2017 Vol. 32, No. 10
Display Method:
2017, 32(10): 1051-1056.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.10.001
Abstract:
Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is an important economic species in Fujian. To develop virological, toxicological and cell engineering techniques, as well as resources for advanced researches on the fish, this study had developed a new cell line derived from the fish kidneys(YCK). The obtained YCK has been successfully conserved in the M-199 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 27℃ over 400 days with a medium-change every 72 h, and satisfactorily sub-cultured more than 70 times during the interim. A parallel test of commonly applied culture media was conducted to get the conclusion that M-199 being the most suitable medium for YCK. This newly established cell line consisted predominantly of epithelial-like cells, and was proven to be diploid with a modal chromosome number of 2n=48.
Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is an important economic species in Fujian. To develop virological, toxicological and cell engineering techniques, as well as resources for advanced researches on the fish, this study had developed a new cell line derived from the fish kidneys(YCK). The obtained YCK has been successfully conserved in the M-199 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 27℃ over 400 days with a medium-change every 72 h, and satisfactorily sub-cultured more than 70 times during the interim. A parallel test of commonly applied culture media was conducted to get the conclusion that M-199 being the most suitable medium for YCK. This newly established cell line consisted predominantly of epithelial-like cells, and was proven to be diploid with a modal chromosome number of 2n=48.
2017, 32(10): 1057-1061.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.10.002
Abstract:
Effect of lysine content in a low-crude-protein fodder on the growth performance and serum biochemical indices of 70-to-100-kg-class gilts was studied. Ninety-six gilts crossbred between Landrace and Large White with an average body weight of (69.01 ±4.43)kg and similar physical conditions were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates each for the study. With an equal energy and balanced amino acid design, the digestible lysine (DLys)at 0.61% (Group Ⅰ), 0.66% (Group Ⅱ), 0.71% (Group Ⅲ) or 0.76% (Group Ⅳ )in the low protein diets were applied for the feeding. The results showed the gilts in Group Ⅱ had the highest average daily gain at 908.33 g·d-1 and the lowest feed/gain ratio at 2.77 (P < 0.05) among all. The Group Ⅱ gilts also showed a significantly lower serum urea nitrogen than the gilts in Group Ⅰ or Group Ⅳ (P < 0.05), but no significant difference in comparison with Group Ⅲ (P>0.05). The serum insulin and insulin growth factor-Ⅰ in all test animals increased initially, and then, decreased as DLys increased (P>0.05). The serum lysine and threonine of the Group Ⅰ gilts were significantly lower than those of Group Ⅳ (P < 0.05), while the other amino acids decreased initially and followed by an increase with increasing DLys(P>0.05), which was lower in Group Ⅱ. Taking all factors into account, a daily DLys intake of 16.57 g·d-1(or, as in Group Ⅱ, 0.66% DLys in the low-protein diet) would be optimal for the growth of gilts in the weight class.
Effect of lysine content in a low-crude-protein fodder on the growth performance and serum biochemical indices of 70-to-100-kg-class gilts was studied. Ninety-six gilts crossbred between Landrace and Large White with an average body weight of (69.01 ±4.43)kg and similar physical conditions were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates each for the study. With an equal energy and balanced amino acid design, the digestible lysine (DLys)at 0.61% (Group Ⅰ), 0.66% (Group Ⅱ), 0.71% (Group Ⅲ) or 0.76% (Group Ⅳ )in the low protein diets were applied for the feeding. The results showed the gilts in Group Ⅱ had the highest average daily gain at 908.33 g·d-1 and the lowest feed/gain ratio at 2.77 (P < 0.05) among all. The Group Ⅱ gilts also showed a significantly lower serum urea nitrogen than the gilts in Group Ⅰ or Group Ⅳ (P < 0.05), but no significant difference in comparison with Group Ⅲ (P>0.05). The serum insulin and insulin growth factor-Ⅰ in all test animals increased initially, and then, decreased as DLys increased (P>0.05). The serum lysine and threonine of the Group Ⅰ gilts were significantly lower than those of Group Ⅳ (P < 0.05), while the other amino acids decreased initially and followed by an increase with increasing DLys(P>0.05), which was lower in Group Ⅱ. Taking all factors into account, a daily DLys intake of 16.57 g·d-1(or, as in Group Ⅱ, 0.66% DLys in the low-protein diet) would be optimal for the growth of gilts in the weight class.
