74 1.75 甲硫氨酸 Met* 2.79 2.34 2.61 2.88 2.80 2.68 2.94 2.77 3.00 异亮氨酸 Ile* 1.20 1.10 1.06 1.20 1.23 1.26 1.20 1.44 1.37 亮氨酸 Leu* 1.91 1.73 1.65 1.88 1.92 1.96 1.85 2.11 2.11 酪氨酸 Tyr 0.79 0.80 0.67 0.74 0.74 0.81 0.79 0.86 0.91 苯丙氨酸 Phe * 1.17 1.07 1.03 1.16 1.18 1.26 1.18 1.34 1.38 赖氨酸 Lys * 1.46 1.37 1.02 1.44 1.48 1.56 1.51 1.78 1.86 组氨酸 His 0.56 0.53 0.49 0.55 0.57 0.60 0.58 0.62 0.70 精氨酸 Arg 1.38 1.36 1.20 1.34 1.45 1.45 1.37 1.57 1.48 脯氨酸 Pro 1.22 1.58 1.49 1.17 1.33 1.22 1.05 2.87 1.21 氨基酸总量 TAA 29.25 26.60 25.86 29.02 28.76 27.95 29.09 35.78 32.29 必需氨基酸总量 EAA 11.31 10.14 9.79 11.33 11.36 11.66 11.53 12.78 13.08 非必需氨基酸总量 NEAA 17.94 16.46 16.07 17.69 17.40 16.29 17.56 23.00 19.21 EAA/TAA (%) 38.67 38.12 37.86 39.04 39.50 41.72 39.64 35.72 40.51 EAA/NEAA (%) 63.04 61.60 60.92 64.05 65.29 71.58 65.66 55.57 68.09 药用氨基酸总量 MAA 19.57 17.11 16.82 19.58 19.19 18.02 19.60 22.71 21.22 MAA/TAA (%) 66.91 64.32 65.04 67.47 66.72 64.47 67.38 63.47 65.72 鲜味氨基酸总量 Total tasty amino acid 8.73 7.18 7.47 8.80 8.27 6.91 8.67 10.68 8.94 甜味氨基酸总量 Total sweet amino acid 6.59 6.23 5.92 6.42 6.35 6.72 6.47 8.00 7.58 支链氨基酸总量 total branched chain amino acid 4.56 4.14 3.96 4.52 4.59 4.74 4.53 5.29 5.23 碱性氨基酸总量 total basic amino acid 3.40 3.26 2.71 3.33 3.50 3.61 3.46 3.97 4.04 *为必需氨基酸。表3同。
*: Essential amino acid。The same as the table 3.表 3 9份双孢蘑菇氨基酸含量统计参数
Table 3. Statistical parameters of amino acid content of 9 Agaricus bisporus
氨基酸
Amino acid平均值
Mean /%变幅
Range /%变异系数
CV /%Asp 2.58±0.30 2.17-3.30 11.53 Thr* 1.37±0.14 1.17-1.61 10.36 Ser 1.33±0.13 1.15-1.58 10.03 Glu 5.83±0.87 4.29-7.38 14.91 Gly 1.36±0.13 1.17-1.60 9.23 Ala 2.63±0.25 2.41-3.22 9.56 Val* 1.49±0.16 1.25-1.75 10.70 Met* 2.76±0.19 2.34-3.00 6.76 Ile* 1.23±0.11 1.06-1.44 9.12 Leu* 1.90±0.14 1.65-2.11 7.57 Tyr 0.79±0.07 0.67-0.91 8.35 Phe * 1.20±0.11 1.03-1.38 9.01 Lys * 1.50±0.23 1.02-1.86 15.17 His 0.58±0.06 0.49-0.70 9.71 Arg 1.40±0.10 1.20-1.57 7.01 Pro 1.46±0.52 1.05-2.87 35.74 表 4 9份双孢蘑菇蛋白质的必需氨基酸含量
Table 4. Content of essential amino acids in 9 parts of Agaricus bisporus protein (%)
编号
CodeHis Thr Lys Leu Ile Met Phe+Tyr Val 合计
Total1 1.91 4.55 4.99 6.53 4.10 9.54 6.70 4.96 43.28 2 1.99 4.59 5.15 6.50 4.14 8.80 7.03 4.92 43.12 3 1.89 4.52 3.94 6.38 4.10 10.09 6.57 4.83 42.34 4 1.90 4.58 4.96 6.48 4.14 9.92 6.55 4.96 43.49 5 1.98 4.55 5.15 6.68 4.28 9.74 6.68 5.01 44.05 6 2.15 5.08 5.58 7.01 4.51 9.59 7.41 5.44 46.76 7 1.99 4.71 5.19 6.36 4.13 10.11 6.77 5.09 44.35 8 1.73 4.47 4.97 5.90 4.02 7.74 6.15 4.86 39.85 9 2.17 4.99 5.76 6.53 4.24 9.29 7.09 5.42 45.49 A 1.50 2.30 4.50 5.90 3.00 2.20 3.80 3.90 27.10 B 1.80 2.70 5.10 5.50 2.50 2.50 4.70 3.20 28.00 C 2.20 4.70 7.00 8.60 5.40 5.70 9.30 6.60 49.50 A为WHO/FAO/UNU于2007提出的氨基酸平衡模式谱; B为IOM于2005提出的氨基酸平衡模式谱; C为全鸡蛋蛋白模式谱。
