Biological Activity Evaluation of Specialty Honeys from Different Plant Sources
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摘要:
目的 蜂蜜具有甘甜的滋味与良好的营养价值，近年来受到了食品、医药界的广泛关注。特种蜂蜜不仅拥有来自于植物的药用特性，也展现出了较强的抗氧化能力和抗菌活性。目前，对于中国特种蜂蜜的比对研究还相对较少，其开发利用仍有巨大的潜力与空间。 方法 检测分析33种不同植物来源的特种蜂蜜的理化指标和生物活性，通过DPPH自由基清除法和 FRAP 总抗氧化能力检测法对蜂蜜抗氧化活性进行评价，并使用琼脂扩散法和微量肉汤稀释法检测样品的抗菌活性。 结果 所有蜂蜜样品的理化指标均符合国家标准规定；在33种蜂蜜中，米团蜜具有最强的抗氧化活性，板栗蜜、藿香蜜也表现良好。对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌抗菌能力最强的分别为茴香蜜和枸杞蜜。此外，蜂蜜的抗氧化能力与总酚含量呈显著正相关，与抗菌能力的相关性不显著。 结论 米团、茴香、藿香蜂蜜等是具有优良生物活性的特种蜂蜜，它们具有进一步开发利用的潜力和价值；本研究结果也可为当前蜂蜜消费市场等级评定提供依据。 Abstract:Objective Honey, with its sweet taste and exceptional nutritional value, has garnered extensive attention in the food and medical industries in recent years. Specialty honeys not only possess medicinal properties derived from plants but also exhibit robust antioxidant capabilities and antibacterial activity. Currently, there is relatively little comparative research on specialty honeys in China, indicating significant potential and opportunities for the development and utilization of specialty honey. Method This study investigated 33 varieties of special honey from different regions in China, conducting tests and analyses on their physicochemical properties and biological activities. The antioxidant activity of honey was evaluated through DPPH free radical scavenging experiments and FRAP total antioxidant capacity tests, while antibacterial activity was assessed using the agar diffusion method and microdilution method in broth. Result All honey samples met the national standard requirements for physicochemical properties. Among the 33 types of honey, Leucosceptrum honey exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, while Chestnut honey and Agastache honey also performed well. Fennel honey and Goji honey showed the strongest antibacterial abilities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity of honey showed a significant positive correlation with the total phenolic content, while its correlation with antibacterial capacity was not significant. Conclusion Some specialty honeys have exhibit excellent biological activities, indicating their potential value for further development and utilization. The results of this study can also provide a basis for the grading and evaluation of honey in the current consumer market. -
Key words:
- special honey /
- oxidative stress /
- antimicrobial activity /
- antioxidant capacity
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表 1 蜂蜜样品信息
Table 1. Honey sample information
样品名称
Sample name植物来源
Plant origin地理来源
Geographical origin采样时间