2017, 32(10): 1062-1065.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.010.003
Abstract:
The secretion of reproductive hormonesin Daiyun and Fuqing goats inoestrus was studied. The secretory characteristics, such as FSH, LH, E2 and P hormone levels, during the estrousperiod were monitored using ELISA. Serum FSH and LH of the two breeds of goats fluctuated cyclically 4 peaks in Fuqing goats, and 5 peaks in Daiyun. There were one high and one low E2 secretion phases with an extremely significant difference on the hormonal concentration in serum(P < 0.01).During the hypersecretion phase, E2 in Daiyun was significantly higher than that in Fuqing goats (P < 0.05).For both breeds, their Phormones lowered during oestrus as well as 2-3 days before and after oestrus. The level increased rapidly on the 6thday of the estrous cycle; reached a peak on 8th to 9th day, and was extremely significantly greater than the average during the oestrus (P < 0.01). Thereafter until the 16th day, the secretions fluctuated in a continual high range, and eventually, decreased swiftly to alow level.
The secretion of reproductive hormonesin Daiyun and Fuqing goats inoestrus was studied. The secretory characteristics, such as FSH, LH, E2 and P hormone levels, during the estrousperiod were monitored using ELISA. Serum FSH and LH of the two breeds of goats fluctuated cyclically 4 peaks in Fuqing goats, and 5 peaks in Daiyun. There were one high and one low E2 secretion phases with an extremely significant difference on the hormonal concentration in serum(P < 0.01).During the hypersecretion phase, E2 in Daiyun was significantly higher than that in Fuqing goats (P < 0.05).For both breeds, their Phormones lowered during oestrus as well as 2-3 days before and after oestrus. The level increased rapidly on the 6thday of the estrous cycle; reached a peak on 8th to 9th day, and was extremely significantly greater than the average during the oestrus (P < 0.01). Thereafter until the 16th day, the secretions fluctuated in a continual high range, and eventually, decreased swiftly to alow level.
2017, 32(10): 1066-1071.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.10.004
Abstract:
The distribution of single nucleotides in the A-FABP gene of Muscovy ducks was believed to closely related to the meat productivity of the duck. This study applied PCR-SSCP to unveil the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)of the ducks that were genetically varied. Then, these SNPs were corrected to the body weight, slaughtering property and meat quality of the ducks. The results showed that the SNP of A-C was at the 201st site in the intron 2 of the A-FABP gene, and the mutation formed the genotypes, AA, AB and BB. The allele frequencies of A and B were determined to be 0.824 1 and 0.175 9, respectively. The homozygosity was 0.710 0 in the duck population; and, the polymorphic information content(PIC), 0.247 9.Other than the 2-and 4-week-old ducks, the individual weight of AA males was significantly higher than that of AB males, and no significant difference on the female ducks. The weights of live bird, slaughtered carcass, dressed carcass, half-eviscerated carcass, eviscerated carcass, breast meat, and abdominal fat, as well as the percentage of abdominal fat of a male duck differed significantly depending upon the genotypes, as those of the AB genotype being lower than those of the AA genotype. For the female ducks, only the weight and percentage of abdominal fat were significantly lower in the AB than AA genotype. The SNP of A201C in the intron 2 of the A-FABP gene played an important role on the abdominal fat deposit and body weight of a male Muscovy duck.
The distribution of single nucleotides in the A-FABP gene of Muscovy ducks was believed to closely related to the meat productivity of the duck. This study applied PCR-SSCP to unveil the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)of the ducks that were genetically varied. Then, these SNPs were corrected to the body weight, slaughtering property and meat quality of the ducks. The results showed that the SNP of A-C was at the 201st site in the intron 2 of the A-FABP gene, and the mutation formed the genotypes, AA, AB and BB. The allele frequencies of A and B were determined to be 0.824 1 and 0.175 9, respectively. The homozygosity was 0.710 0 in the duck population; and, the polymorphic information content(PIC), 0.247 9.Other than the 2-and 4-week-old ducks, the individual weight of AA males was significantly higher than that of AB males, and no significant difference on the female ducks. The weights of live bird, slaughtered carcass, dressed carcass, half-eviscerated carcass, eviscerated carcass, breast meat, and abdominal fat, as well as the percentage of abdominal fat of a male duck differed significantly depending upon the genotypes, as those of the AB genotype being lower than those of the AA genotype. For the female ducks, only the weight and percentage of abdominal fat were significantly lower in the AB than AA genotype. The SNP of A201C in the intron 2 of the A-FABP gene played an important role on the abdominal fat deposit and body weight of a male Muscovy duck.
2017, 32(10): 1072-1076.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.010.005
Abstract:
The oxygen consumption and suffocation point of Acrossocheilius hemispinus were observed on two weight-classes of the fish in a closed fresh watertank with constant circulation. The results showed that the rate ofoxygen consumption and suffocation point of the large sized fish were lower than the small sized counterparts. There was an apparent difference on the oxygen consumptions of the fish during the day and night, as it is termed "circadian rhythm".In that regard, A.hemispinus belonged to the nocturnal type that tended to be more active in the daytime than at night. Based on the information collected, feeding at 9:00-11:00 and 17:00-19:00with sufficient supply of oxygen for the aquaculture was recommended.
