Research progress on salt-tolerant plant species and their ecological restoration applications in southern coastal sandy land
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摘要: 阐述我国南方滨海地区地理特征,把耐盐植物按照不同生活型进行划分,梳理主要耐盐植物种类,分析不同生活型下耐盐植物生活习性和种植特点。从重金属污染、有机化合物污染、土壤盐碱化、生物多样性恢复以及水体富营养化5个方面,论述耐盐植物结合其它修复材料在滨海生态修复中的作用以及应用潜力,并指出滨海盐沙地生态修复研究存在的问题。从植物耐盐性研究、耐盐植物引种筛选、新修复材料与植物结合应用和多种耐盐植物互作体系建立等方面提出了滨海盐碱生态修复研究方向,以期为滨海盐碱生态环境修复和土地可持续利用提供思路。Abstract: In this paper, the geographical characteristics of coastal areas in southern China were described, Dividing salt-tolerant plants into different life types, the main species of salt-tolerant plants were reviewed, the living habits and planting characteristics of salt-tolerant plants under different life types were described in detail. From the five aspects of heavy metal pollution, organic compound pollution, soil salinization, biodiversity restoration and water eutrophication, the role and application potential of salt-tolerant plants combined with other restoration materials in coastal ecological restoration were discussed, and the existing problems in ecological restoration of salt-tolerant plants in coastal sandy land were analyzed based on the review of ecological restoration progress. The research direction of coastal saline-alkali ecological restoration was proposed from the aspects of plant salt-tolerance research, introduction and screening of salt-tolerant plants, combined application of new restorative materials and plants, and establishment of multiple salt-tolerant plant interaction systems, so as to provide ideas for future coastal saline-alkali ecological environment restoration and land sustainable utilization.
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Key words:
- coast /
- salt tolerance /
- biochar /
- salt spray /
- Vegetation restoration
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表 1 南方海岸线、岛屿和沙质海岸线长度 (km)
Table 1. Length of southern coastline, islands and sandy coastline (km)
省份
province大陆岸线长度
Length of continental shoreline岛屿岸线长度
Length of island shoreline大陆沙质海岸线
Sandy coastline of the mainland岛屿沙质海岸线
Island sandy coastline浙江 Zhejiang 2253.7 4068.2 51 124 福建 Fujian 3323.6 2119.8 988 254.82 广东 Guangdong 4314.1 2553.4 1279 / 广西 Guangxi 1595 531.2 205 / 海南 Hainan 1822.8 1582 1128 1128 台湾 Taiwan 1576 1506.5 126 126 合计 Total 14885.2 12361.1 3777 1632.82 表 2 南方滨海常见木本耐盐植物
Table 2. Common woody salt-tolerant plants in southern coastal areas
序号
number中文名
name种
Species科
Family属
Genus1 朴树 Celtis sinensis 大麻科 Cannabaceae 朴属 Celtis 2 台湾相思 Acacia confusa 豆科 Fabaceae 相思树属 Acacia 3 水黄皮 Pongamia pinnata 水黄皮属 Pongamia 4 刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia 刺槐属 Robinia 5 海杧果 Cerbera manghas 夹竹桃科 Apocynaceae 海杧果属 Cerbera 6 黄槿 Talipariti tiliaceum 锦葵科 Malvaceae 黄槿属 Talipariti 7 海榄雌 Avicennia marina 爵床科 Acanthaceae 海榄雌属 Avicennia 8 苦楝 Melia azedarach 楝科 Meliaceae 楝属 Melia 9 木麻黄 Casuarina equisetifolia 木麻黄科 Casuarinaceae 木麻黄属 Casuarina 10 小叶榄仁 Terminalia neotaliala 使君子科 Combretaceae 榄仁树属 Terminalia 11 湿地松 Pinus elliottii 松科 Pinaceae 松属 Pinus 12 福木 Elaeodendron glaucum 卫矛科 Celastraceae 福榄属 Elaeodendron 13 台湾栾树 Koelreuteria elegans subsp.
