生物炭添加对干旱胁迫下福建柏幼苗生理特性与土壤酶活性的影响

刘世祥; 蔡星; 吴文秀; 刘晓颖; 荣俊冬; 郑郁善; 陈礼光

生物炭添加对干旱胁迫下福建柏幼苗生理特性与土壤酶活性的影响

1.
福建农林大学林学院，福建　福州　350002

基金项目: 福建省林业种苗科技攻关七期项目“福建柏良种选育研究” (LZKG-202207)；福建农林大学科技创新专项基金项目（KFB23057）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘世祥（1998 —），男，硕士研究生，主要从事森林培育技术相关研究，（Email：lsx18720223@163.com）

通讯作者:
陈礼光(1974−)，男，副教授，博士，主要从事森林培育技术相关研究，（Email：fjclg@qq.com）

中图分类号: S791.43; Q945.78
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-04-24
- 修回日期: 2025-06-03
- 网络出版日期: 2024-08-15

Effects of biochar addition on physiological characteristics and soil enzyme activities of Fokienia hodginsii under drought stress

1.
College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China

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Author Bio:
LIU S X

摘要

摘要: 目的探究干旱胁迫下外源增施生物炭对福建柏苗木生理特性与土壤酶活性的影响。方法以一年生福建柏幼苗为试材，在土壤中分别添加20、50、80g·kg⁻¹的玉米秸秆生物炭（T1、T2、T3），将不含生物炭的处理为对照（CK），分析不同添加量的生物炭对干旱胁迫下福建柏幼苗生长、渗透调节物质的积累及土壤酶活性的影响。结果结果表明：（1）生物炭的施加显著提升了福建柏的生长及生物量积累（P＜0.05），T2处理下对福建柏株高、地径及单株生物量的积累促进效果最佳。（2）随着胁迫时间的增加，各组间的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸含量总体呈现出先升后降的变化趋势，且各组间差异显著。可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量在胁迫42 d时达到最大值；可溶性蛋白含量在胁迫56 d 时达到最大值。总体表现为：T2＞T1＞T3＞CK，且以T2处理下效果最佳。T2处理下的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸含量与同期的CK相比增加了50.7%、127%、54.4%。（3）生物炭的施加显著提升了干旱胁迫下的土壤酶活性（P＜0.05），在胁迫70 d时各组脲酶活性达到最大值；过氧化氢酶、硝酸还原酶、蔗糖酶活性在胁迫42 d时达到最大值；蔗糖酶在胁迫56 d时达到最大值。各组间差异总体表现为T2＞T1＞T3＞CK，且以T2处理最佳。结论干旱胁迫下施用50g·kg⁻¹生物炭量的试验处理最有利于福建柏苗木生长、抗逆生理及土壤酶活性的提高，但当生物炭施用量过高时会对其产生抑制作用。关键词：生物炭；干旱胁迫；福建柏；渗透调节；土壤酶活性

Abstract: Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of exogenous biochar application on the physiological characteristics and soil enzyme activities of Fokienia hodginsii under drought stress. Method The effects of biochar with different biochar dosages on the growth, osmotic regulators and soil enzyme activities of Fokienia hodginsii were analyzed by adding 20, 50 and 80 g·kg⁻¹ biochar to the soil, which were recorded as T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Result The results showed that: (1) The application of biochar significantly increased the growth and biomass accumulation of Fokienia hodginsii (P＜0.05), and the T2 treatment had the best effect on the accumulation of plant height, ground diameter and biomass per plant. (2) With the increase of stress time, the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline among the groups showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the differences between the groups were significant. The contents of soluble sugar and proline reached the maximum value at 42 days of stress. The soluble protein content reached the maximum value at 56 days of stress. The overall results were T2＞ T1＞ T3 ＞CK, and the best effect was achieved under T2 treatment. The contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline under T2 treatment increased by 50.7%, 127% and 54.4% compared with CK in the same period. (3) The application of biochar significantly increased the soil enzyme activity under drought stress (P＜0.05), and the urease activity of each group reached the maximum value at 70 days of stress, and the activities of catalase, nitrate reductase and sucrase reached the maximum value at 42 days of stress. Sucrase reached its maximum at 56 days of stress. The overall difference between the groups was T2＞ T1＞ T3＞CK, and T2 was the best treatment. Conclusion The experimental treatment of applying 50g · kg⁻¹ biochar under drought stress is most beneficial for the growth, stress resistance physiology, and soil enzyme activity of Fokienia hodginsii seedlings. However, when the amount of biochar applied is too high, it will have an inhibitory effect. Key words : biochar; drought stress; Fokienia hodginsii; Osmoregulation; Soil enzyme activity