A is the amino acid balance model spectrum proposed by WHO/FAO/UNU in 2007; B is the amino acid balance model spectrum proposed by IOM in 2005; C is the whole egg protein model spectrum.表 5 9份双孢蘑菇蛋白质的IOM模式评分
Table 5. IOM scores of 9 proteins of Agaricus bisporus
编号 Code His Thr Lys Leu Ile Met Phe+Tyr Val 1 106.11 168.52 97.84 118.73 164.00 381.60 142.55 155.00 2 110.56 170.00 100.98 118.18 165.60 352.00 149.57 153.75 3 105.00 167.41 77.25 116.00 164.00 403.60 139.79 150.94 4 105.56 169.63 97.25 117.82 165.60 396.80 139.36 155.00 5 110.00 168.52 100.98 121.45 171.20 389.60 142.13 156.56 6 119.44 188.15 109.41 127.45 180.40 383.60 157.66 170.00 7 110.56 174.44 101.76 115.64 165.20 404.40 144.04 159.06 8 96.11 165.56 97.45 107.27 160.80 309.60 130.85 151.88 9 120.56 184.81 112.94 118.73 169.60 371.60 150.85 169.38 平均值 Mean 109.32 173.00 99.54 117.92 167.38 376.98 144.09 157.95 表 6 双孢蘑菇蛋白质的氨基酸评分
Table 6. Amino acid score of Agaricus bisporus protein
Code His Thr Lys Leu Ile Met Phe+Tyr Val PDCAAS 1 127.33 197.83 110.89 110.68 136.67 433.64 176.32 127.18 80.80 2 132.67 199.57 114.44 110.17 138.00 400.00 185.00 126.15 80.42 3 126.00 196.52 87.56 108.14 136.67 458.64 172.89 123.85 63.92 4 126.67 199.13 110.22 109.83 138.00 450.91 172.37 127.18 80.18 5 132.00 197.83 114.44 113.22 142.67 442.73 175.79 128.46 82.65 6 143.33 220.87 124.00 118.81 150.33 435.91 195.00 139.49 86.73 7 132.67 204.78 115.33 107.80 137.67 459.55 178.16 130.51 78.69 8 115.33 194.35 110.44 100.00 134.00 351.82 161.84 124.62 73.00 9 144.67 216.96 128.00 110.68 141.33 422.27 186.58 138.97 80.80 平均值
Mean131.19 203.09 112.81 109.92 139.48 428.38 178.22 129.60 78.58 表 7 9份双孢蘑菇蛋白质的氨基酸比值系数和氨基酸比值系数分
Table 7. Amino acid ratio coefficient of 9 parts of Agaricus bisporus protein
必需氨基酸
EAA氨基酸比值系数(RC) 平均值
Mean1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 His 0.72 0.75 0.72 0.71 0.73 0.75 0.72 0.71 0.78 0.73 Thr 1.11 1.13 1.12 1.11 1.09 1.16 1.12 1.20 1.17 1.13 Lys 0.62 0.65 0.50 0.62 0.63 0.65 0.63 0.68 0.69 0.63 Leu 0.62 0.63 0.61 0.61 0.63 0.62 0.59 0.62 0.60 0.61 Ile 0.77 0.78 0.78 0.77 0.79 0.79 0.75 0.83 0.76 0.78 Met 2.44 2.27 2.61 2.52 2.45 2.28 2.51 2.17 2.27 2.39 Phe+Tyr 0.99 1.05 0.98 0.96 0.97 1.02 0.97 1.00 1.00 0.99 Val 0.71 0.72 0.70 0.71 0.71 0.73 0.71 0.77 0.75 0.72 比值系数分SRC 43.25 48.89 36.63 40.42 43.23 48.58 40.59 52.22 49.09 44.77 表 8 9份双孢蘑菇蛋白质的化学评分
