利用HYSPLIT模型分析茶园假眼小绿叶蝉迁飞扩散行为

高冬梅; 皇甫佳一; 郭萧

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.05.011

利用HYSPLIT模型分析茶园假眼小绿叶蝉迁飞扩散行为

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.05.011

重庆市农业科学院，重庆　401329

基金项目: 重庆市市级财政科研项目（cqaas2023sjczqn024、cqaas2023sjczzd001）；重庆市科研机构绩效激励引导专项（cstc2021jxjl80022、cqaas2022jxjl007）；重庆市自然科学基金面上项目（CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1197）

详细信息

作者简介:
高冬梅（1981 — ），女，硕士，助理研究员，主要从事农业害虫天敌的景观调控研究，E-mail：283532286@qq.com

通讯作者:
郭萧（1980 —），男，博士，副研究员，主要从事农业昆虫与害虫防治研究，E-mail：qiyeshu2000@qq.com

中图分类号: S435
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-06
- 修回日期: 2024-01-19
- 网络出版日期: 2024-06-26
- 刊出日期: 2024-05-28

Migration and Dispersion of Empoasca vitis in Tea Plantations Analyzed by HYSPLIT

Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing　401329, China

摘要

摘要: 目的明确假眼小绿叶蝉[Empoasca vitis (Göthe)]迁飞扩散行为特征，揭示影响其种群迁飞扩散的关键因素。方法利用系留气球悬挂诱虫黄板诱捕不同朝向、不同高度假眼小绿叶蝉，通过HYSPLIT-4气流动力模型和气象数据，分析模拟假眼小绿叶蝉迁飞扩散行为。通过田间虫口调查，结合种群密度与扩散系数分析，明确推动假眼小绿叶蝉种群分布转化的驱动因素。结果假眼小绿叶蝉最高飞行高度为8 m，2～8 m高度内，随高度增加，假眼小绿叶蝉数量逐步下降。HYSPLIT-4气流动力模型分析结果表明，假眼小绿叶蝉迁飞轨迹只与迁飞时间有关，高度对其迁飞轨迹与直线扩散距离没有影响。此外，HYSPLIT-4气流动力模型分析结果还表明，假眼小绿叶蝉24 h直线迁飞距离为35.70～178.10 km。种群密度与扩散系数分析表明，假眼小绿叶蝉有聚集分布和随机分布两种分布型，迁飞和扩散是导致两种分布型转化的重要因素。结论借助气流，假眼小绿叶蝉可以实现区域性的迁飞。在种群密度驱动下，假眼小绿叶蝉种群分布存在聚集分布和随机分布的转化，也促使假眼小绿叶蝉种群发生田间扩散和区域性迁飞。因此，假眼小绿叶蝉的防控应以主要防治区为中心，向外扩展200 km 的范围内开展统防统治。
- 假眼小绿叶蝉 /
- 迁飞 /
- HYSPLIT模型 /
- 分布型 /
- 茶树
Abstract: Objective Migratory and dispersal behaviors of Empoasca vitis (Göthe) at tea plantations were analyzed. Method Yellow insect-trapping boards attached to ballons were strategically placed at varying heights and orientations in a tea plantation to catch E. vitis. The HYSPLIT-4 airflow dynamics model and meteorological data were used to analyze and simulate the insect migration and dispersion patterns. Based upon the field survey and the data on the population density and dispersion, factors driving the E. vitis movement were postulated. Result The maximum flying altitude of E. vitis was 8 m. The insect population steadily declined from 2 m up to 8 m. The HYSPLIT-4 generated insect movement trajectory indicated that the migration time was the only determinant, not the flying altitude nor dispersal distance. The 24h-migration of the insects ranged 35.70-178.10 km and transformed between aggregated and random distribution patterns that typified the dispersion. Conclusion E. vitis migrated from region to region affected by prevailing air currents. The movement transitioned between aggregated and random dispersion in the field and regions. Consequently, effective pest control should be executed in the target area and extended no more than 200 km from the border.
- Empoasca vitis /
- migration /
- HYSPLIT model /
- dispersion patterns /
- tea plants

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图 1 不同高度黄板诱集的叶蝉数量

A：相同高度不同方向上黄板所粘假眼小绿叶蝉数量百分比比较；B：同一方向，不同高度黄板所粘假眼小绿叶蝉数量百分比比较；图中数据为平均值±标准误，经Duncan’s新复极差检验（One-way ANOVA），A图中同一高度数据具有相同字母者表示差异不显著（P＞0.05）；B图中同一朝向数据具有相同字母者表示差异不显著（P＞0.05）。

Figure 1. Number of E. vitis trapped by yellow insect-trapping board at different heights

A: Comparison by percentage of E. vitis caught on traps at same height and different orientations; B: Comparison by percentage of E. vitis caught on traps at same orientation and different heights; data are mean±standard error, as tested by Duncan's new replicated extreme variance test (one-way ANOVA); data with same letter on columns of same height in A indicate insignificant differences (P＞0.05); data with same letter on columns of same orientation in B indicate insignificant differences (P＞0.05).