The oxygen consumption and suffocation point of Acrossocheilius hemispinus were observed on two weight-classes of the fish in a closed fresh watertank with constant circulation. The results showed that the rate ofoxygen consumption and suffocation point of the large sized fish were lower than the small sized counterparts. There was an apparent difference on the oxygen consumptions of the fish during the day and night, as it is termed "circadian rhythm".In that regard, A.hemispinus belonged to the nocturnal type that tended to be more active in the daytime than at night. Based on the information collected, feeding at 9:00-11:00 and 17:00-19:00with sufficient supply of oxygen for the aquaculture was recommended.
2017, 32(10): 1077-1081.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.10.006
Abstract:
The genetic similarity coefficients and cluster analysis maps on Lactuca pulchella (Lp) and its 11 closely related species were obtained by using PCR to amplify ITS, matK and rbcL gene from the total DNA fragments of the lettuce varieties. Based on the ITS sequences, a similarity between Lp and L. sativa var. ramose was found to be 93.6%; between Lp and L. sativa , 93.1%; between Lp and L. serriola , 92.6%;and, between Lp and Mulgedium tataricum , the lowest at 87.8%. According to the matK sequences, a similarity between Lp and L. sativa var. ramose was shown to be 99.2%;between Lp and L. sativa , 99.0%, ; between Lp and L. serriol , 99.1%; and, between Lp and M.tataricum , 98.3%. It appeared that Lp was related closer to the Lactuca species than Mulgedium . By comparing the rbcL , Lp and L. sativa L. var. ramosa had a perfect match with a 100% similarity; whereas, Lp and L. sativa , L. indica , L.serriola , L. hirsute or L. perennis , at 99.7%;and, Lp and M. tataricum , at 99.4%. Consequently, it was concluded that Lp belonged to the genus Lactuca .
The genetic similarity coefficients and cluster analysis maps on Lactuca pulchella (Lp) and its 11 closely related species were obtained by using PCR to amplify ITS, matK and rbcL gene from the total DNA fragments of the lettuce varieties. Based on the ITS sequences, a similarity between Lp and L. sativa var. ramose was found to be 93.6%; between Lp and L. sativa , 93.1%; between Lp and L. serriola , 92.6%;and, between Lp and Mulgedium tataricum , the lowest at 87.8%. According to the matK sequences, a similarity between Lp and L. sativa var. ramose was shown to be 99.2%;between Lp and L. sativa , 99.0%, ; between Lp and L. serriol , 99.1%; and, between Lp and M.tataricum , 98.3%. It appeared that Lp was related closer to the Lactuca species than Mulgedium . By comparing the rbcL , Lp and L. sativa L. var. ramosa had a perfect match with a 100% similarity; whereas, Lp and L. sativa , L. indica , L.serriola , L. hirsute or L. perennis , at 99.7%;and, Lp and M. tataricum , at 99.4%. Consequently, it was concluded that Lp belonged to the genus Lactuca .
2017, 32(10): 1082-1085.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.010.007
Abstract:
The subspecific differentiation on 9 lines derived from crossing Indica/Japonica rice was conducted by using morphological indices and molecular markers. Two indicaclinous types of rice were obtained. The association between the genes and the yield-related characteristics of the cultivars was analyzed with an additive-dominant genetic model. It was found that the grains and filled grains per panicle of the rice were controlled mainly by an additive effect, whereas, the sowing date, length of main panicle, panicles per plant and seed setting rate were dictated by a dominant effect.
The subspecific differentiation on 9 lines derived from crossing Indica/Japonica rice was conducted by using morphological indices and molecular markers. Two indicaclinous types of rice were obtained. The association between the genes and the yield-related characteristics of the cultivars was analyzed with an additive-dominant genetic model. It was found that the grains and filled grains per panicle of the rice were controlled mainly by an additive effect, whereas, the sowing date, length of main panicle, panicles per plant and seed setting rate were dictated by a dominant effect.
2017, 32(10): 1086-1090.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.010.008
Abstract:
To breed a new rice variety suitable for cultivation in central Jiangsu, Huaidao 14 was crossed with Xu 23121. Through years of breeding and screening, a new mid-season-ripening Japonica rice, Huaidao 18, was selected. The new cultivar was characterized by high-yield, high-quality, strong over-all resistance, etc. It had an average growth period of 155.1 days, plant height of 98.7 cm, grain weight per panicle of 121.9 g, seed setting rate of 92.4%, and per 1000-grain weight of 28.0 g. In the 2012-2014 regional production trials in Jiangsu, it showed averagedannual yields of 709.7, 660.1 and 658.0 kg·hm-2, representing the increases by 8.64%, 7.19% and 13.47%, respectively, for each year as compared to the reference, Huaidao 9. Subsequently, Huaidao 18 was certified by Jiangsu Committee for Crops Variety Registration in 2015. The new variety was, therefore, considered suitable for scale-up cultivation in central Jiangsu as well as hilly areasin Nanjing, Zhenjiang and Yangzhou.