Table 8. Chemical scores of 9 Agaricus bisporus protein
EAA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 His 86.82 90.45 85.91 86.36 90.00 97.73 90.45 78.64 98.64 Thr 96.81 97.66 96.17 97.45 96.81 108.09 100.21 95.11 106.17 Lys 71.29 73.57 56.29 70.86 73.57 79.71 74.14 71.00 82.29 Leu 75.93 75.58 74.19 75.35 77.67 81.51 73.95 68.60 75.93 Ile 75.93 76.67 75.93 76.67 79.26 83.52 76.48 74.44 78.52 Met 167.37 154.39 177.02 174.04 170.88 168.25 177.37 135.79 162.98 Phe+Tyr 72.04 75.59 70.65 70.43 71.83 79.68 72.80 66.13 76.24 Val 75.15 74.55 73.18 75.15 75.91 82.42 77.12 73.64 82.12 EAAI 86.49 86.98 83.65 86.63 88.24 94.45 88.56 80.67 92.24 表 9 不同双孢蘑菇菌株蛋白质营养成分含量比较
Table 9. Comparison of protein nutrient content of different strains of Agaricus bisporus (单位:%)
营养成分
Nutrient content主栽品种均值
Main cultivar
mean杂交白色
菌株均值
White strain
mean杂交棕色
菌株均值
Brown strain mean蛋白质 Protein 34.10±1.93a 35.50±4.61a 41.40±3.57b Asp 2.38±0.17 2.51±8.61 2.84±0.34 Thr* 1.24±0.07a 1.35±5.61ab 1.53±0.11b Ser 1.21±0.05a 1.30±4.61ab 1.47±0.11b Glu 5.42±0.56 5.48±5.61 6.59±0.56 Gly 1.26±0.07a 1.36±4.61ab 1.48±0.13b Ala 2.54±0.09 2.48±8.61 2.87±0.30 Val* 1.34±0.08a 1.47±6.61ab 1.66±0.12b Met* 2.58±0.18a 2.79±9.61ab 2.90±0.10b Ile* 1.12±0.06a 1.23±3.61ab 1.34±0.10b Leu* 1.76±0.11a 1.92±0.61ab 2.02±0.12b Tyr 0.75±0.06 0.76±8.61 0.85±0.05 Phe * 1.09±0.06a 1.20±3.61ab 1.30±0.09b Lys * 1.28±0.19a 1.49±7.61ab 1.72±0.15b His 0.53±0.03a 0.57±6.61ab 0.63±0.05b Arg 1.31±0.08 1.41±4.61 1.47±0.08 Pro 1.43±0.15 1.24±7.61 1.71±0.82 TAA 27.24±1.46a 28.58±3.61ab 32.39±2.73b EAA 10.41±0.65a 11.45±4.61ab 12.46±0.67b NEAA 16.82±0.81 17.13±9.61 19.92±2.28 MAA 17.83±1.23a 18.93±1.61ab 21.18±1.27b EAA/TAA /%) 38.22±0.34 40.09±6.61 38.62±2.08 EAA/NEAA /%) 61.85±0.88 66.97±1.61 63.11±5.42 MAA/TAA /%) 65.42±1.09 66.22±5.61 65.52±1.60 鲜味氨基酸总量
Total tasty amino acid7.79±0.67 7.99±4.61 9.43±0.89 甜味氨基酸总量
Total sweet amino acid6.25±0.27a 6.50±3.61ab 7.35±0.65b 支链氨基酸总量
Total branched chain
amino acid4.22±0.25a 4.62±0.61ab 5.02±0.34b 碱性氨基酸总量
Total basic amino acid3.12±0.30a 3.48±8.61ab 3.82±0.26b 注:a、b表示在(P<0.05)的水平上存在显著的差异。
Note: a and b indicate that there is a significant difference at the level of (P<0.05). -
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