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图 2 假眼小绿叶蝉不同起飞时间24 h内模拟迁飞路线

A：6月11日起飞24 h前向轨迹模拟；B：6月12日起飞24 h前向轨迹模拟；6月13日起飞24 h前向轨迹模拟；6月14日起飞24 h前向轨迹模拟；红色、蓝色、绿色轨迹分别对应8、4、2 m的起飞高度。A: June 11th takeoff forward trajectory simulation; B: June 12 takeoff forward trajectory simulation; C: June 13th takeoff forward trajectory simulation; D: June 14th takeoff forward trajectory simulation; The red, blue, and green trajectories correspond to takeoff heights of 8, 4, and 2 m, respectively.

Figure 2. Migration trajectories of E. vitis in 24 h from different take-off times

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图 3 假眼小绿叶蝉虫口密度与扩散系数

Figure 3. Population density and dispersion coefficient of E. vitis

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表 1 试验地气象数据

Table 1. Meteorological data at test site

日期 Date	最高气温 Maximum temperature /℃	最低气温 Minimum temperature /℃	日平均气温 Average daily temperature /℃	天气 Weather	风级与风向 Beaufort scale and direction	日平均风速 Average daily wind speed/ (m·s⁻¹)
06-10	27.0	18.0	24.2	阴 Cloudy	西南风2级 Southwest wind force 2	2.5
06-11	25.0	19.0	22.1	阴 Cloudy	东北风2级 Northeast wind force 2	1.9
06-12	25.0	19.0	22.3	阴 Cloudy	东风2级 East wind force 2	2.8
06-13	25.0	20.0	22.6	雾 Fog	东南风4级 Southeast wind force 4	6.2
06-14	29.0	23.0	24.5	小雨 Drizzle	东北风2级 Northeast wind force 2	3.2
使用当日2:00、8:00、14:00、20:00的温度值、风速值计算日平均气温和日平均风速。日最低气温和日最高气温由仪器自动记录。风向以当日持续时间最长的风向为当日风向。 Daily average air temperature and wind speed are calculated using measurements at hours of 2:00, 8:00, 14:00, and 20:00. Daily minimum and maximum temperatures are recorded automatically by instrument. Wind direction is the prevailing one of a day.

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表 2 不同起飞时间假眼小绿叶蝉模拟迁飞着落点及直线距离

Table 2. Simulated landing sites and migration distances of E. vitis at different take-off times

日期 Date	迁飞起算时间 Take-off time	历时 Flight time/h	高度 Height/m	着落经度 Longitude of the landing site	着落纬度 Latitude of the landing site	着落点位置 Landing site	直线迁飞距离 Straight-line migration distance/km
06-11	5:00	24	2	106.5467^o E	29.2040^o N	重庆市巴南区	35.27
			4	106.5467^o E	29.2040^o N	重庆市巴南区	35.27
			6	106.5467^o E	29.2040^o N	重庆市巴南区	35.27
			8	106.5467^o E	29.2040^o N	重庆市巴南区	35.27
06-12	5:00	24	2	106.2560^o E	29.5961^o N	重庆市璧山区	48.78
			4	106.2419^o E	29.6080^o N	重庆市璧山区	50.47
			6	106.2289^o E	29.6200^o N	重庆市璧山区	52.07
			8	106.2150^o E	29.6340^o N	重庆市璧山区	53.84
06-13	5:00	24	2	105.2911^o E	28.7945^o N	四川省泸州市	159.57
			4	105.2909^o E	28.7947^o N	四川省泸州市	159.58
			6	105.2212^o E	28.7953^o N	四川省泸州市	165.54
			8	105.0697^o E	28.8094^o N	四川省泸州市	178.10
06-14	5:00	24	2	105.7789^o E	29.3321^o N	重庆市永川区	94.36
			4	105.7789^o E	29.3321^o N	重庆市永川区	94.36
			6	105.7789^o E	29.3321^o N	重庆市永川区	94.36
			8	105.7789^o E	29.3321^o N	重庆市永川区	94.36
根据HYSPLIT模拟轨迹，利用Google earth 6.0 （Google Inc.，NASDAQ：GOOG）测得着落点经纬度及直线迁飞距离。 Latitude, longitude, and distance of a landing site were measured from HYSPLIT simulated trajectory using Google Earth 6.0 (Google Inc., NASDAQ: GOOG).

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表 3 假眼小绿叶蝉种群扩散系数

Table 3. Dispersion coefficient on E. vitis population

日期 Date	扩散系数C	扩散系数95%置信区间 Diffusion coefficient 95% confidence interval
04-02	0.8962*	1±0.6089
04-17	0.5643*	1±0.9462
05-02	0.4421*	1±0.5839
05-19	0.4807	1±0.4281
06-02	0.3318	1±0.2087
06-17	0.6290	1±0.2036
07-02	0.8289	1±0.1328
07-17	0.7715	1±0.1758
08-02	0.4571	1±0.2010
08-17	0.2460	1±0.2502
09-01	0.3253	1±0.2808
09-16	0.5267	1±0.3652
10-02	0.5976	1±0.3243
10-16	0.6324*	1±0.6077
代表扩散系数C值在95%置信区间内。 : dispersion coefficient C within 95% confidence intervals.

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