To breed a new rice variety suitable for cultivation in central Jiangsu, Huaidao 14 was crossed with Xu 23121. Through years of breeding and screening, a new mid-season-ripening Japonica rice, Huaidao 18, was selected. The new cultivar was characterized by high-yield, high-quality, strong over-all resistance, etc. It had an average growth period of 155.1 days, plant height of 98.7 cm, grain weight per panicle of 121.9 g, seed setting rate of 92.4%, and per 1000-grain weight of 28.0 g. In the 2012-2014 regional production trials in Jiangsu, it showed averagedannual yields of 709.7, 660.1 and 658.0 kg·hm-2, representing the increases by 8.64%, 7.19% and 13.47%, respectively, for each year as compared to the reference, Huaidao 9. Subsequently, Huaidao 18 was certified by Jiangsu Committee for Crops Variety Registration in 2015. The new variety was, therefore, considered suitable for scale-up cultivation in central Jiangsu as well as hilly areasin Nanjing, Zhenjiang and Yangzhou.
2017, 32(10): 1091-1095.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.10.009
Abstract:
To determine the effects of light exposureon pea sprout cultivation and quality, different LED lamps were used on the peas of 3 genotypes. Sprouts were germinated in complete darkness, then, exposed to white (control)orred and blue LEDlampsin combination ratio of 1:3, 1:1 or 3:1 in a hydroponic bed at ambient temperature to grow for 5 d. Leaves and stems of the sprouts were collected for measurements on antioxidant, soluble sugars and soluble protein, as well as the growth indicators, such as length and percentage of edible portion. Compared to control, the 3:1 LEDcombination significantly increased the contents of ascorbic acid, soluble sugars, total phenols and flavonoids in the pea sprouts. Although blue LED tended to promote protein formation in the sprouts, it was concluded that a combined exposure to red and blue LED lamps in a ratio of 3:1 would best improve the overall growth and nutritional quality of the pea sprouts, and thus, recommended forlarge-scale application.
To determine the effects of light exposureon pea sprout cultivation and quality, different LED lamps were used on the peas of 3 genotypes. Sprouts were germinated in complete darkness, then, exposed to white (control)orred and blue LEDlampsin combination ratio of 1:3, 1:1 or 3:1 in a hydroponic bed at ambient temperature to grow for 5 d. Leaves and stems of the sprouts were collected for measurements on antioxidant, soluble sugars and soluble protein, as well as the growth indicators, such as length and percentage of edible portion. Compared to control, the 3:1 LEDcombination significantly increased the contents of ascorbic acid, soluble sugars, total phenols and flavonoids in the pea sprouts. Although blue LED tended to promote protein formation in the sprouts, it was concluded that a combined exposure to red and blue LED lamps in a ratio of 3:1 would best improve the overall growth and nutritional quality of the pea sprouts, and thus, recommended forlarge-scale application.
2017, 32(10): 1096-1100.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.10.010
Abstract:
Distributions of molecular weight (Mw) of soluble polysaccharides in the flabella and roots on fruiting bodies of Sparassis latifolia were compared. The fruiting bodies were freeze-dried after harvest prior to a hot-water extraction to collect polysaccharides for a high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) analysis and a β-glucanase digestion test. The HPSECresults showed that the average Mws and Mw distributions of polysaccharides significantly differed in the flabella and the roots. The polysaccharide Mw in the flabella was 3.88×105 Da on average with a main component at 4.30×105 Da; whereas, that in the roots was 1.43×106 Da with a majority of 2.85×104 Da and a few largerthan 2×106 Damolecules. The enzymatic digestion test indicated that β-glucanase could not degrade polysaccharides in the fruiting bodieswith a molecular weight greater than 2×106 Da.
Distributions of molecular weight (Mw) of soluble polysaccharides in the flabella and roots on fruiting bodies of Sparassis latifolia were compared. The fruiting bodies were freeze-dried after harvest prior to a hot-water extraction to collect polysaccharides for a high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) analysis and a β-glucanase digestion test. The HPSECresults showed that the average Mws and Mw distributions of polysaccharides significantly differed in the flabella and the roots. The polysaccharide Mw in the flabella was 3.88×105 Da on average with a main component at 4.30×105 Da; whereas, that in the roots was 1.43×106 Da with a majority of 2.85×104 Da and a few largerthan 2×106 Damolecules. The enzymatic digestion test indicated that β-glucanase could not degrade polysaccharides in the fruiting bodieswith a molecular weight greater than 2×106 Da.