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图 1 生物炭添加对干旱胁迫下福建柏幼苗叶片渗透调节物质含量的影响

注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间存在显著性差异（P＜ 0.05）；Note：Different small letters indicate the significant differences among various treatments at（P＜ 0.05）.

Figure 1. Effects of biochar addition on osmoregulatory substances in leaves of Fokienia hodginsii under drought stress

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图 2 生物炭添加对干旱胁迫下土壤酶活性的影响

注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间存在显著性差异（P＜ 0.05）；

Figure 2. The effect of biochar addition on soil enzyme activity under drought stress

Note：Different small letters indicate the significant differences among various treatments at（P＜ 0.05）.

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图 3 干旱胁迫下福建柏幼苗各指标与土壤酶活性的冗余分析

S-UE代表脲酶，S-SC代表蔗糖酶，CAT代表过氧化氢酶，DHA代表脱氢酶，NR代表硝酸还原酶，SS代表可溶性糖，PRO代表脯氨酸，SP代表可溶性蛋白，H代表株高，D代表地径，TB代表生物量。

Figure 3. Redundancy analysis of various indicators and soil enzyme activity of Fokienia hodginsii under drought stress

S-UE represents urease, S-SC represents sucrase, CAT represents catalase, DHA represents dehydrogenase, NR represents nitrate reductase, SS represents soluble sugar, PRO represents proline, SP represents soluble protein, H represents plant height, D represents diameter, and TB represents biomass.

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表 1 供试前苗木生长状况

Table 1. Growth status of seedlings before the trial

处理/dispose	指标/index
处理/dispose	CK	T1	T2	T3
株高/cm Plant height/cm	19.50±1.30	19.70±2.10	19.80±2.10	19.80±1.90
地径/mm Ground diameter/mm	2.12±0.65	2.15±0.75	2.14±0.79	2.15±0.82

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表 2 供试生物炭的基本理化性质

Table 2. Basic physicochemical properties of the tested biochar

pH (H₂O)	C/%	N/%	全磷 TK/%	全钾 TP/%
8.62	72.47	0.61	2.31	0.69

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表 3 生物炭添加对干旱胁迫下福建柏幼苗生长及生物量积累的影响

Table 3. Effects of biochar addition on the growth and biomass accumulation of Fokienia hodginsii

处理 dispose	株高/cm Plant height/cm	地径/mm Ground diameter/mm	根生物量/g Root biomass/g	茎生物量/g Stem biomass/g	叶生物量/g Leaf biomass/g	单株生物量/g Biomass per plant/g
CK	20.81±1.90c	2.43±0.46c	1.66±0.20 d	2.26±0.14c	1.31±0.13b	5.23±0.26c
T1	26.90±3.20a	3.08±0.61ab	2.41±0.12b	2.55±0.12b	1.54±0.15a	6.53±0.28a
T2	27.10±1.50a	3.15±0.68a	2.52±0.18a	2.64±0.15a	1.6±0.12a	6.76±0.31a
T3	23.10±1.80b	2.81±0.43b	1.71±0.16c	2.43±0.11b	1.34±0.12b	5.47±0.24b
注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间存在显著性差异（P＜ 0.05）； Note：Different small letters indicate the significant differences among various treatments at（P＜ 0.05）.

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