Abstract: The Gram-negative Serratia marcescens have been extensively studied for the outstanding biocontrol effect through its existence or secondary metabolites against a spectrum of pests and pathogens in soil. However, the efficacy of the application can be altered by the surrounding conditions. This article summarizes recent advancements in the study on temperature, surface ultraviolet radiation, and humidity affecting the antagonistic functions and adaptive mechanisms of S. marcescens. The challenges or remaining issues and potential approaches for further research on the bacterial colonization and performance are analyzed. In-depth understandings of environmental factors affecting the proliferation and biocontrol mechanisms of S. marcescens would provide new directions for exploring not only effective applications but also development of bacteria- or metabolite-based agents for disease control on crops.