2017, 32(10): 1101-1105.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.10.011
Abstract:
Changes on relative electric conductivity, soluble sugar, proline (Pro) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the apical leaves of Oncidium Gower Ramsey, Jin Hui, under low temperatures with varied durations were studied. The results showed that the electric conductivity and Pro content increased with the stress, but MDA decreased with the treatment time. The content of soluble sugars rose initially, and then, declined as the temperature was lowered and the stress continued. The changes on the leaf relative electric conductivity, Pro and MDA induced by the stress showed a consistent pattern suggesting that they could be used as an indicator in evaluating the cold tolerance of an Oncidium plant.
Changes on relative electric conductivity, soluble sugar, proline (Pro) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the apical leaves of Oncidium Gower Ramsey, Jin Hui, under low temperatures with varied durations were studied. The results showed that the electric conductivity and Pro content increased with the stress, but MDA decreased with the treatment time. The content of soluble sugars rose initially, and then, declined as the temperature was lowered and the stress continued. The changes on the leaf relative electric conductivity, Pro and MDA induced by the stress showed a consistent pattern suggesting that they could be used as an indicator in evaluating the cold tolerance of an Oncidium plant.
2017, 32(10): 1106-1110.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.10.012
Abstract:
The contents of nutrients and amino acids in the fruiting bodies of Agaricus bisporus cultivated on media containing rice straws, spent Pleurotus eryngii or spent Flammulina velutipe were determined. The nutritional values were analyzed by the internationally applied protein assessment method. The results showed that the medium formulated mainly with rice straws produced fruiting bodies with high crude protein (i.e., 40.00%) and fat (i.e., 3.20%) as well as a higher nutritional quality index than the media containing largely the spent mushroom materials. The amino acid ratios of the fruiting bodies indicated that A. bisporus harvested from the medium formulated with spent P. eryngii were nutritionally superior to the others. The spent mushrooms alsoproduced fruiting bodies with better amino acid composition than rice straws did. A pattern recognition analysis showed a closer resemblance of the proteins from the fruiting bodies of A. bisporus cultivated on medium consisted mainly of rice strawsor spent P. eryngii to those of eggs, at a score of 0.88, than that from the fruiting bodies of A. bisporus grown on medium of spent F. velutipe. In addition, the fruiting bodies contained more flavor amino acidswhen A. bisporus were cultivatedon media with the presence of spent mushroom substrates than rice straws. It appeared that medium formulations using spent mushrooms for A. bisporuscultivation could be furtherimproved to maximize the food quality of the fruiting bodies for consumption.
The contents of nutrients and amino acids in the fruiting bodies of Agaricus bisporus cultivated on media containing rice straws, spent Pleurotus eryngii or spent Flammulina velutipe were determined. The nutritional values were analyzed by the internationally applied protein assessment method. The results showed that the medium formulated mainly with rice straws produced fruiting bodies with high crude protein (i.e., 40.00%) and fat (i.e., 3.20%) as well as a higher nutritional quality index than the media containing largely the spent mushroom materials. The amino acid ratios of the fruiting bodies indicated that A. bisporus harvested from the medium formulated with spent P. eryngii were nutritionally superior to the others. The spent mushrooms alsoproduced fruiting bodies with better amino acid composition than rice straws did. A pattern recognition analysis showed a closer resemblance of the proteins from the fruiting bodies of A. bisporus cultivated on medium consisted mainly of rice strawsor spent P. eryngii to those of eggs, at a score of 0.88, than that from the fruiting bodies of A. bisporus grown on medium of spent F. velutipe. In addition, the fruiting bodies contained more flavor amino acidswhen A. bisporus were cultivatedon media with the presence of spent mushroom substrates than rice straws. It appeared that medium formulations using spent mushrooms for A. bisporuscultivation could be furtherimproved to maximize the food quality of the fruiting bodies for consumption.
2017, 32(10): 1111-1117.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.010.013
Abstract:
To explore the genetic basis for the nutritive value of Moringa oleifera leaves, the leaves at different developmental stages were mixed and used for transcriptome sequencing in the present study. With RNA-seq, 44 056 449 reads were generated, then assembled into 75 452 unigenes with an average length of 795.69 nt. 15 824 of these unigenes were longer than 1 kb. 30 847 unigenes were annotated by a similarity search against public databases. Of these, 18 277 unigenes were assigned into 52 GO function groups and 9 689 unigenes were annotated by COG database. 10 130 unigenes were enriched into 129 KEGG pathways, including carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids and oxidative phosphorylation.
To explore the genetic basis for the nutritive value of Moringa oleifera leaves, the leaves at different developmental stages were mixed and used for transcriptome sequencing in the present study. With RNA-seq, 44 056 449 reads were generated, then assembled into 75 452 unigenes with an average length of 795.69 nt. 15 824 of these unigenes were longer than 1 kb. 30 847 unigenes were annotated by a similarity search against public databases. Of these, 18 277 unigenes were assigned into 52 GO function groups and 9 689 unigenes were annotated by COG database. 10 130 unigenes were enriched into 129 KEGG pathways, including carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids and oxidative phosphorylation.