Sampling time板栗蜜 板栗 Castanea mollissima Blume 浙江 2022年 柽柳蜜 柽柳 Tamarix chinensis Lour . 西藏 2020年 鹅掌柴蜜 鹅掌柴 Schefflera octophylla (Linn.) Frodin 湖北 2021年 枸杞蜜 枸杞 Lycium chinense Miller 西藏 2020年 红柳蜜 多枝柽柳 Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. 新疆 2018年 黄芪蜜 黄芪 Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge 甘肃 2020年 黄芩蜜 黄芩 Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi 甘肃 2020年 茴香蜜 茴香 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. 甘肃 2020年 火炭母蜜 火炭母 Persicaria chinensis (L.) H. Gross 重庆 2021年 藿香蜜 藿香 Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) Kuntze 重庆 2021年 九龙藤蜜 龙须藤 Phanera championii Benth. 广西 2021年 桔梗蜜 桔梗 Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC. 安徽 2020年 咖啡蜜 咖啡树 Coffea arabica 云南 2021年 柯树蜜 柯树 Lithocarpus glaber (Thunb.) Nakai 浙江 2021年 苦丁茶蜜 大叶冬青 Ilex latifolia Thunb. 浙江 2021年 狼牙刺蜜 白刺花 Sophora davidii Kom. ex Pavol. 西藏 2021年 罗布麻蜜 罗布麻 Apocynum venetum L. 新疆 2020年 米团蜜 米团花 Leucosceptrum canum Sm. 云南 2021年 木通蜜 木通 Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Decne. 重庆 2021年 枇杷蜜 枇杷 Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. 浙江 2021年 苹果蜜 苹果 Malus pumila Mill. 甘肃 2020年 蒲公英蜜 蒲公英 Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. 新疆 2019年 沙枣蜜 沙枣 Elaeagnus angustifolia L. 新疆 2020年 苕子蜜 苕子Vicia dasycarpa Ten. 云南 2021年 石榴蜜 石榴 Punica granatum L. 安徽 2020年 五倍子蜜 盐肤木 Rhus chinensis Mill. 重庆 2021年 夏枯草蜜 夏枯草 Prunella vulgaris L. 河南 2019年 玄参蜜 玄参 Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. 重庆 2021年 薰衣草蜜 薰衣草 Lavandula angustifolia Mill. 新疆 2020年 野桂花蜜 野桂花 Osmanthus yunnanensis (Franch.) P. S. Green 江西 2021年 野黄柏蜜 川黄檗 Phellodendron chinense Schneid. 重庆 2019年 益母草蜜 益母草 Leonurus japonicus Houtt. 云南 2019年 益智花蜜 益智 Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. 广东 2019年 
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表 2 不同特种蜂蜜样品理化参数
Table 2. Physicochemical parameters of special honey samples
样品
Sample水分
Hydration/%色度值
Chrominance value/
mm果葡比
Fructoglucose
ratio糠醛
HMF/
(mg·kg−1)淀粉酶值
Amylase value/
(mL·g−1·h−1)电导率
Conductivity/
(μs·cm−1)板栗蜜 16.97±0.09 150.00±0.77 1.00±0.00 16.86±0.08 4.13±0.68 676.00±9.64 柽柳蜜 20.95±0.18 38.00±0.00 1.15±0.02 0.63±0.03 40.00±2.01 647.30±5.42 鹅掌柴蜜 20.63±0.10 23.00±0.00 1.02±0.00 0.33±0.03 10.00±0.79 207.60±4.17 枸杞蜜 18.41±0.08 22.00±0.00 1.17±0.00 0.38±0.01 30.00±1.47 284.00±2.35 红柳蜜 17.62±0.18 42.00±0.00 1.05±0.00 11.42±0.05 6.67±0.06 1067.00 ±5.50黄芪蜜 18.41±0.18 25.00±0.00 1.10±0.01 0.44±0.05 42.86±1.51 323.20±2.49 黄芩蜜 19.19±0.03 22.00±0.00 1.13±0.00 0.51±0.03 33.33±1.17 278.10±0.77 茴香蜜 19.11±0.08 88.00±0.00 1.57±0.00 0.94±0.03 50.00±2.01 587.30±0.35 火炭母蜜 23.96±0.04 71.00±1.41 1.18±0.00 0.92±0.04 30.00±1.69 587.40±1.37 藿香蜜 20.28±0.11 67.00±1.41 1.44±0.01 4.10±0.16 37.5±0.85 374.00±0.28 九龙藤蜜 21.41±0.06 64.00±1.15 1.68±0.01 13.36±0.03 6.98±0.61 402.00±0.21 桔梗蜜 23.89±0.28 31.00±0.00 1.14±0.04 1.51±0.03 17.65±1.36 336.10±4.11 咖啡蜜 15.98±0.16 28.00±0.00 1.12±0.00 5.42±0.01 11.11±0.08 225.80±1.58 柯树蜜 21.14±0.01 75.00±2.83 1.23±0.00 1.23±0.01 8.57±0.94 940.00±3.82 苦丁茶蜜 19.11±0.08 83.00±1.41 1.58±0.01 8.71±0.03 6.32±0.22 758.80±3.28 狼牙刺蜜 17.23±0.15 4.00±0.00 1.13±0.01 0.60±0.04 33.33±1.87 141.20±1.14 罗布麻蜜 20.75±0.12 38.00±0.00 0.96±0.00 5.23±0.01 20.00±0.50 865.60±5.57 米团蜜 19.15±0.00 150.00±2.08 1.27±0.02 2.68±0.02 16.60±2.16 1722.00 ±6.49木通蜜 19.34±0.31 32.00±0.00 