formosana(Hayata) F. G. Mey.无患子科 Sapindaceae 栾属 Koelreuteria 表 3 南方滨海常见灌木耐盐植物
Table 3. Common shrub salt-tolerant plants in southern coastal areas
序号
number中文名
name种
Species科
Family属
Genus1 草海桐 Scaevola taccada 草海桐科 Goodeniaceae 草海桐属 Scaevola 2 海滨木槿 Hibiscus hamabo 锦葵科 Malvaceae 木槿属 Hibiscus 3 车桑子 Dodonaea viscosa 无患子科 Sapindaceae 车桑子属 Dodonaea 4 苦郞树 Volkameria inermis 唇形科 Lamiaceae 苦郎树属 Volkameria 5 千头木麻黄 Casuarina nana 木麻黄科 Casuarinaceae 木麻黄属 Casuarina 6 滨柃 Eurya emarginata 五列木科 Pentaphylacaceae 柃属 Eurya 7 小叶鱼藤 Derris trifoliata 豆科 Fabaceae 鱼藤属 Derris 8 厚叶石斑木 Rhaphiolepis umbellata 蔷薇科 Rosaceae 石斑木属 Rhaphiolepis 9 苏铁 Cycas revoluta 苏铁科 Cycadaceae 苏铁属 Cycas 10 单叶蔓荆 Vitex rotundifolia 唇形科 Lamiaceae 牡荆属 Vitex 11 台湾海桐 Pittosporum pentandrum var. formosanum 海桐科 Pittosporaceae 海桐属 Pittosporum 12 苦槛蓝 Pentacoelium bontioides 玄参科 Scrophulariaceae 苦槛蓝属 Pentacoelium 13 林投 Pandanus tectorius 露兜树科 Pandanaceae 露兜树属 Pandanus 表 4 南方滨海常见草本耐盐植物
Table 4. Common herbaceous salt-tolerant plants in southern coastal areas
序号
number中文名
name种
Species科
Family属
Genus1 紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa 豆科 Fabaceae 苜蓿属 Medicago 2 田菁 Sesbania cannabina 田菁属 Sesbania 3 海马齿 Sesuvium portulacastrum 番杏科 Aizoaceae 海马齿属 Sesuvium 4 白茅 Imperata cylindrica 禾本科 Poaceae 白茅属 Imperata 5 老鼠艻 Spinifex littoreus 鬣刺属 Spinifex 6 沟叶结缕草 Zoysia matrella 结缕草属 Zoysia 7 海雀稗 Paspalum vaginatum 雀稗属 Paspalum 8 狗牙根 Cynodon dactylon 狗牙根属 Cynodon 9 芦苇 Phragmites australis 芦苇属 Phragmites 10 蒺藜 Tribulus terrestris 蒺藜科 Zygophyllaceae 蒺藜属 Tribulus 11 大麻槿 Hibiscus cannabinus 锦葵科 Malvaceae 木槿属 Hibiscus 12 费菜 Phedimus aizoon 景天科 Crassulaceae 费菜属 Phedimus 13 卤地菊 Wollastonia dentata 菊科 Asteraceae 孪花菊属 Wollastonia 14 茵陈蒿 Artemisia capillaris 蒿属 Artemisia 15 蔓茎栓果菊 Launaea sarmentosa 栓果菊属 Launaea 16 蒲公英 Taraxacum mongolicum 蒲公英属 Taraxacum 17 扁秆荆三棱 Bolboschoenus planiculmis 莎草科 Cyperaceae 三棱草属 Bolboschoenus 18 南方碱蓬 Suaeda australis 苋科 Amaranthaceae 碱蓬属 Suaeda 19 肾叶打碗花 Calystegia soldanella 旋花科 Convolvulaceae 打碗花属 Calystegia -
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