2017, 32(10): 1118-1123.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.010.014
Abstract:
The drying process and kinetics of the microwave-vacuum dehydration on the osmotically pretreated cherry tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum var. Cerasiforme)were studied. Varied microwave power, vacuum and feeding loads were applied in the experimentto generatea kinetics model for the process. The Page model was found to best describethe process with an accurate prediction on the water loss in the tomatoes. The result paved the way for the optimization and control of the microwave-vacuum dehydrationtechnology.
The drying process and kinetics of the microwave-vacuum dehydration on the osmotically pretreated cherry tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum var. Cerasiforme)were studied. Varied microwave power, vacuum and feeding loads were applied in the experimentto generatea kinetics model for the process. The Page model was found to best describethe process with an accurate prediction on the water loss in the tomatoes. The result paved the way for the optimization and control of the microwave-vacuum dehydrationtechnology.
2017, 32(10): 1124-1129.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.010.015
Abstract:
In order to objectively evaluate the texture quality of kelp, six texture parameters including hardness, elasticity, chewiness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness and recovery of kelp samples bleached by different concentrations of calcium salts were analyzed. The fuzzy sensory evaluation and principal component analysis were used to construct the evaluation method of kelp quality. The results showed that there was a quadratic function relationship between texture parameter and sensory score, and there were several quality indicators Xmax exist when sensory score at the highest level. The parameters of texture were transformed into texture index positively correlated with sensory quality. According to the principal component analysis, two main components were extracted from the six quality indicators, the total variance could reach to 93.988%. The ratio of the variance contribution of each principal component to the total variance contribution was taken as the principal component weighting coefficient to calculate the composite score, then it was converted into the texture composite index by normalization. The results of this method could comprehensively reflect the quality of kelp texture.
In order to objectively evaluate the texture quality of kelp, six texture parameters including hardness, elasticity, chewiness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness and recovery of kelp samples bleached by different concentrations of calcium salts were analyzed. The fuzzy sensory evaluation and principal component analysis were used to construct the evaluation method of kelp quality. The results showed that there was a quadratic function relationship between texture parameter and sensory score, and there were several quality indicators Xmax exist when sensory score at the highest level. The parameters of texture were transformed into texture index positively correlated with sensory quality. According to the principal component analysis, two main components were extracted from the six quality indicators, the total variance could reach to 93.988%. The ratio of the variance contribution of each principal component to the total variance contribution was taken as the principal component weighting coefficient to calculate the composite score, then it was converted into the texture composite index by normalization. The results of this method could comprehensively reflect the quality of kelp texture.
2017, 32(10): 1130-1134.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.10.016
Abstract:
To understand the adaptability of fungi in rhizosphere soil of soybean, two saline-alkali stress ways were set which involved irrigating saline solution (A) and covering saline soil (B), to analyze the diversity of rhizospherical fungi of wild soybean and cultivated soybean, throughthe application of DGGE method. The results showed that the saline alkali stress ways had great influence on the similarity of fungi in rhizosphere of soybean. For example, under the same saline alkali stress way and concentration of A1, the similarity ratio between the rhizospherical fungi of wild soybean and cultivated soybean was 0.70. In addition, appropriate saline concentration can increase the uniformity and Shannon index of soybean rhizospherical fungi, for example, the uniformity of wild soybean at concentration of B1 was 0.99, and the Shannon index at concentration of A2 was 1.87. Moreover, the sequencing of DGGE specific bands and the further comparison with gene bank, some comparative advantageous strain were obtained, such as Fusarium oxysporum, Actinomucor elegans, Marcelleina tuberculispora, Marcelleina persoonii, Tofieldiaceae environmental sample clone and Uncultured eukaryote clone etc.
To understand the adaptability of fungi in rhizosphere soil of soybean, two saline-alkali stress ways were set which involved irrigating saline solution (A) and covering saline soil (B), to analyze the diversity of rhizospherical fungi of wild soybean and cultivated soybean, throughthe application of DGGE method. The results showed that the saline alkali stress ways had great influence on the similarity of fungi in rhizosphere of soybean. For example, under the same saline alkali stress way and concentration of A1, the similarity ratio between the rhizospherical fungi of wild soybean and cultivated soybean was 0.70. In addition, appropriate saline concentration can increase the uniformity and Shannon index of soybean rhizospherical fungi, for example, the uniformity of wild soybean at concentration of B1 was 0.99, and the Shannon index at concentration of A2 was 1.87. Moreover, the sequencing of DGGE specific bands and the further comparison with gene bank, some comparative advantageous strain were obtained, such as Fusarium oxysporum, Actinomucor elegans, Marcelleina tuberculispora, Marcelleina persoonii, Tofieldiaceae environmental sample clone and Uncultured eukaryote clone etc.