1.00±0.01 0.34±0.03 9.52±1.40 219.00±1.38 枇杷蜜 22.27±0.36 19.00±0.00 1.12±0.01 0.48±0.04 9.38±0.64 237.80±4.42 苹果蜜 18.08±0.22 72.00±0.00 1.08±0.00 0.69±0.01 23.08±0.93 252.90±2.21 蒲公英蜜 16.65±0.17 34.00±1.73 1.17±0.00 1.05±0.01 14.29±0.12 314.40±0.86 沙枣蜜 21.06±0.09 37.00±0.00 1.04±0.00 2.03±0.03 25.00±1.32 320.30±2.71 苕子蜜 19.34±0.28 11.00±0.00 1.10±0.01 2.80±0.05 23.00±2.19 179.40±0.42 石榴蜜 22.04±0.04 20.00±0.00 1.24±0.00 0.40±0.01 30.00±1.34 245.40±3.49 五倍子蜜 23.73±0.03 41.00±0.00 0.92±0.01 0.84±0.03 4.76±0.03 315.60±2.46 夏枯草蜜 23.91±0.04 48.00±0.71 1.58±0.00 1.51±0.03 25.00±1.05 269.80±1.78 玄参蜜 20.67±0.01 79.00±0.00 1.19±0.00 0.70±0.03 9.09±0.45 487.70±0.28 薰衣草蜜 17.62±0.06 9.00±0.00 1.14±0.01 1.68±0.01 23.08±2.01 153.70±0.87 野桂花蜜 21.41±0.18 31.00±0.00 1.13±0.00 0.53±0.03 8.57±0.11 302.80±0.42 野黄柏蜜 19.97±0.07 30.00±0.00 0.99±0.00 2.39±0.02 4.23±0.48 299.40±3.16 益母草蜜 17.55±0.11 75.00±2.65 1.10±0.00 1.26±0.03 60.00±2.31 826.10±4.64 益智花蜜 19.11±0.05 70.00±0.71 1.10±0.01 6.18±0.02 8.57±1.04 503.20±2.21
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表 3 蜂蜜样品的抗氧化活性
Table 3. Determination Results of Antioxidant Indexes in Honey Samples
样品名称
Sample name总酚含量
Total phenolic content/
(µg·g−1)总抗氧化能力（FRAP法）
Total antioxidant capacity/
(mmol·g−1)DPPH自由基清除能力
DPPH radical scavenging capacity/
(mmol·kg−1)板栗蜜 1050.16 ±213.67ab7.53±1.42a 2.73±0.95b 柽柳蜜 357.84±131.10fghi 1.69±0.66a 0.67±0.05ef 鹅掌柴蜜 323.94±25.32hi 7.65±0.42fg 0.26±0.04ef 枸杞蜜 183.16±8.23fghi 0.94±0.33cdefg 0.27±0.04def 红柳蜜 315.08±47.77fghi 1.65±0.30cdefg 1.61±0.15c 黄芪蜜 287.13±78.18ghi 1.18±0.35efg 0.30±0.02ef 黄芩蜜 275.58±91.77ghi 0.88±0.32fg 0.27±0.02ef 茴香蜜 982.35±231.54bc 3.03±0.68cde 1.08±0.06cd 火炭母蜜 327.85±62.54fghi 1.47±0.26defg 0.53±0.08def 藿香蜜 676.83±170.85cde 3.37±0.91bcd 0.69±0.33def 九龙藤蜜 406.29±18.48efghi 1.98±0.71cdefg 0.69±0.06def 桔梗蜜 353.32±34.21fghi 0.94±0.32fg 0.28±0.02ef 咖啡蜜 722.86±134.11cd 0.83±0.21fg 0.33±0.05ef 柯树蜜 413.71±24.46efghi 2.27±0.72cdefg 0.70±0.04def 苦丁茶蜜 616.91±22.68def 2.35±0.17cdefg 0.86±0.04de 狼牙刺蜜 125.07±11.39i 0.69±0.38fg 0.16±0.03ef 罗布麻蜜 332.5±53.77fghi 2.02±0.41cdefg 1.64±0.19c 米团蜜 1346.09 ±108.6a9.07±1.36a 4.66±0.35a 木通蜜 263.84±21.02ghi 5.06±0.68b 0.23±0.04ef 枇杷蜜 152.58±48.86hi 0.46±0.19g 0.18±0.04ef 苹果蜜 340.77±50.61fghi 1.92±0.16cdefg 0.55±0.06def 蒲公英蜜 242.99±36.30ghi 1.00±0.21fg 0.31±0.05ef 沙枣蜜 256.78±40.65ghi 1.19±0.34efg 0.37±0.09def 苕子蜜 147.26±47.40i 0.63±0.44g 0.19±0.04ef 石榴蜜 234.48±43.94ghi 0.72±0.28fg 0.23±0.03ef 五倍子蜜 164.9±20.37hi 0.82±0.28fg 0.30±0.04ef 夏枯草蜜 519.92±49.41defg 3.55±0.26bc 0.75±0.07def 玄参蜜 294.2±29.87ghi 1.59±0.41cdefg 0.48±0.10def 薰衣草蜜 347.18±82.62fghi 0.58±0.44g 0.12±0.02f 野桂花蜜 252.93±3.70ghi 1.45±0.36defg 0.36±0.06def 野黄柏蜜 255.8±30.11ghi 1.14±0.18efg 0.31±0.03ef 益母草蜜 538.64±45.45defg 2.68±0.44cdef 0.88±0.05de 益智花蜜 457.65±40.73defgh 1.87±0.34cdefg 0.65±0.08def 同列数据后不同小写字母表示在0.01水平差异显著。表5同。
Data with different lowercase letters on the same column indicate significant difference at 0.01 level. Same for Table 5.