2017, 32(10): 1135-1139.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.10.017
Abstract:
To adequately allocate resistant varieties and implement an integrated control of borer infestation for sugarcane cultivation in the planting areas in Guangxi, field surveys were conducted in 6 counties of Liuzhou and Laibin. An analysis was followed to determine appropriate approaches for the borer control. It was found that the borer resistance of the plants as well as the infestation severity in the fields varied significantly according to the planting area, sugarcane variety and season under investigation. For instance, in 2016, the occurrence rates of seedlings with a withered-core on the newly planted sugarcane plants in the Liuzhou area ranged from 0 to 5.97%. And, they were much more severe on the ratoon plants which ranged from 0 to 16.49%. The most serious cases occurred to ROC22 followed by Yuetang 93-159 in Xingbin county of Laibin. Based on the resistance performances, the sugarcane varieties in the regions were classified as the "borer-free" Taiyou, the "highly borer-resistant" ROC16, the "resistant" Guitang 40, the "moderately resistant" Guiliu 2 and Guitang 21, the "moderately susceptible" Liucheng 05-136 and Yuetang 00-236, the "susceptible" ROC22, and the "highly susceptible" Yuetang 93-159. An identical grouping result was obtained by a clustering analysis.
To adequately allocate resistant varieties and implement an integrated control of borer infestation for sugarcane cultivation in the planting areas in Guangxi, field surveys were conducted in 6 counties of Liuzhou and Laibin. An analysis was followed to determine appropriate approaches for the borer control. It was found that the borer resistance of the plants as well as the infestation severity in the fields varied significantly according to the planting area, sugarcane variety and season under investigation. For instance, in 2016, the occurrence rates of seedlings with a withered-core on the newly planted sugarcane plants in the Liuzhou area ranged from 0 to 5.97%. And, they were much more severe on the ratoon plants which ranged from 0 to 16.49%. The most serious cases occurred to ROC22 followed by Yuetang 93-159 in Xingbin county of Laibin. Based on the resistance performances, the sugarcane varieties in the regions were classified as the "borer-free" Taiyou, the "highly borer-resistant" ROC16, the "resistant" Guitang 40, the "moderately resistant" Guiliu 2 and Guitang 21, the "moderately susceptible" Liucheng 05-136 and Yuetang 00-236, the "susceptible" ROC22, and the "highly susceptible" Yuetang 93-159. An identical grouping result was obtained by a clustering analysis.
2017, 32(10): 1140-1144.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.10.018
Abstract:
Bacillus-like bacteria were screened for their N-hydroxyamobarbital productivities. Extracellular metabolites of 73 candidates were analyzed using the liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF MS) and Metlin database. The relative contents of N-hydroxyamobarbital in the culture media on strains that showed substantial levels were 6.04%, 4.85%, 1.61% and 1.61% for B. plakortidis FJAT-8757, B. endophyticus FJAT-10010, Aneurinibacillus migulanus FJAT-14205, and B. novalis FJAT-14227, respectively. The specialized m/z scores on FJAT-8757, FJAT-10010, FJAT-14205 and FJAT-14227 matched to ATPA were 96.25, 94.33, 96.72 and 94.91, respectively.
Bacillus-like bacteria were screened for their N-hydroxyamobarbital productivities. Extracellular metabolites of 73 candidates were analyzed using the liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF MS) and Metlin database. The relative contents of N-hydroxyamobarbital in the culture media on strains that showed substantial levels were 6.04%, 4.85%, 1.61% and 1.61% for B. plakortidis FJAT-8757, B. endophyticus FJAT-10010, Aneurinibacillus migulanus FJAT-14205, and B. novalis FJAT-14227, respectively. The specialized m/z scores on FJAT-8757, FJAT-10010, FJAT-14205 and FJAT-14227 matched to ATPA were 96.25, 94.33, 96.72 and 94.91, respectively.
2017, 32(10): 1145-1149.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.10.019
Abstract:
The stored nutrients and amylase activity in the seeds of Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis at various stages of germination were determined in an attemptto improve seed germination and seedling emergence. The seeds were collected for morphological observations under a light microscope, as well as analyses of physiological, biochemical properties.Changes on the contents of starch and soluble sugars and the activities of α-amylase, β-amylase and total amylase during the seed dormancy and germination were monitored. The results showed that, at cessation of dormancy, the amylases in the seeds were activated and started to degrade starches. As the stored carbohydrates decreased, the amylase activity also declined gradually. α-amylase activity played a pivotal role in the dormancy termination and subsequent germination ofthe seeds of P. polyphylla.
The stored nutrients and amylase activity in the seeds of Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis at various stages of germination were determined in an attemptto improve seed germination and seedling emergence. The seeds were collected for morphological observations under a light microscope, as well as analyses of physiological, biochemical properties.Changes on the contents of starch and soluble sugars and the activities of α-amylase, β-amylase and total amylase during the seed dormancy and germination were monitored. The results showed that, at cessation of dormancy, the amylases in the seeds were activated and started to degrade starches. As the stored carbohydrates decreased, the amylase activity also declined gradually. α-amylase activity played a pivotal role in the dormancy termination and subsequent germination ofthe seeds of P. polyphylla.
2017, 32(10): 1150-1155.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.10.020
Abstract:
GARCH-M and E-GARCH models were employed to analyze thevolatility of market price of garlics in Shandong Province from January 2006 to May 2016. The principal component regression analysis was applied to determine the major factors that affected the price fluctuations in 2003-2015. The results showed that the garlic price fluctuated(a) in a so-called "leptokurtosis, abnormal" characteristic with lasting presences; (b) with significant agglomeration and asymmetricity on the effect of market information, a downward trend brought about much greater impact on price than an upward one; and (c) with high risk as well as high return for the business. In 2003-2015, the F1 mixed factor played a fundamental role, while the F2 yield factor exerted a dominant effect, on the market. The garlic price was dictated by the supply and demand, operational costs and other macro factors. The production volume, planting area and exportation of garlics in the province were the most important elements that drove the market movements.
GARCH-M and E-GARCH models were employed to analyze thevolatility of market price of garlics in Shandong Province from January 2006 to May 2016. The principal component regression analysis was applied to determine the major factors that affected the price fluctuations in 2003-2015. The results showed that the garlic price fluctuated(a) in a so-called "leptokurtosis, abnormal" characteristic with lasting presences; (b) with significant agglomeration and asymmetricity on the effect of market information, a downward trend brought about much greater impact on price than an upward one; and (c) with high risk as well as high return for the business. In 2003-2015, the F1 mixed factor played a fundamental role, while the F2 yield factor exerted a dominant effect, on the market. The garlic price was dictated by the supply and demand, operational costs and other macro factors. The production volume, planting area and exportation of garlics in the province were the most important elements that drove the market movements.
2017, 32(10): 1156-1164.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.10.021
Abstract:
Dormancy of seeds is an essential mechanism for plants to deal with conditions that are not ideal for the survival of its offspring by delaying the germination. The mechanism is a complex process maneuvered genetically by the plants and affected substantially by the environmental factors. The onset of seed dormancy is regulated by a combination of endogenous and external signals, which can be either synergistic or antagonistic. Plant hormones, such as abscisic acid (ABA), induce and maintain dormancy, whereas gibberellin (GA) interrupts dormancy and stimulates germination. Recently, additional elementsthat affect the seed dormancy, including dormancy specific genes, chromatin factors and non-enzymatic processes, have been identified. This article presents an overview on the molecular mechanism that controls the seed dormancy, current understandings on the science, new research approaches, as well as the regulators involving in and environmental factors affecting the induction and termination of dormancy. Direction and suggestions for further studies in the field are discussed.
Dormancy of seeds is an essential mechanism for plants to deal with conditions that are not ideal for the survival of its offspring by delaying the germination. The mechanism is a complex process maneuvered genetically by the plants and affected substantially by the environmental factors. The onset of seed dormancy is regulated by a combination of endogenous and external signals, which can be either synergistic or antagonistic. Plant hormones, such as abscisic acid (ABA), induce and maintain dormancy, whereas gibberellin (GA) interrupts dormancy and stimulates germination. Recently, additional elementsthat affect the seed dormancy, including dormancy specific genes, chromatin factors and non-enzymatic processes, have been identified. This article presents an overview on the molecular mechanism that controls the seed dormancy, current understandings on the science, new research approaches, as well as the regulators involving in and environmental factors affecting the induction and termination of dormancy. Direction and suggestions for further studies in the field are discussed.
2017, 32(10): 1165-1172.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.010.022
Abstract:
The dwarf disease on rice plants caused by the virus, RDV, was first reported in Japan in 1883. It is now prevalent in southeast Asia, such as Japan, Korea and China. The virus is transmitted through the green rice leafhoppers (Nephotettix cincticeps) with a persistent propagation of manner that can result in a wide spread infestation threatening the rice production and food security in the area. This article reviews the epidemiology of the disease, characterizations of viral pathogeny and transmission by insect vectors, proteins functions encoded by RDV, interactions between virus-plant or host-insect, and prospects for future studies and advancements.
The dwarf disease on rice plants caused by the virus, RDV, was first reported in Japan in 1883. It is now prevalent in southeast Asia, such as Japan, Korea and China. The virus is transmitted through the green rice leafhoppers (Nephotettix cincticeps) with a persistent propagation of manner that can result in a wide spread infestation threatening the rice production and food security in the area. This article reviews the epidemiology of the disease, characterizations of viral pathogeny and transmission by insect vectors, proteins functions encoded by RDV, interactions between virus-plant or host-insect, and prospects for future studies and advancements.