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表 5 蜂蜜样品对微生物的抑菌圈直径（琼脂扩散法）
Table 5. Inhibition zone diameters of honey samples on microorganisms (agar diffusion method)
样品名称
Sample name抑菌圈直径
Inhibition zone/mm金黄色葡萄球菌
S. aureus大肠杆菌
E. coli阳性对照（10%苯酚） 30.3±1.07 29.99±0.62 阴性对照（蒸馏水） nd nd 柽柳蜜 14.74±0.98ab nd 枸杞蜜 nd 11.35±0.43 黄芪蜜 24.33±1.21ef nd 黄芩蜜 20.04±0.59cd nd 茴香蜜 25.51±1.04f 12.82±0.48 火炭母蜜 14.47±1.36ab nd 藿香蜜 23.74±1.06def 12.83±0.97 九龙藤蜜 12.89±0.44a nd 罗布麻蜜 13.66±1.73ab nd 苹果蜜 21.06±1.18cde 10.51±0.70 蒲公英蜜 15.07±1.16ab nd 沙枣蜜 14.44±1.27ab nd 苕子蜜 19.32±1.13c nd 石榴蜜 17.47±2.02bc nd 五倍子蜜 14.72±1.11ab nd 薰衣草蜜 13.14±1.16a nd 野桂花蜜 13.53±0.37ab nd 野黄柏 13.44±0.59ab nd 益母草蜜 24.69±0.4ef nd 益智花蜜 12.82±1.36a nd “nd”表示未检出＞8 mm的抑菌圈。
“nd” indicates that no inhibition zone larger than 8 mm.
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表 6 抗菌活性与抗氧化活性之间的相关性
Table 6. Correlation between Antibacterial Activity and Antioxidant Activity
指标
Index对金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌能力
Antibacterial
activity against
S. aureus对大肠杆菌抗菌能力
Antibacterial
activity against
E. coli总酚含量 −0.089 0.213 FRAP总抗氧化能力 −0.306 0.023 DPPH自由基清除能力 −0.212 −0.023 对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌能力 1 0.321 对大肠杆菌的抗菌能力 0.321 1
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表 7 蜂蜜样品对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的MIC和MBC
Table 7. MIC and MBC Range of Honey Samples against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
样品名称
Sample name金黄色葡萄球菌
S. aureus大肠杆菌
E. coli最小抑菌浓度
MIC/%最小杀菌浓度
MBC/%最小抑菌浓度
MIC/%最小杀菌浓度
MBC/%枸杞蜜 / / 6.25～10 6.25～10 茴香蜜 1.25～2.5 1.25～2.5 6.25～10 10～12.5 益母草蜜 1.25～2.5 2.5～3.125 / / 藿香蜜 3.125～5 2.5～3.125 6.25～10 10～12.5 苹果蜜 3.125～5 3.125～5 10～12.5 12.5～20 黄芪蜜 3.125～5 3.125～5 柽柳蜜 3.125～5 3.125～5 / / 苕子蜜 5～6.25 5～6.25 / / 黄芩蜜 6.25～10 6.25～10 / / 石榴蜜 6.25～10 6.25～10 / / 沙枣蜜 6.25～10 6.25～10 / / 蒲公英蜜 6.25～10 10～12.5 / 罗布麻蜜 6.25～10 12.5～20 / / 野桂花蜜 6.25～10 12.5～20 / / 野黄柏蜜 6.25～10 12.5～20 / / 五倍子蜜 10～12.5 12.5～20 / / 薰衣草蜜 12.5～2 12.5～20 / / 火炭母蜜 12.5～20 20～25 / / 九龙藤蜜 12.5～20 25～50 / / 益智花蜜 12.5～20 25～50 / /
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